ART | P3
MOTIFS
In art and iconography, a motif is an element of
an image. A motif may be repeated in a pattern
or design, often many times, or may just occur
once in work.
What are traditional motifs?
A motif is the most basic unit from which a
design is formed. It is generally developed from
different combinations of geometrical shapes.
Most of the traditional motifs are often
inspired from nature.
Usage
Motif is a word that is most commonly used in
creative fields like visual arts, literature, and
design. The term describes any key idea that is
emphasized in a creative piece through
consistent repetition.
Motifs and Symbols
Many designs in Islamic culture are motifs,
including those of the sun, moon, animals such
as horses and lions, flowers, and landscapes.
Motifs can have emotional effects and be used
for propaganda.
Classification of Motif
A. Geometric, typically repeated: Meander,
palmette, rosette, gul in Oriental rugs, acanthus,
egg and dart, Bead and reel, Pakudos,
Sauwastika, Adinkra symbols.
B. Figurative: Master of Animals, confronted
animals, velificatio, Death and the Maiden, Three
hares, Sheela na gig Geometric Types of Motif
1. A meander or meandros is a decorative border
constructed from a continuous line-shaped
into a repeated motif
2. The palmette is a motif in decorative art
which, in its most characteristic expression,
resembles the fan-shaped leaves of a palm tree.
3. A rosette is a round, stylized flower design.
The rosette derives from the natural shape of the
botanical rosette
4. A gul is a medallion-like design element typical
of traditional hand-woven carpets from Central
and West Asia.
5. The acanthus is one of the most common
plant forms to make foliage ornament and
decoration.
6. Egg-and-dart, also known as egg-and-tongue,
egg, and anchor, or egg and star, are terms that
refer to an ornamental device adorning the
fundamental quarter-round, convex ovolo profile
7. Bead and reel is an architectural motif, usually
found in sculptures, moldings and numismatics.
8. A pakudos is a visual motif used by the
Hanunuo Mangyan people of Mindoro in the
The Philippines. Pakudos are characterized by
symmetrical, aesthetic, and orderly utilization of
lines and space
9. Adinkra are symbols that represent concepts
or aphorisms. Adinkra are used extensively in
fabrics, logos and pottery.
FIGURATIVE TYPES OF MOTIFS
1. The Master of Animals or Lord of Animals is a
motif in ancient art showing a human between
and grasping two confronted animals..
2. Confronted animals, or confronted-animal as
an adjective, where two animals face each other
in a symmetrical pose, is an ancient bilateral
motif in art and artifacts studied in archaeology
and art history. The "anti-confronted animals" is
the opposing motif, with the animals back to
3. Velificatio is a stylistic device used in ancient
Roman art to frame a deity by means of a
billowing garment. It represents "vigorous
movement," an epiphany, or "the vault of heaven,"
often appearing with celestial, weather, or sea
deities.
4. Death and the Maiden - was a common motif
in Renaissance art, especially painting and
prints in Germany.
5. The three hares (or three rabbits) is a circular
motif or meme appearing in sacred sites from
the Middle and Far East to the churches of
Devon, England and historical synagogues in
Europe. It is used as an architectural ornament, a
religious symbol, and in other modern works of
art or a logo for adornment (including tattoos),
6. Sheela na gigs are figurative carvings of naked
women displaying an exaggerated vulva. They
are architectural grotesques found all over
Europe on cathedrals, castles, and other
buildings.
MODULE 16
The Seven Elements of Art in Crafts and
designs are the following:
Line - a mark on a surface.
Shape - a flat area of enclosed space.
Space - the illusion of depth on a flat surface.
Value - the lightness or darkness of objects.
Form - the height, width and depth of a work of
art.
Texture - the way in which art feels or would
seem to feel to the touch.
Handicraft
Handicrafts are artisanal crafts or products and
aesthetic production created by hand or by using
tools.
Basic Elements of Handicraft
1. Design - Drawing, model, mould, pattern, plan
or specification to work
2. Materials - Basic substance as an input
3. Technique - Method and process of treating
the materials
The Five Types of Crafts
Textile Crafts
These include any type of craft where you work
with fabric, yarn or surface design. Some
examples are knitting, quilting, weaving and
dyeing.
Paper Crafts
As the name implies, paper crafts have to do with
well – paper! This includes card making,
scrapbooking, papiermache, calligraphy, and
papermaking.
Decorative Crafts
Furniture making, metalwork, stenciling, stained
glass, gilding, spongeware, surface design of
walls such as basketry and dried flowers fall into
the category of decorative crafts. This category
also includes toy making.
Fashion Crafts
This type of crafts encompasses all the elements
of dressing the human body: jewelry, hats,
leatherwork (shoes, belts, handbags) and
garments.
Functional Crafts
Many of the four other types of crafts can also be
classified as functional. For example, decorative
pottery is made with components that are okay
for customers to eat from such as serving
platters or utensils.
The common Philippine crafts
• Beads and rosary making
• Ornaments/Interior design, Lamps shades,
Pots
• Parol/basket making /Trays
• Centerpiece, flower vases, pen holders,
organizers
MODULE 17
Theater - is a collaborative form of fine art that
uses live performers, typically actors or
actresses, to present the experience of a real or
imagined event before a live audience in a
specific place, often a stage.
Drama is a mode of fictional representation
through dialogue and performance. In simple
words, a drama is a composition in verse or
prose presenting a story in pantomime or
dialogue. It contains conflict of characters,
particularly the ones who perform in front of
audience on the
There are four main forms of drama. They are
comedy, tragedy, romance-comedy, tragicomedy
and melodrama.
Elements of drama - In drama, there are 3 major
elements which are literary, technical, and
performance elements.
1. Literary elements consist of plot, theme,
characters, dialogue, music, spectacle,
convention, genre, and audience.
2. Technical elements consist of scenery (set),
costumes, properties, lights, sound, and
makeup.
3. Performance. It must be able to deliver the
chosen genre of the piece.
Purpose of drama - To play. To match. Sharing
the human experience. Expressing the need for
social change, communicating a universal theme,
recreating and interpreting information, ideas,
and emotions.
Opera - a staged drama set to music in its
entirety, made up of vocal pieces with
instrumental accompaniment and usually with
orchestral overtures and interludes.
MODULE 18
MUSIC
It is an art concerned with combining vocal or
instrumental sounds for beauty of form or
emotional expression. Instrumental Music It is a
musical composition or recording without lyrics,
or singing, although it might include some
inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup
vocals in a Big Band setting.
Classification of Musical Instruments
1. Wind- are typically grouped into two families:
Brass instruments (horns, trumpets, trombones,
euphoniums, and tubas) Woodwind instruments
(recorders, flutes, oboes, clarinets, saxophones,
and bassoons)
2. Percussion - this is a wide-ranging, inclusive
list of percussion instruments. It includes
instruments classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as
struck or friction idiophones, struck or
friction membrano-phones or struck
chordophones.
3. String - any musical instrument that produces
sound by the vibration of stretched strings,
which may be made of vegetable fiber, metal,
animal gut, silk, or artificial materials such
as plastic or nylon.
Elements of Music
1. Rhythm – is the element of TIME in music.
When you tap your foot to the music, you are
"keeping the beat" or following the structural
rhythmic pulse of the music.
a. DURATION: how long a sound (or silence) last.
b. TEMPO: the speed of the BEAT, which can
described by the number of
beats/second
2. Dynamics – is the relative loudness or
quietness of music fall under the general element
of dynamics.
a. pianissimo [pp] = (very quiet)
b. piano [p] = (quiet)
c. mezzo-piano [mp] = (moderately quiet)
d. mezzo-forte [mf ] = (moderately loud)
e. forte [f ] = (loud)
f. fortissimo [ff ] = (very loud)
3. Melody – The melody determines the harmony
and tonality of the piece of music.
4. Harmony - musical harmony is the sound
created when two or more pitches are
performed at the same time to form a chord.
5. Tone color (Timbre) - each musical instrument
or voice produces its own characteristic
sound patterns and resultant “overtones,” which
give it a unique "tone color" or timbre.
6. Texture – refers to the number of individual
musical lines (melodies) and the relationship
these lines have to one another.
7. Form - are used to designate musical divisions
created by the repetition of material or the
presentation of new, contrasting material.
MODULE 19
Looking into Dance
Dance is a performing art form consisting of
purposefully selected sequences of human
movement.
Elements of Dance
1. Space: refers to the space through which the
dancer’s body moves (general or personal
space, level, size, direction, pathway, focus).
2. Time: is applied as both musical and dance
elements (beat, tempo, speed, rhythm,
sudden, slow, sustained).
3. Force/Energy: the force applied to dance to
accentuate the weight, attack, strength, and
flow of a dancer’s movement (sharp, strong, light,
heavy, bound, free-flow).
4. Relationship: refers to the relationship the
dancers’ body parts have to everything else
(spatial relationships, time relationships,
relationship to music, and to each other).
Movements
1. Locomotor - These are movements where the
body travels through space from one
location to another. Locomotor movements
primarily use the feet for support however,
the body can travel on other parts such as the
hands and feet.
2. Non-Locomotor - These are movements that
occur in the body parts or the whole body
and do not cause the body to travel to another
space.
Basic body movements are the natural things or
step to move our body. Like running, walking,
jumping, etc.
Difference between movement and dance
Movement is physical motion between points in
space while dance is a sequence of rhythmic
steps or movements usually performed to music,
for pleasure or as a form of social interaction.
MODULE 20
PRODUCTION PROCESS
The production process refers to the stages
(phases) required to complete a media product,
from the idea to the final master copy. The
process can apply to any type of media
production including film, video, television and
audio recording.
The three main stages of production are:
1. Pre-production: Planning, scripting &
storyboarding, etc.
2. Production: The actual shooting/recording.
3. Post-production: Everything between
production and creating the final master copy.
Other stages include:
Financing: This happens before pre-production,
and involves budget forecasting, finding
investors, etc.
Screenplay: This can be considered a separate
stage before pre-production.
Distribution: After post-production, delivering
the content to the audience (e.g. film prints,
CD/DVD, etc.)
PRE-PRODUCTION
Pre-production is a fairly loose term which
refers to the tasks undertaken before production
begins. Exactly what is included in this stage
depends on the medium and situation.
MODULE 21
A virtual Tour of Great Museum is an activity
that puts the museums before you by watching it
using a website, or simply open YouTube
Channels and look for the museums of arts:
Local Museum: Art in Island 3D Museum in the
Philippines; Upside Down Museums, Philippines;
International Museum: Great Museums Virtual
Guided Tour: A World of Art: Metropolitan
Museum, and Museum of Modern Art in New
York. Louvre Museum, Paris France.
An art exhibition is traditionally the space in
which art objects meet an audience. The exhibit
is universally understood to be for some
temporary period unless, as is rarely true, it is
stated to be a "permanent exhibition".