Name: ___ANSWER KEY____________________________ Class: ______ Date: _____________________
Exam #10 Review: Acids, Bases, and pH
1. Know the properties of acids and bases. What are their similarities and differences?
Acids
Bases
 Taste sour
 Taste bitter
 React with metals to form hydrogen gas
 Feel slippery
+1
 Contain a hydrogen ion (H )
 Contain a hydroxide ion (OH-1)
 pH value less than 7
 pH value greater than 7



BOTH
change colors of indicators
react with each other to form salt and water
conduct electricity when dissolved in solution (electrolytes)
2. Know the rules for naming acids (binary acid and oxyacid) and name the following below:
Binary acids (only 2 elements): hydro – element – ic acid
REMEMBER:
Oxyacids (contain a polyatomic ion): NO “HYDRO” IN THE NAME
“I ate something icky,
 -ate ion  -ic acid
all nite I was nauseous”
 -ite ion  -ous acid
a. HCl
hydrochloric acid
d. HNO3
nitric acid
b. HF
hydrofluoric acid
e. H3PO4
phosphoric acid
c. HClO2
chlorous acid
f. H2SO3
sulfurous acid
3. Know the rules for naming bases and name the following below:
Element + hydroxide
a. NaOH
sodium hydroxide
c. Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide
b. LiOH
lithium hydroxide
d. Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
4. How are Arrehenius acids and bases defined?
Acids – produce H+1 ions in aqueous solutions
Bases – produce OH-1 ions in aqueous solutions
5. How are Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases defined?
Acids – donate (give away) a H+1 ion (proton)
Bases – accept (take in) a H+1 ion (proton)
6. Show how the following acids and bases ionize:
a. HCl → H+1 + Cl-1
b. NaOH → Na+1 + OH-1
c. H2CO3 → 2H+1 + CO3-2
d. Ba(OH)2 → Ba+2 + 2OH-1
7. If it is a strong acid or base, how much do they ionize in solution?
STRONG acids & bases COMPLETELY ionize (all break apart) in a solution
8. If it is a weak acid or base, how much do they ionize in solution?
WEAK acids & bases do NOT completely ionize
9. What is a neutralization reaction? What products are always produced?
Acid reacts with a base
always produces water and a salt
10. Complete the following neutralization reaction and what type of salt is made:
SA
SB
H2SO4 + KOH →
_____H2O + K2SO4________________________________
Ionization: 2H+1 + SO4-2 + K+1 + OH-1
SA
HBr
+
SB
Sr(OH)2 →
Type of Salt: _____neutral______
______H2O + SrBr2____________________________________
Ionization: H+1 + Br-1 + Sr+1 + 2OH-1
Type of Salt: _____neutral______
11. How can you tell if the salt produced in a neutralization reaction is going to be acidic, neutral, or
basic? Compare strength of acid and base that reacted (if not on list, then it is WEAK)
STRONG acid + STRONG base = NEUTRAL salt
WEAK acid + WEAK base = NEUTRAL salt
STRONG acid + WEAK base = ACIDIC salt
the stronger one
WEAK acid + STRONG base = BASIC salt
wins!
12. What is pH? What ion concentration is measured by the pH scale?
How acidic or basic a substance is
Measures concentration of hydrogen ions (H+1)
13. What are indicators?
Solutions that change colors based on the pH (different colors identify if acid or base)
14. Determine if the following are acids or bases:
a. pH = 7 neutral
c. pH = 3 acid
b. pH = 2 acid
d. pH = 8 base