DISEASES FACT SHEET NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Name of disease Causes or risk factors Symptoms and effects Cancer 癌症 Genetic mutations, uncontrolled cell division Lump on body, weight loss, fatigue, soreness, bleeding Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化 High blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels Chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion Diabetes 糖尿病 Genetics, environmental factors, food habits Blood clots, high blood pressure and cholesterol Asthma 哮喘 Genetics, allergies, respiratory infections Wheezing, chest tightness, difficulties breathing Stroke 中风 Disruption of blood flow to the brain Alzheimer’s disease 阿尔茨海默氏病 Genetics, age-related changes in the brain Paralysis, blurring of vision, trouble speaking or understanding speech, confusion Memory loss, confusion, shortened attention span, loss of brain activity, difficulty with language, loss of physical control Damage to cartilage in joints, autoimmune Joint pain and stiffness, restricted movement of joints, muscle diseases weakness Haemophilia 血友病 Genetic abnormality Excessive bleeding, large bruises, nosebleed, blood in urine Ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎 Food habits, stress Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss Bipolar disorder 躁郁症 Genetics, emotional distress Extreme mood swings, depression Eczema 湿疹 Dry skin, irritants Itching, inflammation of the skin Anaemia 贫血 Reduced production of red blood cells Fatigue, dizziness, pale skin Down’s Syndrome 唐氏综合症 Genetic abnormality Arthritis 关节炎 Flattened face, short neck, slanted eyes, lack of muscle tone, congenital heart defects, hearing loss TRANSMISSIBLE / CONTAGIOUS / INFECTIOUS / COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Name of disease Caused by AIDS 艾滋病 Virus Syphilis 梅毒 Bacteria COVID-19 新冠肺炎 Virus Ebola 埃博拉 Virus Person-to-person contact Measle 麻疹 Virus Droplet transmission Cholera 霍乱 Bacteria Contaminated food and water Tuberculosis 肺结核 Bacteria Airborne droplets Polio 小儿麻痹症 Virus Person-to-person contact Malaria 疟疾 Parasite Transported by mosquitoes Athlete’s foot 香港脚／脚气 Fungus Direct or indirect contact Ringworm 皮癣菌病 Fungus Direct or indirect contact Flu 流感 Virus Meningitis 脑膜炎 Pertussis 百日咳 Mode of transmission Symptoms and effects Blood-to-blood contact, sexual Immune system is damaged, body can be easily intercourse infected by other diseases Sexual intercourse Sores on genitals, rectum or mouth Person-to-person contact, airborne Fever, dry cough, loss of taste, difficulties droplets breathing Person-to-person contact, airborne droplets Virus or Person-to-person contact, airborne bacteria droplets Bacteria Fever, severe bleeding (haemorrhage), multiple organ failure Body rash, white spots in mouth, fever, muscle pain Severe diarrhoea and dehydration, vomiting Persistent cough with blood (more than 2 weeks), chest pain, fever, weight loss Nerve injury leading to paralysis, difficulties breathing High fever, shaking chills, sweating, vomiting Itching or burning between toes, blisters on feet, peeling of skin, dry skin on soles Ring-like red rashes, itchy and inflamed skin Fever, headache, stuffy/runny nose, sneezing Fever, headache, seizures, brain damage Person-to-person contact, airborne Flu-like symptoms, high-pitched cough, droplets vomiting, red and watery eyes
