Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) Agricultural Science
School-Based Assessment
Name of Candidate: Juelicia France
School: J.C ChandiSingh Secondary
Name of Teacher: Doyen George
Center Number: 090019
Candidate’s Number:
Territory: Republic of Guyana
Year: 2023
Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) Agricultural Science
School-Based Assessment
Name of Candidate: Juelicia France
School: J.C ChandiSingh Secondary
Name of Teacher: Doyen George
Center Number: 090019
Candidate’s Number:
Territory: Republic of Guyana
Year: 2023
TABLE OF CONTENT
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………….
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………
Product Specification…………………………………………………………………………
Background Information………………………………………………………………………
Literature Review……………………………………………………………………………….
Statement of Problem……………………………………………………………………………
Title………………………………………………………………………………………………
Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………………………
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………
Experimental Design……………………………………………………………………………
Schedule of Activities. …………………………………………………………………………
Materials and Equipment……………………………………………………………………
Pictures of Materials and Equipment………………………………………………………
Layout of Pen/Plot……………………………………………………………………………….
Description of Activities……………………………………………………………………….
Pictures of Activities……………………………………………………………………………
Data Collection……………………………………………………………………………….
Important Formulas…………………………………………………………………………
Table of Results……………………………………………………………………………….
FCR Table……………………………………………………………………………….
Dressing Weight Table………………………………………………………………………
Calculating Dressing Percentage (%)…………………………………………………………
Discussion……………………………………………………………………………….
Cost Analysis (projected) ………………………………………………………………
Cost Analysis (actual) ……………………………………………………………………………
Cost Analysis (comparison) ………………………………………………………………………
Limitations……………………………………………………………………………….
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….
Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………….
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………….
Appendix……………………………………………………………………………….
Closing Statement…………………………………………………………………………
Marking Scheme……………………………………………………………………………….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher cannot adequately express her gratitude to everyone who assisted her in
finishing this SBA. This mission would not have been possible for her to do alone without
their assistance and encouragement.
Additionally, she would like to express her sincere gratitude to Miss Doyen George and Sir
Steve Pooran her teachers in agricultural science, who have been a tremendous help in
directing her along the road. Finally, she would like to express her gratitude to her parents
and friends for serving as a constant source of inspiration and encouragement...
INTRODUCTION
Name of project: Broiler production
Location: J. C. ChandiSingh Secondary School (Chicken Pen)
Starting date: 20th November 2022
Termination date: February 2023
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Type of poultry: Meat bird
Name of poultry: Broiler
Biological name: Abelmoschus esculentus
LITERATURE REVIEW
The term "broiler" originated in the production of chickens raised for broiling. When you see a
chicken, especially a broiler chicken, you tend to be drawn to it because of its quick growth rate,
early feathering, increased feed conversion efficiency, and appealing flesh color. It is challenging
for broiler production in tropical climates to reach genetic potential due to a number of
limitations. The difficulties that prevent optimal performance include the lack of and high cost of
chicken feed, the high cost of veterinary services, and the harsh weather conditions with regard
to thermal stress. The expansion of the birds. While feed still accounts for a significant portion of
the cost of raising broiler chickens, the sector faces a significant problem due to the limited
availability of feedstuffs, particularly essential feed ingredients like maize and oil seedcakes. In
addition, the primary issue in broiler production in hot and humid climates is the issue of climate
change, which has gained global attention. Feed intake declines, glucose metabolism is
disturbed, and protein synthesis is inefficient at high ambient temperatures. As fat deposition and
oxidative stress rise, lipid utilization declines, and glucose or insulin homeostasis is changed. To
lessen the effects of heat stress on chickens, a variety of techniques are employed. In the past 20
years, there has been an enormous rise in animal production worldwide, particularly in
subtropical and tropical regions (Rigaudeau et al., 2012). Due to a growth in the number of
people, there is a greater need for food (Godfrey et al., 2010). Poultry production, particularly
broiler production, is anticipated to help Africa's urgent demand for animal protein due to its
capacity to provide food and livelihood security (Paswan et al., 2014). (Habab et al., 2019).
Concerns about how climate change would affect animal output are mounting. For instance, the
projected increase in average temperature in West Africa of 2°C to 6°C by the year 2100 (Scylla
et al., 2016) heralds a significant threat to the sustainability of broiler production. According to a
study by Tawfik et al. (2014), broiler chicken performance was negatively impacted by high
ambient temperature. The authors did note, however, that antioxidant supplementation lessened
the effects of heat stress on the birds. As a result, the diets of the birds must be modified to
account for the local climate (Attia & Hassan, 2017; Nir, 1992; Suganya et al., 2015) as well as
the current economic situation in the nations where they are raised.
Zulkifli, I., Htin, N., Alimon, A., Loh, T., & Hair-Bejo, M. (2007). Dietary selection of fat by heat-stressed
broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20(2), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.5713/
ajas.2007.245
The rapid growth of chicken production in tropical nations has also led to a condition of over
dependence on the heat. Fast post hatch growth rate and enhanced feed conversion have received
a lot of attention from intensive broiler chicken selection in recent decades (Tona et al., 2010).
The development of the poultry business was greatly aided by the enhancement of a few key
production features (Tavarez & Solis de los Santos, 2016). The broiler business can now produce
chicken weighing 1.8 kg in 6-7 weeks (Maurer, 2003; Oke et al., 2020). Many strains of broilers
with various physiologies or growth trajectories, or both, have been established as a result of
these advancements (Tona et al., 2003). Cobb and Ross are actually the most extensively
produced broiler breeds utilized for meat production worldwide (Tona et al., 2010). Research
(Jana, 1989).
Feeding strategies for broiler chickens will vary depending on the target market for the final
product. Strategies for feeding broilers destined for the whole bird market will differ from
strategies for broilers destined to be sold as pieces. Furthermore, the nutrient intake of fastgrowing broilers must be carefully controlled to prevent metabolic diseases such as ascites and
leg weakness. Table 2 provides data on typical levels of selected nutrients for broiler diets.
Lemongrass is a potent herb that can help treat insomnia, stomach and respiratory disorders,
fever, and infections. The possible antioxidant activity of the lemongrass may boost the immune
system and protects against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It may even help in
balancing cholesterol levels, managing type 2 diabetes, and promoting healthy skin. It is
extensively used in aromatherapy and helps combat fatigue, anxiety, and bad body odor.
Lemongrass is an herb with a distinct citrusy flavor and aroma. Its scientific name is
Cymbopogon citratus and it belongs to the grass family of Poaceae. It is a tall, perennial grass
native to India and tropical regions of Asia and is alternatively known as Cymbopogon, barbed
wire grass, or even fever grass.
In addition to its culinary usage, this herb offers an array of medicinal benefits and is in
extensive demand due to its anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-microbial properties across
Southeast Asia, Africa, and America.
The genus Cymbopogon comprises 55 species of grasses, two of which are referred to as
lemongrass. These are Cymbopogon citrates, which is famously preferred for culinary use, and
Cymbopogon flexuous, used in the manufacturing of fragrances because of its extended shelf
life, owing to the low amount of myrcene in that variety. Lemongrass contains antioxidants,
flavonoids, and phenolic compounds such as luteolin, glycosides, quercetin, kaempferol,
elemicin, catechol, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. The main component of this fragrant herb
is lemonal or citral, which has antifungal and anti-microbial qualities.
Lemongrass is an aromatic storehouse of essential nutrients providing an array of health benefits.
The USDA Food Data Central shows that it is a source of essential vitamins and minerals such as
vitamin A, B-vitamins, folate, and vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese,
zinc, and iron.
The strong, refreshing flavor of lemongrass is enough reason to try it out in teas and cocktails.
But it’s even better to know how good it is for your health! Here are some of the health benefits
of lemongrass you should know.
Research published in 2011 in Food and Chemical Toxicology journal revealed that the essential
oils in lemongrass possess anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic properties that
support healthy cholesterol levels. One animal study has also shown that lemongrass may assist
in sustaining healthy levels of triglycerides and reducing LDL or bad cholesterol. This may help
in preventing the accumulation of lipids in the blood vessels and promoting an unobstructed flow
of blood in the arteries, thereby preventing various cardiac disorders such as atherosclerosis.
According to a 2003 animal study, lemongrass may help in cleansing and flushing harmful toxic
wastes from the body, because of its diuretic properties. Detoxification may help in the
regulation of various organs of the body, including the liver and kidneys, while also possibly
helping to lower the levels of uric acid. The possible diuretic effect of the herb helps in
increasing the quantity and frequency of urination, which helps in maintaining digestive health
and detoxifying the Research published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology has shown that
lemongrass essential oil has an anti-biofilm capacity and is beneficial against the infection
caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It contains phenols and essential oil, which may disrupt the
growth of infections and germs and help inhibit the formation of biofilms.
Studies have shown that lemongrass essential oil has potentially anti-microbial and anti-bacterial
properties which help in fighting the infections caused by pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori
and Escherichia coli.
It is beneficial in reducing inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders; it may be helpful to
consume to improve digestion and if you suffer from gastric ulcers, constipation, ulcerative
colitis, diarrhea, nausea, and stomachache. Lemongrass is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine
for its healing effects in treating cough and cold. Along with other beneficial components,
vitamin C in it may help in providing relief from nasal blockages, flu, and other respiratory
disorders such as bronchial asthma. Lemongrass is a febrifuge and is also known as the ‘Fever
grass’ due to its beneficial effects in lowering fever. The possible antipyretic and diaphoretic
effect is extensively.
Lemongrass works as an antiseptic and is effective in treating infections such as ringworm, sores,
Athlete’s Foot, scabies, and urinary tract infections (UTI) because of its antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Studies have shown that the herb exerts healing effects on dermatological
infections, such as yeast infections, by inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Another study
provides supporting evidence that demonstrated the efficacy of lemongrass over thyme,
patchouli, and cedarwood oil in the treatment of various diseases such as oral or vaginal
candidiasis.
(Meenakshi Nagdeve last updated - July 16, 2021 Medically reviewed by Vanessa Voltolina
(MS, RD)
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Farmers from Eversham are having difficulties finding the right type of food additive for their
broiler chickens. Due to their lack of knowledge, chickens were being lost and their demand was
dropping. This investigation aims to determine whether normal feed or lemon grass will result in
higher weight, survival ratio and profit.
TITLE
An investigation to find out if broilers will grow faster normal feed or feed mixed with lemon
grass.
HYPOTHESIS
Broilers will grow faster with normal ration than ration mixed with dry lemongrass powder.
OBJECTIVES
Technological objective:
•
To determine feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broiler using the commercial feed and
the additive (Dry Lemon grass)
•
To investigate whether Tl (commercial feed) or T2 (feed mix with Dry powder lemon
grass) will result in higher dressing weight percentage.
•
To investigate whether Tl (commercial feed) or T2 (feed mix with Dry powder lemon
grass) will result in higher mortality rate,
Business objective:
•
To assess the profitability of rearing birds under the two-feeding condition (commercial
feed against commercial with additive).
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
•
All materials were gathered.
•
The old chicken ben was broken down because it was unsuitable for the hosing of chicks.
•
The rubble (zinc and old board) was cleaned up by the investigators.
•
A slaughtering house was built.
•
A new pen was constructed by a team sent by the Ministry of Agriculture.
•
The pen was painted.
•
The brooder was set up by the investigators.
•
50 chicks were brought by the investigators.
•
One heat lamp was placed in the Centre of each compartment.
•
The space requirement for the chicks was calculated.
•
side
The pen was divided into 2 sections with equal spacings with 25 chicks being on each
•
The chicks were released into the separate sections and Treatment 1 (T1) received normal
feed and water while Treatment 2 (T2) received water and feed mixed with lemon grass
•
The weight, height, death rate, survival rate, feed consumption rate and growth rate were
recorded for 7 weeks.