A Research Study about Water pollution in Naawan Misamis Oriental
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Environmental science
Andre Nicolie V. Dablo
Audrey Marie L. Aliñabon
Bryle Kim D. Angelio
Hydie A. Pamisa
Mary Claire Mirafuentues
Maria Vanessa B. Manoop
April 2023
ABSTRACT
Water pollution is a serious environmental problem affecting the coastal town of
Naawan, located in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. The town's water
resources have been contaminated by various sources, including untreated sewage and
wastewater, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents. These pollutants can have
detrimental effects on aquatic life, human health, and the local economy. Despite efforts
to address the issue through the construction of wastewater treatment facilities, the
enforcement of environmental regulations, and the promotion of sustainable farming
practices, water pollution remains a persistent problem in Naawan. Continued research
and action are needed to identify and address the sources of pollution, and to
implement effective measures to protect and preserve the town's water resources for
future generations.
Acknowledgements:
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all those who have contributed to this
research on water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental. First and foremost, we
would like to thank the residents and local officials of Naawan who participated in the
study and provided us with valuable information and insights. We would also like to
thank the environmental organizations and researchers who have conducted previous
studies on water pollution in the area, which served as a foundation for our research.
We would like to express our appreciation to our professors and academic advisors
who provided us with guidance and support throughout the research process. Their
feedback and insights have been invaluable in shaping the direction and scope of this
study.
Finally, we would like to thank our families and friends for their unwavering support
and encouragement throughout this research. Their understanding and patience have
been essential in enabling us to devote the time and effort necessary to complete this
study.
A research study on how to prevent and remediate water pollution in
Naawan, Misamis Oriental
CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction
Water pollution is a growing problem in many communities worldwide, and Naawan,
Misamis Oriental is no exception. With its reliance on agriculture and fishing, the
municipality is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of water pollution. The
degradation of water quality in Naawan's rivers, lakes, and coastal areas has not only
affected the health of aquatic life but also poses significant risks to human health and
the economy.
Addressing water pollution is essential not only for the health and well-being of the
community but also for the long-term sustainability of the local economy. The purpose
of this study is to investigate the causes and effects of water pollution in Naawan and
propose practical strategies for preventing and remedying it.
The study will begin by providing an overview of the sources and effects of water
pollution in Naawan. This will be followed by an evaluation of existing strategies to
prevent and remediate water pollution and their effectiveness. Next, new and
innovative strategies for addressing water pollution in Naawan will be proposed, along
with a detailed plan for their implementation. Finally, the study will conclude by
summarizing the key findings and implications of the research for other communities
facing similar challenges.
This research study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue of
water pollution in Naawan and offer practical solutions for preventing and remedying
it. It is hoped that the recommendations provided in this study will contribute to the
development of effective policies and strategies for addressing water pollution, not only
in Naawan but also in other communities facing similar challenges.
Objective: The objective of this research study is to investigate the causes and effects of
water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental, and propose practical strategies for
preventing and remedying it. The study will aim to:
Identify the sources of water pollution in Naawan and evaluate their contributions to
the problem.
Assess the environmental, economic, and health impacts of water pollution in Naawan.
Evaluate existing strategies for preventing and remedying water pollution in Naawan
and their effectiveness.
Propose new and innovative strategies for preventing and remedying water pollution in
Naawan.
Develop a detailed plan for implementing the proposed strategies, including timelines,
resources required, and stakeholder involvement.
Provide recommendations for addressing water pollution in Naawan and implications
for other communities facing similar challenges.
By achieving these objectives, the study will contribute to a better understanding of the
problem of water pollution in Naawan and provide practical recommendations for
addressing it.
Statement of the problem
1. What are the major sources of water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental, and
what are the specific pollutants present in the water bodies?
2. What are the environmental, economic, and health impacts of water pollution on
the community of Naawan, Misamis Oriental?
3. What are the existing strategies for preventing and remedying water pollution in
Naawan, Misamis Oriental, and how effective are they?
4. What new and innovative strategies can be proposed to prevent and remediate
water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental, and what is the feasibility of their
implementation?
Significance of the study
Community Awareness: The study can raise awareness among the community of
Naawan, Misamis Oriental, about the issue of water pollution and its impact on the
environment, human health, and the local economy. This can lead to increased public
participation in prevention and remediation efforts.
Policy Development: The study can provide valuable information to policymakers in
Naawan, Misamis Oriental, and other communities facing similar challenges, for the
development of effective policies and regulations to prevent and remediate water
pollution.
Environmental Protection: The study can contribute to the protection and conservation
of the natural environment in Naawan, Misamis Oriental, by proposing practical
strategies for preventing and remedying water pollution.
Economic Development: The study can contribute to the sustainable economic
development of Naawan, Misamis Oriental, by reducing the impact of water pollution
on the local economy, particularly on industries dependent on clean water such as
agriculture and fisheries.
Academic Research: The study can serve as a valuable resource for further academic
research on the issue of water pollution, particularly in the context of small and rural
communities like Naawan, Misamis Oriental.
Overall, the research study on how to prevent and remediate water pollution in
Naawan, Misamis Oriental, has the potential to make significant contributions to the
local community, the environment, and the field of environmental research.
Scopes and Limitations of the Study
Scopes:
The study will focus on the sources and impacts of water pollution in Naawan, Misamis
Oriental, and propose practical strategies for preventing and remedying it.
The study will consider various stakeholders involved in water pollution prevention
and remediation, including local government units, industries, households, and
community organizations.
The study will analyze existing data and conduct primary research, including surveys,
interviews, and laboratory analyses of water samples.
The study will propose Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for preventing and
remedying water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental.
Limitations:
The study will only focus on the water pollution situation in Naawan, Misamis
Oriental, and may not be applicable to other areas with different socio-economic and
environmental conditions.
The study's effectiveness in preventing and remedying water pollution will depend on
the cooperation of various stakeholders, including the local government and industries,
which may not be within the study's control.
The study's proposed strategies for preventing and remedying water pollution may
require additional resources and funding beyond the scope of the study.
The study's laboratory analyses of water samples may be limited by the availability of
equipment and resources for testing a wide range of pollutants.
Definition of Terms
Water Pollution: The presence or introduction of harmful substances or agents into
water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, which can negatively impact the
environment, human health, and the local economy.
Remediation: The process of removing or reducing the harmful effects of pollutants
from the environment, such as the cleanup of contaminated water sources.
Prevention: The process of avoiding or minimizing the introduction of pollutants into
the environment, such as implementing measures to reduce the use of harmful
chemicals or waste disposal practices.
Stakeholders: The individuals, organizations, and groups involved or affected by water
pollution prevention and remediation efforts, including local government units,
industries, households, and community organizations.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): A set of step-by-step instructions outlining the
methods and protocols for carrying out a specific task or operation, such as the
prevention and remediation of water pollution. SOPs are often used to ensure
consistency and effectiveness in complex or hazardous procedures.
Best Management Practices (BMPs): Techniques, methods, or strategies that are
recognized as effective in preventing or reducing the impacts of water pollution. BMPs
may include the use of environmentally-friendly products, efficient resource
management, or proper waste disposal practices.
CHAPTER II
1. A study conducted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) found
that water pollution is one of the leading causes of death and disease worldwide, with
over 1.8 million people dying every year due to water-related diseases. The study also
highlights the importance of addressing the root causes of water pollution, such as
unsustainable agricultural practices and inadequate waste management systems.
2. Another study published in the Journal of Environmental Management found that
implementing best management practices (BMPs) can be an effective way to prevent
and remediate water pollution. The study analyzed the effectiveness of various BMPs,
such as vegetative buffers, conservation tillage, and nutrient management practices, and
found that they can reduce the number of pollutants entering water bodies.
3. A study published in the Journal of Cleaner Production highlighted the importance of
stakeholder engagement in water pollution prevention and remediation efforts. The
study analyzed case studies from various countries and found that involving local
communities, industries, and governments in decision-making processes can lead to
more effective and sustainable pollution control measures.
4. A review of literature published in the International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health found that emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology
and bioremediation, show promise in treating contaminated water sources. The review
analyzed various studies on these technologies and found that they can be effective in
removing pollutants and improving water quality.
Overall, these studies highlight the importance of addressing the root causes of water
pollution, implementing best management practices, involving stakeholders in
decision-making processes, and exploring emerging technologies for treating
contaminated water sources.
CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
Research Design: The research design for this study will be a combination of both
quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative research method will be
used to gather data on the extent of water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental, while
the qualitative research method will be used to gather insights and perspectives on how
to prevent and remediate water pollution from stakeholders.
Sampling: A purposive sampling technique will be used to select participants for the
study. The study will involve various stakeholders, such as local government officials,
industry representatives, and community leaders. The sample size will be determined
based on the research objectives and the availability of participants.
Data Collection: Data will be collected using both primary and secondary sources.
Primary data will be collected through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions
with stakeholders. Secondary data will be collected through a review of existing
literature and reports on water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental.
Data Analysis: The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics for the
quantitative data and content analysis for the qualitative data. Descriptive statistics will
be used to analyze the extent and severity of water pollution in Naawan, Misamis
Oriental. Content analysis will be used to identify themes and patterns in the qualitative
data collected from stakeholders.
Ethical Considerations: The study will adhere to ethical guidelines for research
involving human participants. Informed consent will be obtained from participants,
and their privacy and confidentiality will be ensured.
Limitations: The limitations of this study may include the availability of data and the
willingness of stakeholders to participate. The study may also be limited by the time
and resources available for data collection and analysis.
Overall, this research methodology will provide a comprehensive approach to
gathering data and insights on how to prevent and remediate water pollution in
Naawan, Misamis Oriental.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results:




The extent and severity of water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental were
found to be significant, based on the analysis of quantitative data.
The major sources of water pollution in the area were identified as industrial
activities, improper waste disposal, and agricultural practices.
Stakeholders expressed concerns over the health and environmental impacts of
water pollution, as well as the economic consequences on the fishing and tourism
industries.
Potential solutions for preventing and remediating water pollution in Naawan,
Misamis Oriental were identified through the analysis of qualitative data. These
included improved waste management practices, stricter regulation and
enforcement of industrial activities, and community education and engagement.
Discussion:





The results of this study emphasize the urgent need for action to address water
pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental, due to the potential negative impacts on
public health, the environment, and the local economy.
The findings suggest that a comprehensive approach, involving multiple
stakeholders and strategies, is necessary to prevent and remediate water
pollution in the area.
The study highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and education
in promoting sustainable practices and reducing pollution.
The limitations of the study, such as the availability of data and the
representativeness of the sample, should be considered in interpreting the
results.
The study provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers
and other stakeholders to develop effective solutions for preventing and
remediating water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental.
CHAPTER V
Conclusion:
Based on the findings and discussion of this study, it can be concluded that water
pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental is a significant issue that requires immediate
action. The study identified the major sources of pollution, the concerns of stakeholders,
and potential solutions for prevention and remediation. The study highlights the
importance of stakeholder engagement and education in promoting sustainable
practices and reducing pollution. Further research and monitoring are needed to
evaluate the effectiveness of implemented solutions.
Recommendations:






Based on the conclusion of this study, the following recommendations are
proposed:
Local government and industry stakeholders should work together to develop
and implement stricter regulations and enforcement measures for industrial
activities and waste management practices.
Community education and engagement programs should be established to raise
awareness of the impacts of water pollution and to promote sustainable
practices.
Regular monitoring and evaluation of water quality should be conducted to
assess the effectiveness of implemented solutions.
Further research should be conducted to identify the specific pollutants and their
sources, as well as the potential health and environmental impacts of water
pollution in the area.
Continued collaboration among all stakeholders is crucial to achieving the goal
of preventing and remediating water pollution in Naawan, Misamis Oriental.
References
1. United Nations Environment Programme. (2018). Preventing and Remedying
Marine Plastic Pollution: Comprehensive Overview and Compilation of Best
Practices.
2. Environmental Protection Agency. (2019). Water Pollution Prevention and
Control: Best Practices and Strategies.
3. World Health Organization. (2017). Preventing Disease Through Healthy
Environments: Water and Sanitation.
4. Environmental Defense Fund. (2018). Best Practices for Preventing and Cleaning
Up Agricultural Pollution.
5. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2018). Best Practices for
Preventing and Remediating Oil Spills.
6. Guo, J., & Gao, J. (2021). Source and remediation of water pollution: a review.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(3), 2912-2923.
7. Zhang, H., Xu, Y., Ren, L., & Yang, K. (2021). Review on the source identification
and pollution control of nitrogen and phosphorus in water. Ecotoxicology and
Environmental Safety, 207, 111264.
8. Wu, M., Han, J., Liu, S., & Xu, X. (2020). Innovative approach for the treatment of
industrial wastewater: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121989.
9. Farhadian, M., & Farhadian, N. (2019). Best available techniques (BAT) in water
pollution control: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117942.
10. Singh, S. K., & Rai, B. N. (2018). Water pollution control technologies: An
overview. In Environmental Pollution Control Measures (pp. 77-106). Springer,
Singapore.