Name:_______________________________________________________________________Date:_______Class:______
APWH|Unit 8 “Cold War and Decolonization”
Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course.
Vocabulary for Section 8.1-8.2
Key term/event
The “Big Three”
The Tehran Conference
The Yalta Conference
The Potsdam
Conference
Superpowers
Cold War
Hydrogen Bomb
Military-industrial
complex
Self-determination
United Nations
Iron Curtain
Satellite Countries
Significance
World Revolution
Containment
The Marshall Plan
Space Race
Section 8.1: Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization
Objective
Key Developments
Explain the historical
context of the Cold War
after 1945.
Bringing the War to an End
Who was in the “Big Three”?
There were three meetings after WWII between the “Big Three”. Describe what occurred in each of
the meetings:
Tehran Conference
Yalta Conference
The Potsdam Conference
Explain how these meetings could “set the stage” for the Cold War.
Shifting Balance of Power
Why were Europe and Asia not leaders after WWII. What did a lot of countries “flee” to?
Which major countries were devastated the most? What did countries like France and Great Britain
lose during the war?
What were 3 factors that positioned the United States to become one of the most powerful countries
in the world in the aftermath of WWII?
1.
2.
3.
Advances During the War
What were some of the advancements in universities in the US that were invented during the wartime
period?
The Start of the Cold War
There were obvious tensions between the Soviet Union and the US, but why would they not fight each
other militarily?
What did they do instead? What did they both create?
Breakdown of Empires
What did many of the colonies of major countries believe in after WWII and during the Cold War?
Which two empires crumbled? What was the result of their crumbling?
Foundations for dismantling of colonial empires:
● In the colonized world, movements for_____________________________ grew. Often they
included both advocates for ____________________________ and proponents of
___________________________.
● World War II had so weakened _______________________ and ______________________,
and the other colonial powers that they had fewer resources to resist independence.
● The Cold War between the US and the Society Union gave
___________________________________ two superpowers to recruit as supporters.
Section 8.2: The Cold War
Objective
Key Developments
Explain the causes and
effects of the ideological
struggle of the Cold War
Cooperation Despite Conflict: The United Nations
Despite ideological differences, what did ALL the Allies agree upon?
Explain why the League of Nations failed.
Rivalry in Economics and Politics
What did the “Iron Curtain” represent?
A. Capitalism and Communism
Explain the key differences between the USA’s capitalism and the USSR’s communism.
Capitalism
Communism
Explain the key differences between the USA's democracy and the USSR’s Authoritarianism.
Democracy
Authoritarianism
Explain the similarities between the two superpowers.
Conflicts in International Affairs
What did each side want to do? What was the result?
A. The USSR and Its Satellite Countries
What did the USSR make the satellite countries they had do to compete with the USA?
What did these actions allow the USSR to exploit?
B. World Revolution
What was the threat to the USSR according to them starting in 1918?
What were some of the revolutions that the USSR supported?
C. Containment
What is the policy of containment?
How did many people want to take the policy of containment “a step further”?
D. Truman Doctrine
What were the main ideas of the Truman Doctrine?
Where specifically did the Truman Doctrine want to be instilled in?
E. Marshall Plan
What was the Marshall Plan?
Why was the Marshall Plan created and what was it meant to stop?
What did the Soviet Union also create in lieu of the Marshall Plan? What did it do?
The Space Race and the Arms Race
A. Space Race
What was the first artificial satellite called?
Who built it? What did it make the other superpower do?
B. Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
What did both countries figure out would happen if each of them set off their ICBM’s?
The Non-Aligned Movement
Where did many of the countries come from who wanted to stay out of the US-Soviet Cold War?
Explain what they wanted.
Who was a part of the Bandung Conference and what came out of it?
Explain some of the challenges the Non-Aligned Movement faced:
Non-Aligned Movement Examples
Country
Leader
India
Jawaharial
Nehru
Ghana
Kwame
Nkrumah
Egypt
Gamal
Abdel
Nasser
Indonesia
Sukarno
Vocabulary for Section 8.3
Key term/event
Proxy wars
Berlin Airlift
Berlin Wall
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
Warsaw Pact
Significance
Role
Communist bloc
Domino Theory
Anti Nuclear weapons
movement
Objective
Key Developments
Compare the ways in
which the United States
and the Soviet Union
sought to maintain
influence over the course
of the Cold War.
Introduction
What were some of the examples of “proxy wars.”
Allied Occupation of Germany
*City of Berlin split after WWII
Explain the significance of each event:
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Airlift
NATO, The Warsaw Pact, and Other Alliances
Two Germanys
(Split between East
and West)
Berlin Wall
Who was involved in NATO and what were the goals of it?
What was the Soviet’s response to NATO? What was created?
What is SEATO? Who was involved?
What is CENTO? Who was involved?
Proxy Wars
A. Korean War
How did the Korean War begin?
What was the UN’s response and who did they support?
How did the war end?
B. Vietnam War
What happened under US President Dwight D. Eisenhower?
What happened under US President John F. Kennedy?
What happened under US President Lyndon B. Johnson? What did he believe in also?
C. The Bay of Pigs Crisis
● _______________________ and other Communist revolutionaries overthrew the Cuban
dictator ______________________ in 1959.
● Castro set up a ___________________.
After Cuba nationalized businesses, what was the US’s response?
After the US’s response, what did the Cuban government do?
What did JFK end up doing in response to a communist government set up 90 miles away from the
coast of Florida?
What effects did the Bay of Pigs have on US relations with Cuba?
D. The Cuban Missile Crisis
What did Nikita Khruschev do in response to the Bay of Pigs debacle?
What was Khruschev’s rationale?
What was set up during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Explain the significance of each:
Test-Ban Treaty
Antinuclear Weapon Movement
What is it?
Who was involved in the movement?
Angola
Contra War
SBMCQ’s Answers
1. ___________________
Vocabulary for Section 8.4 & 8.5
Key term/event
Significance
Land reform
Mao Zedong
Communes
Red Guards
Theocracy
The Muslim League
Charles De Gaulle
Viet Cong
Ho Chi Minh
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Suez Crisis
The “Quiet” Revolution
Section 8.4: Spread of Communism after 1900 CE
Objective
Key Developments
2. _______________
3. ___________________
Explain the causes and
consequences of China’s
adoption of communism.
Introduction
What did most socialists or communists seek to make more of?
Most communist/socialists countries used _______________ to make this happen.
Communism in China
A. Great Leap Forward
Describe how Mao Zedong and the communists rose to popularity in China.
What were the goals of the Great Leap Forward?
What were the results of the Great Leap Forward?
B. Cultural Revolution
What was Mao attempting to do with the Cultural Revolution?
Explain the significance of the Red Guard and reeducation camps.
C. Relations with the Soviets
Circle one: What was the relationship like between China and the USSR? Hostile or Peaceful
What events led to this relationship?
Turmoil in Iran
Both _____________________ and ____________________ fought for control of the area of Iran in
early 20th century.
A. Foreign Influence
● Early in WWII, the Iranian leader considered supporting _____________________
● _______________ & ________________ were determined to not let that happen.
● They forced the leader to abdicate power to his young son, ____________________________
What ended up happening to the young Iranian leader? What did the Iranian people see the leader as?
What was the US & British response to this event?
B. Land Reform in the White Revolution
Why was it called the White Revolution? What aspects were changed?
The most important reform dealt with __________________________.
C. The Iranian Revolution
In 1979, what signified the revolution?
After the toppling of the shah, what new government type was instituted?
What religious text was used for all law?
D. Guatemala
● A democratically elected government under _______________ in the Central American
country of Guatemala began efforts at ______________________.
● Feeling threatened, the _____________________ lobbied the US government to remove the
____________________
● In ________________, he was overthrown
Land Reform in Asia and Africa
A. Vietnam
● During WWII, Japan occupied Vietnam, which __________ still claimed as a colony
● At the end of the war in 1945, Vietnam ______________________from both Japan and
France.
● A few people controlled most of the land
● ____________________ vowed to seize land from large landowners
B.
Ethiopia
● Ethiopia was originally under _____________ occupation
● __________________ returned to power under WWII.
● Ethiopia enjoyed economic success based off of ____________________
● This led to ____________________ political and cultural reforms
● Selassie was unable to effectively implement ___________________ and his people started
seeing him as a _____________________ puppet
Who ended up rising to power? What did he order? And what did he declare the government of
Ethiopia as now?
C.
India
● India was under ______________________ since 1858
● Changed with the Independence movement leaded by ___________________
● In 1947, India was partitioned, creating two states ________________________ &
________________________
Create a timeline of land reform in India and Pakistan.
Section 8.5: Decolonization after 1900
Objective
Key Developments
Compare the processes
by which various peoples
pursued independence
after 1900.
Introduction
There are basically two ways nations started to decolonize and gain independence, the first way is how
India gained their independence, through _________________________.
The second way is how Angola gained their independence and that is through
____________________________.
Movements for Autonomy: India and Pakistan
1. The self-rule of India began in the 19th century under the Indian National Congress with its leader,
Mohandas Gandhi.
●
What were the independence tactics of the Indian National Congress?
●
What did the Muslim League advocate for?
●
When Britain failed to follow through on promises for more rights for Indians, what did Indian
people do? Example?
●
What resulted in the division between the Muslims and the Hindus of Indian?
Decolonization in Ghana and Algeria
Leaders and
Methods of
Independence
(Armed Struggle or
Political Negotiation)
Major Events and Nationalist
parties/organizations that assisted
in Independence
Legacy & Outcomes
What occurred after
independence? What
were the successes
and/or struggles of the
nation? How have they
dealt with the legacy of
colonialism?
Algeria
(France)
Ghana
(Great
Britain)
Negotiated Independence in French West Africa
1. What countries were involved in French West Africa?.
2.
Why was France reluctant to give up colonies in this area?
3.
What resulted in the independence movements?
Nationalism and Division in Vietnam
● Who was the Vietnamese Communist leader?
●
What was the result of the Vietnamese war of independence?
●
Who came into aid the French troops?
●
Who were the Viet Cong?
●
What resulted in the US taking over fighting in the Vietnam War?
Struggles and Compromise in Egypt
●
Explain who Nasser was and what his goals were.
●
Explain the Suez Crisis and the results of it.
Independence and Civil War in Nigeria
● What was the Biafran Civil War?
●
What did the Igbos seek?
●
What was the result of the Igbos’ secession?
●
Explain what the government did to prevent tribalism.
Canada and the “Silent Revolution” in Quebec
● Explain the historical context of colonial Quebec, Canda
●
Explain the Quiet Revolution and what the results were of it.
SBMCQ’s Answers
1. ___________________
2. _______________
SBMCQ’s Answers
4. ___________________
5. _______________
3. __________________
8.6 Vocabulary for Sections 8.6 & 8.7
Key term/event
Zionist Movement
Six-Day War
Yom Kippur War
Camp David Accords
Palestinian Liberation
Organization (PLO)
Khmer Rouge
Kashmir
Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Metropole
Martin Luther King Jr.
(MLK)
Nelson Mandela
Prague Spring
Brezhnev Doctrine
Significance
Kent State University
Irish Republican Army
(IRA)
Ulster Defence
Association
Osama Bin Laden
September 11th (9/11)
Section 8.6: Newly Independent States
Objective
Key Developments
Explain how political
changes in the period
from c. 1900 to the
present led to territorial,
demographic, and
nationalist
developments.
How did the Zionist movement contribute to the birth of Israel?
Birth of Israel
What did the Balfour Declaration propose for Jews?
What did the Balfour Declaration intend for non-Jews?
Describe how the events of 1948 led to Israel becoming its own country.
Multiple Wars
Which countries supported Israel?
Which countries supported Palestine?
What was the result of the Six-Day War?
Israeli-Egyptian Peace
Why did Palestine and several Arab states reject the Camp David Accords?
What were the goals of the PLO?
Ongoing Violence
Who were the Fatahs?
Who were the Hamas?
What was Palestine angry about in regards to Israel?
Cambodia Gain Independence and Survives Wars
What did Khmer Rouge do in Cambodia?
What were the results of the peace agreement between Cambodia and Vietnam in 1991?
India and Pakistan Become Separate Countries
In 1947, the British divided colonial India in 2 countries:
● India, which was mostly __________________ (religion)
● Pakistan, which was mostly __________________ (religion)
How many people moved between India and Pakistan at this time?
Describe Pakistan and India’s relationship after partition.
Kashmir Conflict
Describe the Kashmir Conflict
Explain the economic
changes and continuities
resulting from the
process of
decolonization
Women Gain Power in South Asia
Country
Sri Lanka
India
Female Leader
Accomplishments
Pakistan
Tanzania Modernizes
What did the Arusha Declaration of 1967 summarize?
What were some of Nyerere’s successes as president of Tanzania?
Emigration from Newer Countries to Older Ones
What were some major “hot spots” in the world that became “metropole”?
Why did citizens of newly independent countries emigrate to their former colonizing country
(example: Algeria -> France)?
Section 8.7:Global Resistance to Established Power Structures After 1900
Objective
Key Developments
Explain various reactions
to existing power
structures in the period
after 1900.
Nonviolent Resistance as a Path to Change
Leader
Mohandas
Gandhi
Martin
Luther King
Jr.
Nelson
Mandela
Country they
changed
How were they NON-Violent and how did that lead to change?
Challenges to Soviet Power in Eastern Europe
Poland
Describe Wladyslaw Gomulka’s time as secretary of the Polish Communist Party.
Hungary
Describe Imre Nagy’’s time as political leader of Hungary.
Czechoslovakia
What demands of the people did Alexander Dubcek give in to?
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine used for?
1968: The Year of Revolt
List the countries that revolted in 1968
What caused many of the protests and revolts in 1968?
France
Describe the student movement in France in 1968.
The United States
What were people protesting for in the United States in 1968?
An Age of Terrorism
What replaced most of the large-scale open-conflict (war) between sovereign states after the Cold
War?
Conflict in Northern Ireland
What denomination of Chrsitianity were people in most of Ireland?
What denomination of Chrsitianity were people in Northern Ireland?
What terrorist acts did some members of the IRA commit in London?
Separatists in Spain
Who were Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA)?
What was ETA’s goal?
Peru’s Shining Path
What was the Shining Path’s goal?
Islamic Terrorism
What are the names of the Islamic terrorist groups in the section?
Which Islamic terrorist group was the the deadliest?
How were they funded?
Terrorism in the United States
Aside from 9/11, who was responsible for the majority of the terrorist attacks in the United States?
Response of Militarized States
The Franco Dictatorship in Spain
Why did the United States support Francisco Franco in spite of his human rights violations?
What did Spain do when Franco died?
Intensified Conflict In Uganda Under Idi Amin
Describe Idi Amin’s time as president of Uganda?
The Military-Industrial Complex
Conflicts around the world intensified because of ___________________ and _________________.
Describe a military-industrial complex
Vocabulary for 8.8 & 8.9
Key term/event
Significance
Ronald Reagan
Mikhail Gorbachev
détente
Strategic Arms
Limitation Treaty (SALT)
Strategic Defense
Initiative (SDI)
Perestroika
Glasnost
Intermediate-Range
Nuclear Forces Treaty
(INF)
Section 8.8: End of the Cold War
Objective
Key Developments
Explain the causes of the
end of the Cold War.
The Final Decades of the Cold War
What was the fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union?
Détente and a Colder War
Define détente.
What did Richard Nixon do that represented détente in Soviet Union and China
Describe the challenges the USSR faced in the 1960’s and 1970’s.
What issues was the United States having in the 1960’s and 1970’s
What actions ended détente?
Soviet-Afghan War
How did the Soviet-Afghan war contribute to the fall of the Soveit Union?
Reagan and Gorbachev
What did Reagan do in the 1980's to upset the Soviet Union?
What was the purpose of the Strategic Defense Initiative?
How did Soviet Union respond to the SDI?
The Thaw
What is perestroika?
What is glasnost?
What did the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) aim to accomplish?
The End of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev reduced the Soviet Union’s involvement in their satellite states. What did that lead to in
Eastern Europe and East and West Germany?
The Spread of Reforms
What did Lithuania, Georgia, and other Soviet republics do as a result of the democratic reforms
sweeping through Eastern Europe?
What happened in 1991 in regards to the Soviet Union and the Cold War?
New Challenges
Explain the challenges that occurred as a result of the fall of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War.
So, what caused the end of the Cold War