Digital Literacy Chapter 2 Staying safe online Topic 2.1 Collecting data Online data Collection Internet/website Cookies Play Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zZ6dnW5Nic How data is collected online Online registrations Online shopping Is this site secure? Cookies What is a cookie? 1. 2. 3. 4. Essential cookies Performance cookies Functionality cookies Advertising cookies What are the Cookies used for? Cookies and the law Cookie policy Activity pg. 37 Good Uses of Cookies Bad Uses of cookies Topic 2.3 Danger Online Cybercrime Course Content • Cybercrime and cybercriminal • Cybercrime Methods 1. 2. 3. 4. Identity Theft Phishing Scamming Hacking • Types of hacker • Test: What type of hacker he is? • Malware • • • • • Virus Trojan Ransomware Spyware Adware Cybercrime and cybercriminal • Cybercrime is any illegal activity done using computer or a network. • Cybercrime is criminal activity that either targets or uses a computer, a computer network or a networked device. Most, but not all, cybercrime is committed by cybercriminals or hackers who want to make money. Cybercrime is carried out by individuals or organizations. • Rarely, cybercrime aims to damage computers for reasons other than profit. These could be political or personal. (www.kaspersky.com) Cybercrime Methods 1. 2. 3. 4. Identity Theft Phishing Scamming Hacking 1. Identity theft • Identity theft is the crime of obtaining the personal or financial information of another person to use their identity to commit fraud, such as making unauthorized transactions or purchases. Identity theft is committed in many different ways and its victims are typically left with damage to their credit, finances, and reputation. Types of Identity theft are • • • • Financial identity theft Social Security identity theft Medical identity theft Synthetic identity theft 2. Phishing • A phishing campaign is when spam emails, or other forms of communication, are sent, with the intention of tricking recipients into doing something that undermines their security or the security of the organization they work for. • Phishing campaign messages may contain infected attachments or links to malicious sites. Or they may ask the receiver to respond with confidential information 2. Phishing cont… • A famous example of a phishing scam from 2018 was one which took place over the World Cup. According to reports by Inc, the World Cup phishing scam involved emails that were sent to football fans. • These spam emails tried to entice fans with fake free trips to Moscow, where the World Cup was being hosted. People who opened and clicked on the links contained in these emails had their personal data stolen. Scamming • A criminal sends out an email that asks for money by different methods. Email may contains a threat that you owes money and will have to go to court if you don’t pay debt. • They might get in touch by phone, postal mail, text, or social media. Protect your money and your identity. Don't share personal information like your bank account number, Social Security number, or date of birth. • It can also offer something at a very low price or ask for donation • or tell you that your relative died who lived somewhere else and has left money for you. You have to pay the transaction fee or legal procedure fee. Hacking • Hacking means compromising computer systems, personal accounts, computer networks, or digital devices. • Criminals breaks into a computer. Usually to steal files or Personal information. • Hacking term basically was used for people use high level skill to overcome a challenge or hurdle. • In 1986 this terms was used for computer hackers when computer became available to general public. Types of hacker • Black hat • White hat • Gray Hat Test: What type of hacker he is? Choose your answer • White Hat • Black Hat • Gray Hat Image From A Hacked Internet-Enabled Baby Monitor In A Home In Cincinnati, Ohio Where A Man Was Screaming “Wake Up Baby!” At A 10-Month-Old Girl Malware • Malware is a software that a criminal installs on a computer. • A malware attack is where a computer system or network is infected with a computer virus or other type of malware. • A computer compromised by malware could be used by cybercriminals for several purposes. These include stealing confidential data, using the computer to carry out other criminal acts, or causing damage to data. Virus • Virus spreads and infects files that it meets. Some of them are harmless as they only cause pop up messages other might destroy data or steal personal information. Trojan • In computing, a Trojan horse[a] (or simply trojan)[b] is any malware which misleads users of its true intent. The term is derived from the Ancient Greek story of the deceptive Trojan Horse that led to the fall of the city of Troy. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)) • . A Trojan is designed to damage, disrupt, steal, or in general inflict some other harmful action on your data or network. • A Trojan acts like a bona fide application or file to trick you. It seeks to deceive you into loading and executing the malware on your device. Once installed, a Trojan can perform the action it was designed for. Ransomware • Ransomware is a type of malware used to extort money by holding the victim’s data or device to ransom. WannaCry is type of ransomware which targeted a vulnerability in computers running Microsoft Windows. • When the WannaCry ransomware attack hit, 230,000 computers were affected across 150 countries. Users were locked out of their files and sent a message demanding that they pay a BitCoin ransom to regain access. • Worldwide, the WannaCry cybercrime is estimated to have caused $4 billion in financial losses. Spyware • Spyware is loosely defined as malicious software designed to enter your computer device, gather data about you, and forward it to a third-party without your consent. Spyware can also refer to legitimate software that monitors your data for commercial purposes like advertising. • Step-by-step, spyware will take the following actions on your computer or mobile device: 1. Infiltrate — via an app install package, malicious website, or file attachment. 2. Monitor and capture data — via keystrokes, screen captures, and other tracking codes. 3. Send stolen data — to the spyware author, to be used directly or sold to other parties. Adware • Adware is unwanted software designed to throw advertisements up on your screen, most often within a web browser. • Adware generates revenue for its developer by automatically displaying online advertisements in the user interface of the software or on a screen that pops up in the user’s face during the installation process. And that’s when you start seeing dubious miracle weight loss programs, offers for get-rich-quick secrets, and bogus virus warnings that invite your click. 2.3 Protect your computer Anti-Virus Software and its working • Antivirus software scans your computer for malware and monitors your system for activity associated with viruses. Firewall • A firewall is software or firmware that prevents unauthorized access to a network. It inspects incoming and outgoing traffic using a set of rules to identify and block threats. • Firewalls are used in both personal and enterprise settings, and many devices come with one built-in, including Mac, Windows, and Linux computers. They are widely considered an essential component of network security. Firewall How does a firewall works • A firewall establishes a border between an external network and the network it guards. It is inserted inline across a network connection and inspects all packets entering and leaving the guarded network. As it inspects, it uses a set of pre-configured rules to distinguish between benign and malicious packets. • Rule sets can be based on several things indicated by packet data, including: • Their source. • Their destination. • Their content. Test: Which police women is AV an which one is firewall Anti-virus Firewall Using your computers safely Test: What should we do • You were surfing on internet and this message suddenly popped Cyberbullying • Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. Cyberbullying can occur through SMS, Text, and apps, or online in social media, forums, or gaming where people can view, participate in, or share content. Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or mean content about someone else. It can include sharing personal or private information about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation. Some cyberbullying crosses the line into unlawful or criminal behavior. Cyberbullying places • The most common places where cyberbullying occurs are: • Social Media, such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tik Tok • Text messaging and messaging apps on mobile or tablet devices • Instant messaging, direct messaging, and online chatting over the internet • Online forums, chat rooms, and message boards, such as Reddit • Email • Online gaming communities Harassment • Harassing someone is a common method of online bullying. Participating in text wars or text attacks, which occur when bullies gang up on the victim and send thousands of texts. • Posting rumors, threats, or embarrassing information on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Impersonation • Change the target’s online profile to include sexual, racist, or other inappropriate things. • Develop a screen name that is similar to the victim’s screen name and then post rude or hurtful remarks while pretending to be the victim. Exclusion: • It is the act of intentionally singling out and leaving a person out from an online group such as chats and sites Dissing • Dissing refers to the act of a bully spreading cruel untrue information about their target through public posts or private messages to either ruin their reputation or relationships with other people. In these situations, the bully tends to have a personal relationship with the victim, either as an acquaintance or as a friend. Photographs • Cyberbullies may use photos and images to cyberbully others. • Posting embracing pictures on photo sharing sites for anyone on the internet to view and download. • Sending mass emails or text messages that include degrading photos of the victim Question Posting rumors, threats, or embarrassing information on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram is A. Exclusion B. Photographs C. Harassment D. Dissing A B C D That’s Right Harassing someone is a common method of online bullying. Participating in text wars or text attacks, which occur when bullies gang up on the victim and send thousands of texts. Posting rumors, threats, or embarrassing information on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Wrong Answer Harassing someone is a common method of online bullying. Participating in text wars or text attacks, which occur when bullies gang up on the victim and send thousands of texts. Posting rumors, threats, or embarrassing information on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Describe the picture Intellectual Property Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. (www.wipo.int) • Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. (https://en.wikipedia.org) Types of Intellectual Property • Copyright • Means we have the right to copy our work. • Other people must ack permission before they can use it. • It helps the copyright owner to control reproduction, performance, adaptations, and distribution of the work. Examples of such works are- literature, drawings, paintings, songs, music, computer software, films, photos, web content, etc. • We automatically have the copyright of any work we create • Like I have the copyright of this powerpoint. Types of Intellectual Property • Trade mark • It protects brands. • Under the law, a trademark is anything by which customers recognize a brand or the source of a product. • A trademark offers legal protection for logo, design, symbol, phrase, wordmarks, or a combination of those that represents a source of goods or services. Credits: Legalwiz Types of Intellectual Property • Patent • Inventors use patents to protect their inventions. • A patent stops other people form copying and invention and claiming it as their own idea Types of Intellectual Property • Registered design • This is used to protect designs like wall papers and carpet patterns. • Registered Design refers to the configuration, pattern, or ornamentation which when applied to a product gives the product a unique appearance. • we can register a design but it must be new and distinctive. • The Coca Cola bottle, even without any text or branding was registered in 2009 in Japan being the first of its kind. What could be the trade mark of Cadbury? • Their specific purple color What copyright mean to us • We can legally use someone's work if • We have purchased their work like a game or music, they will give us a license. Which helps us to know what we can do and can’t do with the work • The owner had given permission, he/she will tell us what we can do and can’t do with the work Software piracy • Copyright theft is a type of cyber crime. • Criminals make copies of music, games and films. • When software is illegally copied and sold, its called software piracy. How does it effects creator? Activity • Copy an image of giraffe from internet and paste it in MS word file. Creative Common • This license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted "work". • A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that the author has created. Giving Credit • Giving credit to the sources we used creating a text is important for several reasons. 1. It adds to our own credibility as an author by showing we have done appropriate research on your topic and approached your work ethically. 2. It gives credit to the original author and their work for the ideas we found to be useful, and in giving them credit it helps we avoid unintentionally plagiarizing their work. 3. It gives our readers additional resources that they can go to if they want to read further our topic. How to give credit • Credit includes these four pieces of information Author Article or webpage title Website Publishing Date of article • For the previous slide credit will look like this; • Openoregon press books, Crediting and Citing Your Sources,openoregon.pressbooks.pub/ Give credit for the picture you have copied References • https://us.norton.com/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/ • https://www.ecomputerz.com/private-vpn.html • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Horse • https://www.kaspersky.com/resourcecenter/threats/spyware • https://www.malwarebytes.com/adware • https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/firewall References • https://www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/bullying-andcyberbullying.htm • https://www.educationalappstore.com/blog/common-wayscyberbullying/ • https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it • https://www.wipo.int/aboutip/en/#:~:text=Intellectual%20property%20(IP)%20refers%2 0to,and%20images%20used%20in%20commerce. • https://justcreative.com/copyright-patents-trademarks-registereddesigns/ • https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/wrd/chapter/crediting-yoursources/ •
