Biology past paper
Question
In the diagram, which part of the membrane structure does the molecule below form
1)A
2)B
3)C
4)D
Questio
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In the diagram, which structure is an intrinsic or integral protein?
Questio
The cell membrane model proposed by Davson–Danielli was a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched
between two layers of globular protein. Which evidence led to the acceptance of the Singer–
Nicolson model
A. The orientation of the hydrophilic phospholipid heads towards the protein
B. The formation of a hydrophobic region on the surface of the membran
C. The placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membran
D. The interactions due to amphipathic properties of phospholipid
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What are the parts of the cell membrane indicated in the diagram
Questio
A number of different proteins are involved in nerve function. Which of the following does not
require a membrane protein
A. Active transport of sodiu
B. Diffusion of K+ into the cel
C. Diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the synaps
D. Binding of the neurotransmitter to the post-synaptic membran
What is the approximate thickness of the plasma membrane of a cell
A. 10 n
B. 50 n
C. 10 µ
D. 50 µ
Which process is possible due to the uidity of cell membranes
A. Endocytosi
B. Osmosi
C. ATP productio
D. Cell recognitio
The diagram below shows a plasma membrane. What is molecule X
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A. Cholestero
B. Peripheral protei
C. Glycoprotei
D. Polar amino aci
Questio
What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells
A. It increases body fat
B. It controls membrane uidity
C. It lines the inner wall of capillaries
Questio
The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system.
The graph shows the percentage of samples in which this bacterium showed resistance to six
antibiotics over a period of ten years
What is a possible explanation for the total percentage resistance being larger than 100% in 2010
A. People do not take the antibiotics as prescribed
B. More people have been sampled in that year
C. There was an epidemic of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in that year
D. Some bacteria are resistant to more than one antibiotic
What feature of cell membranes allows endocytosis to occur
A. Fluidity of phospholipid bilaye
B. Presence of protein pump
C. Presence of carrier protein
D. Glycoprotein binding site
Questio
Which substance is used for structure in plants
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A. Amylopecti
B. Cellulos
C. Collage
D. Starc
Questio
The diagram shows a plasma membrane
Which molecule is labelled X
A. Cholestero
B. Glycoprotei
C. Phospholipi
D. Amylas
Questio
Which are functions of membrane proteins
A. Hormone binding sites and DNA replicatio
B. Cell adhesion and translatio
C. Cell to cell communication and protein pump
D. Passive transport and glycosi
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Questio
Which evidence falsi es the Davson–Danielli model
I. The presence of globular proteins within the phospholipid bilaye
II. Non-polar amino acids cause proteins to remain embedded in membrane
III. Membrane proteins remain in a xed position inside a membran
A. I onl
B. I and II onl
C. II and III onl
D. I, II and II
Questio
Dialysis membrane was set up to model digestion and absorption in the small intestine
What is a limitation of this model
A. There can be no active transport
B. Maltose will pass through the membrane
C. Lipase should be present with protein
D. The membrane is not permeable to starc
Questio
The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding
medium becomes 5 %. What will be the likely response?
A. The cell will gain water from the medium
B. The cell will lose salt to the medium
C. The cell will remain unchanged
D. The cell will shrink from loss of water
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Questio
What is osmosis
A. The movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentratio
B. The movement of solutes through a membrane from a high to a low water concentratio
C. The movement of water through a membrane from a high to a low solute concentratio
D. The movement of solutes through a membrane from a low to a high water concentratio
Questio
Which movement occurs by osmosis
A. Oxygen from alveoli into the bloo
B. Water from a leaf into the atmospher
C. Water from soil to roo
D. Nitrate ions from soil to roo
Questio
Which process contributes to growth of a multicellular body
A. Exocytosi
B. Meiosi
C. Mitosi
D. Osmosi
Questio
What do diffusion and osmosis have in common
A. They only happen in living cells
B. They require transport proteins in the membrane
C. They are passive transport mechanisms
D. Net movement of substances is against the concentration gradient
Questio
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
Questio
What route is used to export proteins from the cell
A. Golgi apparatus → rough endoplasmic reticulum → plasma membran
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → plasma membran
C. Golgi apparatus → lysosome → rough endoplasmic reticulu
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum → lysosome → Golgi apparatu
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Questio
Cells in the adrenal gland produce the hormone epinephrine and store it in vesicles. To release
epinephrine these vesicles are carried to the plasma membrane and fuse with it. What process is
occurring
A. Expulsio
B. Exchang
C. Excretio
D. Exocytosi
Questio
Why do crop plants dry out when a eld is irrigated with water contaminated by sea water
A. The plants lose water by active transport
B. The plants gain salt by osmosis
C. The plants gain salt by diffusion
D. The plants lose water by osmosis
Questio
Which process requires channel proteins
A. Simple diffusio
B. Facilitated diffusio
C. Binding of hormone
D. Exocytosi
The giant marine alga Halicystis ovalis is able to move sodium ions from vacuoles to the
surrounding seawater through active transport. Which condition or feature is required for this
mode of transport
A. Movement from a region of higher sodium concentration to a region of lower sodium
concentratio
B. A partially permeable surfac
C. Membrane uidit
D. Transmembrane protein
Questio
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The salt concentration inside the Paramecium is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding
medium suddenly drops to 0.2 %. What will be the likely response
A. The cell will lose salt to the medium
B. The contractile vacuole will expel more water
C. The cell will swell and eventually burst
D. The membrane will become more permeable to salt
Questio
The giant marine alga Halicystis ovalis is able to move sodium ions from vacuoles to the
surrounding seawater through active transport. Which condition or feature is required for this
mode of transport
A. Movement from a region of higher sodium concentration to a region of lower sodium
concentratio
B. A partially permeable surfac
C. Membrane uidit
D. Transmembrane protein
Questio
The diagram is a model of one type of movement across a membrane
What is this type of movement
A. Simple diffusio
B. Facilitated diffusio
C. Osmosi
D. Active transpor
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Questio
What features of a cell favour ef cient removal of waste products
Questio
Which pair of features is correct for both diffusion and osmosis
Questio
Which of the following is not a function performed by a membrane protein
A. Hormone binding site
B. Cell adhesio
C. Enzyme synthesi
D. Pumps for active transpor
Questio
What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory
A. RNA can catalyse metabolic reactions
B. Meteorites contain organic molecules
C. Amino acids can be synthesized from inorganic compounds
D. Mitochondria possess their own DNA
Questio
The statement relates to Pasteur’s experiments
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What did this statement suggest
A. Mold evolved by endosymbiosis
B. Oxygen is required for anaerobic respiration
C. Cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells
D. Nutrients are a requirement for mold growth
Questio
Which of the following will contribute to the cell theory
I. Living organisms are composed of cells
II. All cells come from pre-existing cells by mitosis
III. Cells are the smallest units of life
A. I onl
B. II onl
C. I and III onl
D. I, II and II
Questio
What can be deduced about a striated muscle bre from both of these statements
A. It is prokaryotic
B. It is an exception to cell theory
C. It consists of aseptate hyphae
D. It is preparing to divide
Questio
Which diagram(s) represent(s) processes used in asexual reproduction
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A. I onl
B. I and II onl
C. II onl
D. I, II and II
Biology theory paper
Questio
a. Outline the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to treat Stargardt’s disease
[2
b. The most common form of Stargardt’s disease is known to be autosomal recessive. Using a
Punnett grid, deduce the probability of a child inheriting Stargardt’s disease, if both of the parents
are carriers of the disease but do not have the disease themselves
[3
Question
Describe the characteristics of stem cells that make them potentially useful in medicine.
[5]
a.
Outline the inheritance of a named sex-linked condition in humans.
[5]
b.
Explain the use of karyotyping in human genetics.
[8]
Question
Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of membranes
[5
a
Explain the importance of surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size
[7
Question
a. State the property of stem cells that makes them useful in medical treatment.
b. Explain how multicellular organisms develop specialised tissues.
[2]
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c. Outline some of the outcomes of the sequencing of the human genome.
[3]
Question
This image shows a normal red blood cell.
These images show two red blood cells that have been placed in solutions with di erent
concentrations of solutes.
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Outline the properties of water molecules that permit them to move upwards in plants.
[2]
a. De ne osmolarity.
[1]
b. Deduce, with a reason, which red blood cell has been placed in a hypertonic solution.
[1]
c. State what change there has been in the cell surface area to volume ratio in red blood cell 1.
Question
a.Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of membranes.
[6]
c.Explain passive transport and active transport across membranes.
[8]
Question
The diagram shows how vesicles are used to transport materials in a cell.
State the name of organelle A.
[1]
a (i).
State the process occurring at B.
[1]
a (ii).
Describe how the structure of the membrane allows the formation of vesicles.
[2]
b.
Explain active transport across membranes.
Question
The diagram (not to scale) shows a cell which contains water and sodium ions. This cell is
immersed in a salt solution of water and sodium ions.
State the mode of transport if water moves into the cell.
[1]
a (i).
State the mode of transport if sodium ions move into the cell.
[1]
a (ii).
Explain facilitated di usion.
[3]
b.
State the name of the structures formed within a cell by endocytosis.
Question
State two di erences in structure between plant and animal cells.
[2]
Outline how molecules move across a membrane by simple di usion.
[2]
Explain the role of protein pumps in active transport.
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Question
Explain how materials are moved across membranes of cells by active transport.
[2]
a.
Explain the e ects of pH on enzyme catalysed reactions.
[3]
b.
Distinguish between the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast and humans.
Question
Draw a labelled diagram to show the uid mosaic structure of a plasma membrane, indicating the
hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
[5]
a. Distinguish between active and passive movements of materials across plasma membranes,
using named examples.
[4]
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b.Explain how the properties of water are signi cant to living organisms.
[9]