 WHAT IS ABRASIVE JET MACHINING ?
It is the material removal process where the
material is removed by high velocity stream of
air/gas or water and abrasive mixture .
 An abrasive is small, hard particle having sharp
edges and an irregular shape .
 High velocity jet is aimed at a surface under
controller condition .

 COMPONENTS OF ABRASIVE JET
MACHINING
 Abrasive
delivery system
 Control system
 Pump
 Nozzle
 Mixing tube
 Motion system
1. ABRASIVE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Auto abrasive delivery system has the capability
of storing abrasive & delivery the abrasive to
the bucket . It’s works auto programming
system by help of once measuring record & no
adjustment or fine tuning system . High sensitive
sensor gives extremely reliable & repeatable .
2.CONTROL SYSTEM
The control algorithm that computes exactly
how the feed rate should vary for a given
geometry in a given material to make a precise
part .
 The algorithm actually
determines desired variation
in the feed rate & the tool
path to provide an extremely
smooth feed rate .

3.PUMP
Crankshaft & intensifier pump are mainly use
in the abrasive jet machine .
 The intensifier pump was the
only pump capable of reliably
creating pressures high .
 Crankshaft pumps are more
efficient than intensifier pumps
because they do not require a power robbing
hydraulic system ultra high pressure & more
stroke per minute .

4.NOZZLE
 All abrasive jet systems use the same basic two
stage nozzle . First , water passes through a
small diameter jewel orifice to form a narrow
jet .
 The abrasive particles are accelerated by the
moving stream of water & they pass into a
long hollow cylindrical
ceramic mixing tube.
 Generally two type of nozzle
use , right angle head &
straight head .
 FIG. OF NOZZLE
5. MIXING TUBE
 The mixing tube is where the abrasive mixes
with the high pressure water .
 The mixing tube should be
replaced when tolerances
drop below acceptable levels .
 For maximum accuracy ,
replace the mixing tube
more frequently .
6.MOTION SYSTEM
In order to make precision parts , an abrasive
jet system must have a precision x-y table and
motion control system .
 Tables fall into three general categories .
 Floor-mounted gantry systems
 Integrated table/gantry systems
 Floor-mounted cantilever systems

 WORKING PROCESS
High pressure water starts at the pump , and is
delivered through special high pressure
plumbing to the nozzle .
 At the nozzle , abrasive is introduced & as the
abrasive/water mixture exits , cutting is
performed .
 Once the jet has exited the nozzle , the energy
is dissipated into the catch tank , which is
usually full of water & debris from previous
cut .

 FIG . SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AJM
 AJM FEATURES
There are main features of AJM
 Obtainable tolerances
 Material to machine
 Material thickness
 Accuracy of table
 Stability of table
 Control abrasive jet

 MACHINE ASPECTS
Around curves
 Inside corner
 Feed rate
 Acceleration
 Nozzle focus
 Speed cutting
 Pump pressure
 Hardness & thickness
 Software controlling the motion
 Power at the nozzle

 TYPES OF ABRASIVE MATERIALS
Different types of abrasive are used in abrasive
jet machining like garnet , aluminum oxide ,
olivine , silica sand , silicon carbide ,etc .
 Virtually any material can be cut by using
abrasive jet machining method , i.e harder
materials like titanium to steel.
 Abrasive particles must be hard ,high toughness,
irregular in shape & edges should be sharp .

 ADVANTAGES
Extremely fast setup & programming
 No start hole required
 There is only one tool
 Low capital cost
 Less vibration
 No heat generated in work piece
 Environmentally friendly

 DISADVANTAGES
Low metal removal rate
 Due to stay cutting accuracy is affected
 Abrasive powder cannot be reused
 Tapper is also a problem

 CONCLUSION
The better performance , and the applications
represented above statements confirm that
ABRASIVE JET MACHINING is continue to
expand .
 The new software’s used to minimize time and
investments , there by making it possible for
more manufacturers of precision parts to
install AJM centers .
