Effective communication
The conversation between two or more individuals where the message is conveyed and delivered
profitably and understandably is known as effective communication
Figure 1 Effective communication
Formal communication
Interchanging information properly between two or more individuals working in the same corporation
following preconceived instructions, orders, and regulations there is always availability of
documentation as a piece of evidence it is highly time-consuming for example business letters, teaching,
job interview, email to the boss, shaking hands with senior employees, interaction with a client, sitting in
meetings, job application
Flows of formal communication
There are three flows of formal communication
Downward communication:
Flow that is approved under the supervision and then passed to employees such as updating or creating
policies, highlighting the points of the presentation, sending mail
Upward communication:
Flow that emerges from lower to higher level of companies for example feedback boxes focus groups,
employee surveys, performance reports, and company meetings
Lately diagonal flows:
Flows between individuals of the same department or different departments in the same position, for
instance, A software developer may reach out to the marketing manager for a better understanding of
product demands
Informal communication
It is an unofficial routine communication between two individuals it compromises on spelling and
grammar mistakes and has a relaxed tone for example conversation through text messages
between siblings, socializing in family gatherings, a birthday card to a friend, introducing
yourself to a roommate
Types of informal communication
There are four types of informal communication
Single line chain:
It passes the information from one person to another stepwise
Gossip chain:
It is the casual group conversation for instance a family dinner
Cluster chain:
An individual shares some sort of data with a batch of people and they further convey that data to other
individuals or batches of individuals
Probability chain:
Everyone randomly conveys a same message to each other