What is your favorite food?
Introduction to
Biomolecules
What is
Biomolecules?
• Bio-means “life”
• Molecules-means ‘two or more
atoms”
What is
Biomolecules?
• Any molecules that are produced by
a living organisms, including large
macromolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids.
Four major categories of
Biomolecules:
• Carbohydrates
• LIpids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
• Most common biomolecule
• Primary energy source of our body
• Building
block/momomer:monosaccharides
• Elements: C-H-O
Carbohydrates
• Classifications:
1.Monosaccharides
2.Disaccharides
3.Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
• Simple sugars (C6H12O6)
Glocuse (blood
sugar)
Fructose (fruit sugar)
Galactose (found in milk
with glucose)
Disaccharides
• Double sugars (C12H22O11)
Maltose (malt sugar)
Lactose (milk sugar)
Sucrose (table sugar)
Starch
• Used for energy storgae in plants
• They provide a quick form of energy
for the body
Glycogen
• Used for energy storage in animals
• When the body doesn’t need
glucose for energy, it stores in te
liver and muscles in the form of
glycogen
Cellulose
• Found in plants, in cell walls and
bark of tress
• Gives us fiber
Chitin
• Forms the
exoskeleton of
certain insects and
crustaceans
Proteins
• Body-building molecules which help
us grow
• Transport molecules in and out of
the cell
• Control the speed of chemical
reactions
Proteins
• Used for growth and repair
• Buiding blocks: amino acids
Proteins
• General formula: RCH(NH2)COOH.
R is a side chain, usually an amino
acid
• Elements: C-H-O-N
Proteins
• Enzymes
Nucleic Acids
• These biomolecules are not
necessarily from food
• Biomolecular components of
hereditary materials and are present
in DNA
Nucleic Acids
• Building blocks:
nucleotides
• Elements:
C-H-O-N-P
Lipids
• Store more energy than
carbohydrates and proteins
• Building block: fatty acids
• General formula: CH3(CH2)nCOOH
• Elements:C-H-O
Lipids
• Examples: Steroids, cholesterol,
fats, oils, nuts, waxes
• They are hydrophobic
Unsaturated
Saturated
Lipids
What is biomolecules?
What are the major functions of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
and nucleic acid?
State the function of
biological molecules in
organisms.
How will you justify carbohydrates as the
most important biomolecules? or what
do you think for you is considered as the
most important biomolecules in our
body?explain why.
Activity
Make a cartoon, or comic that tells a:
a scary story
a funny story
an adventure story
Objectives
1. Describe the function and structures of
lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and
proteins.
2. Show the relationship between lipids,
nucleic
acids,
proteins
and
carbohydrates including the elements
that make up the molecules.