Fluorite Ore
Beneficiation
Process
Tel:+8617367842747
Mail:sell@chinadjks.com
Zhengzhou Hengyang Industry Co., Ltd
Fluorite Introduction
Fluorite (CaF2) is an important fluorine mineral, which is mostly used for the production of hydrofluoric
acid and as a flux in steel making. Other uses are the manufacture of glass, fiberglass, pottery and enamel,
etc.
Most fluorite ores have to be upgraded before entering the fluorite market. The most commonly used
beneficiation process is froth flotation, producing fluorite concentrates of up to 99% purity.
Crushing Fluorspar Ore
For the average small mill treating up to 100 tons of ore a day, primary crushing is usually adequate and
very economical. Larger tonnage will require primary and secondary crushing for maximum efficiency in
size reduction and subsequent ball milling.
Grinding Circuit
Fluorspar ores usually require grinding to 48 or 65 mesh to liberate the calcium fluoride from the gangue
impurities.
Ball mill grinding with a Steel Head Ball Mill in closed circuit with classifier is the general practice. In
larger plants, particularly when fine grinding is necessary, thickening of the classifier overflow is necessary
to maintain proper density and feed regulation to flotation. This thickening step on fluorspar ores containing
sulphides is usually between the sulphide and fluorspar flotation circuits. Reagents used for selective
flotation of lead and zinc then can be rejected in the thickener overflow water.
Fluorspar Flotation
Flotation of fluorspar must be extremely selective when producing acid grade concentrate. This selectivity is
essential as the ratio of concentration is low, often up to 80% or more of the entire tonnage, and must be
floated in the rough circuit. Cleaning by two or more stages of flotation must bring the rougher product up to
acid grade and at the same time retain a high weight recovery with a minimum circulating load.
The “Sub-A” Flotation machine, the accepted standard in all fluorspar flotation plants, has been adapted
specially for fluorspar treatment with provision for multi-stage cleaning and recirculation of middling
products without the need of auxiliary pumps. Cleaner tailings may be conveniently removed at any point in
the circuit. The flowsheet on the reverse side of this page shows one of the many possible cell arrangements
used in treating fluorspar ore.
Thickening and Filtering
Thickening of fluorspar concentrates offers no special problem. Thickener capacity, however, should be
adequate to handle the tonnage and have ample storage capacity during possible interruption in the filtering
and drying sections. Fluorspar flotation froth has a tendency to build up on the thickener surface, but this can
be taken care of by retaining rings near the overflow lip and by sprays so only clear water overflows the
thickener. Thickened concentrates at 50 to 60% solids is removed by a Adjustable Stroke Diaphragm Pump,
feeding by gravity to the filter.
Fluorspar is extremely rapid filtering even when ground fine, provided a non-blinding filter media is used.
The rotary fluorspar type filter with stainless steel filter media, heavy duty oscillating mechanism, oversize
valve and ports, and high displacement vacuum pump is standard for fluorspar flotation concentrates and
will discharge a filter cake with as low as 6% moisture. In the event the filtrate is slightly turbid or contains
solids, it should be diverted back to the thickener. For this reason a adjustable stroke diaphragm pump is
often used in place of the conventional centrifugal filtrate pump.
Drying and Storage
Fluorspar flotation concentrates of acid grade must be dried to less than 0.5% moisture. Dust losses are kept
to a minimum by providing a closed system with a cyclone to insure only vapor laden air discharging to the
atmosphere. Enclosed screw conveyors, elevators and often air-born systems are used to transport the finely
divided dried acid spar to the storage bins. Provisions should be made for handling efficiently the hot
concentrate discharging from the dryer. The Standard Dryer is ideal for this purpose.
Typical equipment list for a 100 ton per 24 hour acid grade fluorspar flotation plant producing 50 tons of
concentrates per day when grinding a medium soft ore to 48 mesh.
Acid Grade Fluorspar Production
The flowsheet shown is of a conventional type, for treatment of 200-300 tons per day of fluorspar ore
containing lead, using “Sub-A” Flotation.
If lead and zinc were present, the same flowsheet would apply to remove a bulk sulphide concentrate which
could be subsequently refloated to produce the respective lead and zinc concentrates suitable for marketing.
The best approach to effectively produce separate lead and zinc concentrates should be established by test
work. In some cases, selective flotation is indicated initially. This may be accomplished by removing a lead
concentrate, then following this process by conditioning and flotation of the lead tailing to produce a zinc
concentrate.
Crushing Circuit
Primary and secondary crushing are used for this plant tonnage. Single stage crushing may be employed for
tonnages up to 100 tons per day.
Grinding Circuit
Two stage grinding, using the Rod Mill in open circuit, followed by closed circuit ball mill grinding, is ideal
because of the local power requirement and the increased efficiency of grinding.
The Selective Mineral Jig may be utilized to recover galena in this circuit. Presence of oxidized lead in the
ore is overcome to a great extent by removing it at a relatively coarse size, in the jig.
Conditioning Tank
Conditioning of the classifier overflow is required if sulphidization is employed to effect flotation of
oxidized lead. A second stage conditioning of the thickened lead tailing, after repulping with fresh water, is
required for flotation of the fluorspar. Heating of the pulp at this point is often advantageous.
Fluorspar Flotation
The lead and fluorspar are recovered by Flotation of the cell-to-cell type, permitting maximum recovery and
grade of concentrate. Wide acceptance of machines is well verified when considering that over 95% of all
acid grade fluorspar is processed in the “Sub-A” Flotation Machine. Flexibility of these machines is of
prime importance where such high specifications must be met. Multiple cleaning, always necessary in acid
grade fluorspar plants, can be performed without the help of pumps.
Lead tailing is thickened to remove the bulk of the reagents used in the lead circuit. The clear overflow is
re-circulated to the grinding circuit.
Thickening and Filtering
Both concentrates are thickened and filtered. The thickened lead concentrate is filtered on the Disc Filter.
Thickened fluorspar concentrate, at approximately 60% solids here, has a high filter capacity of
approximately 2000 pounds per sq. ft. per 24 hours. The Fluorspar Filter with its stainless steel filter media,
is especially designed for this application.
Drying and Storage
The Standard Dryer effectively dries the filtered fluorspar concentrate to less than 0.5% moisture, as
required for marketing. An elevated temperature in the dryer can also be used to burn off small amounts of
sulphur and lead.
A screw conveyor and bucket elevator as employed to transport the dried fluorspar to the concentrate storage
bins. Bins can be conveniently discharged into rail road cars for shipment, while the filtered lead concentrate
may be marketed as produced, without drying.
Difficult Flotation of some Flourspar Ore
1. Jaw Crusher
PE/PEX Series Jaw Crusher has the features of high crushing and even
product size ratio. It can be used to crush material, whose compression
strength is not more than 320Mpa. This jaw crusher is mainly used in
various industries, such as mining, smelting, road and railway construction,
water conservation and chemical industry etc. PE Series is used in primary
crushing, while PEX series is used in secondary crushing and fine crushing.
Working principle of PE/PEX Series Jaw Crusher:
This crusher adopts the electric motor as the power. The eccentric shaft is
revolved by an electric motor through v-belts. It causes the swing jaw
following the preconcerted path to crush the feeding material. Thus the
material will be crushed in the crushing chamber which is composed of the
stationary jaw plate, swing jaw plate and the liner plate. The material is
discharged from the lower part of machine that is what you want.
Technical Details:
Model
Size of Feed
Opening(mm)
Max Feed Size
(mm)
Discharge Range
Opening (mm)
Capacity
(m3/h )
Motor Power
Weight（t）
（kw）
PE-250×400
250×400
210
20-60
3-13
15
2.8
PE-400×600
400×600
340
40-100
10-40
30
6.5
PE-500×750
500×750
425
50-100
28.5-62.5
55
10.8
PE-600×900
600×900
500
65-160
30-75
55- 75
15
PE-750×1060
750×1060
630
80-200
80-160
90-110
28.9
PE-870×1060
870×1060
750
170-270
145-235
90-110
29.5
PE-900×1200
900×1200
750
100-200
100-240
110-132
49
PE-1000×1200
1000×1200
850
200-280
190-275
110-132
51
PE-1200×1500
1200×1500
1020
150-300
250-500
200
88.5
PEX-150×750
150×750
120
10-40
5-16
15
2.5
PEX-250×1000
250×1000
210
25-60
10-30
30-37
6.6
PEX-250×1200
250×1200
210
25-60
10-31.5
37
7
PEX-300×1300
300×1300
250
20-90
12.5-53
75
12
2. Impact Crusher
Impact stone crushing machine which can also be called impact crusher
or impact breaker or impactor crusher is a new type highly efficient
crushing machine with the advantages of small size, simple structure,
high crushing ratio, low energy consumption, high production capacity,
even product granularity and selective rock crushing, so that vertical
shaft rock impact stone crusher is a promising crushing equipment. The
biggest disadvantages of rock impactor crusher lies in that the hammer
plate and the impacting plate are very easy to be abraded, especially
when crushing hard rocks, so that they should be regularly changed. At
present due to the research and development of some anti-abrasion
materials, this kind of crushing equipment has been used in some metal
dressing plants.
Performance:
1) Multiple crushing chambers for even crushing, thus suitable for crushing hard rocks;
2) Big and low material feeding mouth is convenient for arranging the production line and increasing the size of the material
feeding;
3) New anti-abrasion material prolongs the service life of the plate hammer, impacting plate and the lining board;
4) The vertical shaft impact crusher adopts high chromium plate hammer and unique impacting lining board, so that is very
suitable for crushing hard rocks with high efficiency and saves energy;
5) The unique structure of the machine makes the discharged materials in smaller granularity diameter and cube shape and
without internal lines;
6) The final product is in the shape of cube and the discharged granularity can be adjusted;
7) The whole crushing process is simplified;
8) The machine is started in a comprehensive hydraulic way, so it is more convenient for maintenance and changing the
easy-wearing parts;
Technical details:
Model
Specification Feed opening The Maximum Capacity Power
Total
Overall dimension
（mm）
（mm） Feeding Size（mm） （t/h） （kw） weight（t） （L×W×H）
（mm）
PF-1007 Φ1000×700
400×730
300
30-70
37-45
12
2330×1660×2300
PF-1010 Φ1000×1050 400×1080
350
50-90
45-55
15
2370×1700×2390
PF-1210 Φ1250×1050 400×1080
350
70-130
110
17.7
2680×2160×2800
PF-1214 Φ1250×1400 400×1430
350
100-180
132
22.4
2650×2460×2800
PF-1315 Φ1320×1500 860×1520
500
130-250
220
27
3180×2720×2620
PF-1520 Φ1500×2000 830×2040
700
300-550 315-400
50.6
3959×3564×3330
PF-1820 Φ1800×2000 1260×2040
800
600-800 630-710
83.21
4400×3866×4009
3. Fine Impact Crusher
The PCX fine impact crusher is digests home and abroad vanguard
technology, unifies newest generation of highly effective small aggregate
crusher which the domestic correlation profession concrete operating mode
condition develops. Uses in each kind of medium degree of hardness solid
material, in cement industry, limestone in broken bits, paste, chamotte, and
so on mix material. Also can crush may the calcium phosphide in broken
bits, the dolomite, and so on pearl ore. It is widely used in the building
materials, the chemical fertilizer industry sector and so on mining and
fire-proof material.
Application of Fine Impact Crusher:
It is applicable for granite, basalt, cement clinker, quartz, emery, ore, iron
ore and bauxite with large production capacity, long service life
hammerhead and environmental protection and energy conservation
features. Additionally, the pebbles fine crushing prevent the traditional sand stone making equipments feature which is only
applicable for the soft rock(under 150MPa).
Working Principle:
When the fine impact crusher works, with the help of the motor, the fine impact crusher’s rotor rotates fast, the material is
crushed by the shock of rotor’s hammer in the first crushing zone, and being crushed in the second fine crushing zone, then
discharged from the output.
Technical details:
Model
Feeding size(mm)
Discharging size(mm)
Capacity(t/h)
Power(kw)
Weight(t)
PCX800×400
≤60
≤5(96%)
20-25
37
2.5
PCX800×600
≤60
≤5(94%)
35-50
45
4.7
PCX800×800
≤70
≤5(92%)
40-60
75
6.5
PCX1000×1000
≤80
≤5(91%)
60-90
90
8.8
PCX1000×1200
≤90
≤5(88%)
75-110
110
13.6
PCX1200×1200
≤100
≤5(86%)
120-145
160
19.5
PCX1300×1400
≤120
≤5(85%)
145-180
180
26
4. VSI Crusher
The working principle of VSI Crusher (sand making machine) has mainly
stone hit the stone (material against material) andstone hit iron (material
against iron).
Stone hit the stone (material against material): through the hopper, the
material enters into the crusher, and is divided into two parts by bulk cone.
A portion of materials falls into the high-speed rotation swing wheel, and is
rapidly accelerated. Then it is thrown away from the swinging wheel. This
parts material hit another part material, which falls down from all round of
the bulk cone.
Stone hit iron (material against iron): The basic work principle is similar
with “stone hit the stone”. The difference is that the crushing cavity of
"stone hit stone" installs the impact board, and the material forms material
lining. But “stone hit iron” use the around guard plate replaced the lower
guard board, and the material directly impact on the around guard plate and broken.
Technical details:
Model
Max Feed
Size(mm)
Speed of
Rotor(r/min)
Capacity(t/h)
Motor
Power(Kw)
Overall
Dimensions(L×W×H)(mm)
Weight(Kg)
VI-01
30 ( 50 )
2300-3200
3-20
7.5-22
2200×1300×1880
≤2800
VI-02
40 ( 60 )
2000-2500
10-40
30-45
2200×1500×1580
≤3350
VI-03
45 ( 70 )
1700-2000
30-60
75-90
3600×1600×1810
≤4900
VI-04
55 ( 70 )
1400-1620
50-90
110-150
3700×1800×1900
≤6900
VI-05
65 ( 80 )
1330-1530
80-150
180-264
4000×2160×2230
≤11640
VI-06
80 ( 100 )
1200-1400
120-250
264-320
5200×2660×2560
≤15170
VI-07
80 ( 100 )
1000-1200
180-350
320-400
5300×2660×2830
≤16280
VI-08
100 ( 150 )
1000-1100
250-500
440-500
6000×3000×3420
≤23450
VI-08(II)
100 ( 150 )
1000-1100
400-650
500-630
6000×3000×3590
≤25050
VI-09
110 ( 150 )
900-1000
550-1200
630-740
6200×3300×3890
≤33100
5. Cone Crusher
When cone crusher begins to work, the electro motor drives the
eccentric sleeve through the spring coupling, drive shaft and a pair
of angle gear, so that the crushing wall of cone crusher gets close
to and then gets away from the surface of the rolling mortar wall
fixed on the adjusting sleeve, and the ores inside the crushing
chamber will be constantly impacted, squeezed and bent to be
crushed.
Technical Details:
Model
Chamber
Max.feed size(mm) Min discharge opening(mm)
Motor
Capacity(t/h)
Weight (t)
power
(kw)
DMC1000 C/M/F/EF
160/115/80/50
13/10/8/6
110
50-235
10.8/10.51
DMC1160 C/M/F/EF
180/130/90/60
13/10/10/6
132
60-260
15.5
DMC1300 C/M/F/EF
200/150/102/70
16/13/10/8
200
88-390
22.3
DMC1380 C/M/F/EF
215/160/115/76
19/16/13/8
220
11-440
26.3
DMC1650 C/M/F/EF
235/175/130/90
22/19/13/10
250
148-580
36.5
DMC1950 C/M/F/EF
350/203/140/95
22/16/13/10
280-315
180-725
44.3
185/125/95
22-38/16-32/13-26
160
95-225
10.9
DHP300 EC/C/M/F
230/211/150/107
26-51/22-45/16-38/13-32
220
110-400
17.8
DHP400 EC/C/M/F
300/250/200/120
32-51/26-51/22-45/16-38
315
237-570
25
DHP500 EC/C/M/F
335/280/210/133
32-51/26-51/22-45/16-38
400
370-884
34.1
DHP200
C/M/F
6. Ball Mill
Ball Mill is mainly used to grind materials in mineral, cement, refractory, chemical industry, etc. Ball Mill has dry and wet
ways. When wet Ball Mill works, certain water and other liquid will be added into materials to increase flow ability of
materials, so the capacity is increased. When dry Ball Mill works, capacity is affected because material flow ability is
reduced, so absorbing wind device is needed on the outlet of Ball Mill, and then negative pressure is formed in the Ball Mill
to increase flow ability of material, so the capacity is increased.
Working principle:
When the ball mill works, motor and speed reducer transmit torque force to big and small gears of ball mill, so the barrel
rotates. When the barrel rotates, Steel balls or other grinding media in the barrel are lifted to a certain height and fall down
freely, so materials in the barrel are impacted. Grinding media mixing with materials impact and grind materials
continuously. The grinding media and materials impact and grind each other when the ball mill rotates continuously. The
final product will be discharged from outlet when it meets the request, so the grinding process is finished application range,
simple structure and convenient maintenance.
Technical Details:
Model
Feeding size(mm) Discharging size(mm) Capacity(t)
Motor power(kw)
Total Weight(t)
Ø900×1800
≤20
0.075-0.89
0.65-2
18.5
5.8
Ø 900×3000
≤20
0.075-0.89
1.1-3.5
22
6.8
Ø 1200×2400
≤25
0.075-0.6
1.5-4.8
30
12
Ø 1200×3000
≤25
0.074-0.4
1.6-5
37
13.2
Ø 1200×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
1.6-5.8
55
13.7
Ø 1500×3000
≤25
0.074-0.4
2-5
75
16.5
Ø 1500×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
3-6
110
21
Ø 1500×5700
≤25
0.074-0.4
3.5-6
130
24.7
Ø 1830×3000
≤25
0.074-0.4
4-10
130
34.5
Ø 1830×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
4.5-12
155
38
Ø 1830×6400
≤25
0.074-0.4
6.5-15
210
46
Ø 1830×7000
≤25
0.074-0.4
7.5-17
245
49
Ø 2100×3000
≤25
0.074-0.4
6.5-36
155
48
Ø 2100×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
8-43
245
59
Ø 2100×7000
≤25
0.074-0.4
8-48
280
67.5
Ø 2200×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
9-45
280
58
Ø 2200×6500
≤25
0.074-0.4
14-26
380
63
Ø 2200×7000
≤25
0.074-0.4
15-28
380
65.3
Ø 2 200×7500
≤25
0.074-0.4
15-30
380
66.5
Ø 2400×3000
≤25
0.074-0.4
7-40
245
65
Ø 2400×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
8.5-30
320
70
Ø 2700×4000
≤25
0.074-0.4
12-35
400
92
Ø 2700×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
12-40
430
102
Ø 3200×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
15-60
600
137
Ø 3600×4500
≤25
0.074-0.4
16-60
850
158
Ø 3600×6000
≤25
0.074-0.4
18-62
1250
175
Upon Ball mill:
Diameter from 900mm to 4200mm
Length: 1800mm to 14000mm
Pls let us know what kind of ball mill you are looking for, and then we provide you full technical details with specifications.
7. Rotary Dryer
Despite the introduction of new technology, the long established Rotary Rotary Dryer is still
widely regarded as the workhorse of many process industries. The robust yet simple
construction combines flexibility with reliability, enabling this type of dryer to handle a vast
range of materials and to operate continuously under the most arduous conditions. The design
also permits the use of the highest possible drying temperatures and in contrast to other
dryers is not sensitive to wide variations in material size, moisture content or throughput.
Principles of Operation
In its simplest form, the Rotary Dryer consists of a slightly inclined rotating cylinder, fitted
with a series of peripheral flights arranged to lift, distribute and transport the material. The
flights are designed to suit the particular handling characteristics of the material, which may
vary with increasing dryness. The principle of operation is based on showering, or cascading
the wet material through a hot gas stream, flowing either co-current or counter-current to the
solids. The hot gas induces the evaporation of the moisture. The heat lost to the material and evaporation of water vapor
reduces the gas temperature rapidly, such that it leaves the dryer at a comparatively low temperature. The efficiency of the
dryer is largely dependent on the differential between the inlet and exhaust gas temperatures, although the heat transfer rate
is also influenced by the relationship between the design of flights and the speed of rotation. However, irrespective of the
gas and material temperatures the drying (or residence) time may be critical, as this is governed by the rate of diffusion of
water from the core to the surface of the material. For special applications, the rotary cascade design is adapted to provide a
shortfall, or ‘Cruciform’, lifter configuration.
Inner Surface is different upon various usage:
Rotary Dryer Dimensions:
Capacity: 0.7-150t/h
Heating Temp: 100°C--700°C
Diameter: 800mm-4000mm
Length: 6000mm—130 000mm
Power: According to the dryer and its capacity.
Material: Q235, G20, 310S, 253MA, 309S, Q245, etc.
8. Flotation Cells
The impellers are driven through V belt
transmission, which brings centrifugal
effect to form the negative pressure. On
the one hand, the flotation machine
inhales sufficient air to mix with ore
slurry; on the other hand, it stirs ore
slurry and mix with medication to form
the mineralized froth. To adjust the
height of flashboard to control the liquid
level and make the useful froth scraped
by loam board. Each chute can inhale
gas, sink magma, separate. No assisting
equipments are required, and it must be
levelly installed. It is easy to change the
flow chart. The cycling way of magma
is very reasonable. It can reduce the impurities to a great extent. There is automatic equipment on the
magma surface, easy to adjust. The impeller also owns the upper and lower retroversion blade. The upper
one makes the magma cycle upward, while the lower one makes the magma cycle downward.
Technical Details:
Capacity
(m³/min)
Major
motor
power
(kW)
Scraper motor
power（kW）
Weight
(t/cell)
442
0.2-0.4
1.5
1.1
0.4
350
400
0.3-1
3
1.1
0.9
1.2
450
312
0.6-1.2
5.5
1.1
1.4
SF2.8
2.8
550
268
1.5-3.5
11
1.1
2.2
SF4
4
650
235
15
15
1.5
2.6
SF8
8
760
191
30
30
1.5
4.3
SF16
16
850
190
45
45
1.5
7.4
Model
Cell
Volume
(m³)
Impeller
diameter
(mm)
Impeller speed
(r/min)
SF0.37
0.37
300
SF0.7
0.7
SF1.2