ICON, INDEX, SYMBOL AND SYMPTOM GROUP 5 MEMBERS: CUELLO, MERLY ALFONSO, JEHANA BULIAG, ANGELIE BALICO, MARYJOY OBJECTIVES: Define what is sign. Identify and discuss the two parts of sign (Signifier and Signified). Discuss Charles Peirce’s Sign Categories. Find out the difference between icons, indexes, symbols and symptoms. Icon, Index and Symbol – Three Categories of Signs SEMIOTICS - also called semiology The study of signs, symbols, and signification. It is the study of how meaning is created, not what it is. Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce are the two founders of semiotics. Ferdinand de Saussure - Was a Swiss linguist, semiotician and philosopher. - One of the founders of semiotics. - He defined semiotics as the study of “the life of signs within society.” Charles Sanders Peirce - Charles Sanders Peirce, was an American scientist, logician, and philosopher who is noted for his work on the logic of relations and on pragmatism as a method of research. - He defined a sign as “something which stands to somebody for something”. - One of the founders of semiotics, he categorized the signs into three main types: An icon, an index and a symbol. SIGNS Signs - The smallest unit of meaning. Signs can take many forms. They can be words, numbers, sounds, photographs, paintings and road signs among and more. However, while signs can be many things, they can be categorized as one of a few types. A sign is anything that creates meaning. It’s anything that can be used to represent something else. These are the few examples of signs: TWO PARTS OF SIGNS • Signifiers - Are the physical forms of a sign, such as a sound, word or image that create a communication. Any material thing that signifies. Examples: words on a page, a facial expression, an image. • Signified - It is the concept that a signifier refers to. THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SIGNS (SIGNIFIER) 1. ICON - An icon has a close physical resemblance to what it signifies. Consider the following communication icons: 2. INDEX - This type of sign will show some sort physical relationship with what is represents and point towards its meaning, but they will not be directly related to the signified. These signs are often caused by what they signify. 3. SYMBOL - signs where the relation between signifier and signified is purely conventional and culturally specific. A symbol has no resemblance between the signifier and signified at all. It is our framework of knowledge which helps us understand the meaning of these signs. DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION DENOTATION – the most basic or literal meaning of a sign, e.g., the word "rose" signifies a particular kind of flower. Connotation: the secondary, cultural meanings of signs; or "signifying signs," signs that are used as signifiers for a secondary meaning, e.g., the word "rose" signifies passion. CONNOTATION – represents the various social overtones, cultural implications, or emotional meanings associated with a sign. The secondary, cultural meanings of signs; or "signifying signs," signs that are used as signifiers for a secondary meaning, e.g., the word "rose" signifies passion. Here’s another example of denotation and connotation, the word homework refers to schoolwork done outside of school—that's its denotation. For many people, the word has a negative connotation—meaning that the word itself gives them a bad feeling associated with the experience of having to do homework when they'd rather be doing something else. SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS - In semiotics, symptoms refer to signs that suggest the presence of a particular condition or disease. Symptoms are used to help diagnose an illness or condition, and they can include a wide range of observable phenomena such as physical signs, behaviors, and subjective experiences reported by the patient. - symptoms are often understood as a type of indexical sign, which means they have a direct relationship with the condition they signify. For example, a cough might be a symptom of a respiratory infection, or a fever might be a symptom of an underlying illness. - The study of symptoms in semiotics involves analyzing the various ways in which they are expressed and interpreted by different individuals and cultures. This can include studying how different symptoms are associated with different diseases, how symptoms are communicated and understood by patients and medical professionals, and how the presence or absence of symptoms can influence treatment decisions. REFERENCES: https://www.britannica.com/science/semiotics https://media-studies.com/peirce-sign-categories/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9001129/
