Subject Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Components of Grade Written work – 25 % (Assignment, Activity,Quizes) Performance – 45% (Reporting,Output,Summative) Periodical Test – 30% (Periodical exam) Total 100% Topic: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk Objectives: What are the primary differences among them Hazard Disaster Disaster risk Hazard is a threat or harm that has a potential to cause damage (e,g. injury, destruction of properties, environmental degradation) to a community. Volcanic Eruption Flash flood Earth quake Wild fire Thunder storm Land slide Disaster is any event that causes widespread human, economic, and environmental losses or impacts that seriously disrupt the normal functioning of the community. When an event causes a significant number of dead or missing people in an area, it is considered a disaster. UN Photo: Aftermath of tsunami in the Indian Ocean, 2004 UN Photo: Tropical Storm Jeanne floods Haiti, 2004 Types of Disasters The types of disasters are classified according to the hazards that caused them to happen. Natural disasters are devastating outcomes that result from natural hazards. Examples: Collapse of houses from landslides incinerated grasslands from volcanic eruptions Man-made disasters, also called technological disasters, are destructions from man-made hazards such as bomb explosions, chemical spills, and even war. Manmade Disasters have 3 categories Disasters as social constructions Pakistan floods, 2010 Hurricane Katrina, 2005 Haiti earthquake, 2010 Great East Japan earthquake,2010 Disaster in the community Wild fires Animals may also be displaced by disasters such as wildfires, which force them to find a new habitat. Disaster Risk (effect) specific to a location or condition of a community. Big Idea A hazard becomes a disaster only when the community is not prepared for it. What you have Learned So Far? Answer the question briefly. 1. What is disaster and how does differ from hazard? Answer: A disaster is any event that causes a major disruptive impact to the community. It differs from a hazard because, hazards are unavoidable disasters can be prevented or reduced. What is a situation considered a disaster? Answer: A situation is considered a disaster when a said event causes a loss of life and property, and any function that is normally done in a certain community interrupted. Effects of Disasters Primary Effects are direct situations arising from disaster itself. Examples: Effect of strong typhoon hits the village, it can cause primary effects such as flooding, destruction of houses, damage of property, and loss of life. Secondary Effects are situations resulting from the primary effects. Examples: Effects of a strong typhoon that hit a village is the disruption of electrical and water services because of the damage to power and water lines. Tertiary effects are those that are not experienced as a disaster is taking place but can be felt some time after the disaster has occurred. Examples: flooding, lack of water for crops, lack of livelihood. Question: What are the effects of drought in terms of severity? Identify all three types of effects. Drought has primary, secondary, and tertiary effects. The primary effect of drought is severe heat, which will cause many crops to die. Secondary effects involve the shortage of food supplies. Tertiary effects will involve increased famine rates and high prices of commodities. Affected Components of Disasters People - number of casualties is assessed - missing person - number of people injured or sick due to disaster - persons who evacuated or relocated - loss of family members, friends and other love ones Building and Infrastructure - homes, buildings and other infrastructure are important components - destruction or damage to public buildings such as schools hospitals, churches, and public infrastructure such as roads and bridges. Economy - sectors of society such as business, transportation, communication. - it involves all sectors of society such as business, transportation, and communication. - loss of livelihood, employment and even tourism opportunities for the community. - damage to building and public infrastructure comes the loss or delay of essential services such as electrical power, fuel, sewerage, telecommunications, and water. - hampers the operations of households, business, companies, and schools. All these have serious implications on the economic life of a community. Environment - Disasters can cause negative effects on the air soil, water and ecosystems in the community. -Air quality is compromised when harmful particulates are released into the air during disasters such as: volcanic eruptions, explosions, and nuclear plant emissions, like ash, dust, heavy metals, smoke Disaster can hasten the process of Erosion Erosion is the process by which soil is carried away by wind, water and other agents. The natural balance of ecosystems is gravely affected by disasters. Ecosystem is a complex community involving the interaction of animals, plants, and microorganisms with the non living components of that area. Answer the following questions 1. How do disasters affect people and the environment? Answer: Disasters can cause a number of casualties and even missing person. This is among the first to be considered during post disaster assessments. At the same time, disasters may affect the flow of an ecosystem in a certain community. 2. What are the effects of disasters on the economy of a community? Answer: Depending on its nature, a disaster may cause a loss of livelihood, employment, and even tourism opportunities for the community. At the same time, disasters may affect the commodities such as food and water. Perspectives on Disasters Physical Perspective includes the visible or tangible materials, whether natural or man-made, which have been affected by a disaster. Psychological Perspective refers to the peoples emotional, cognitive, or interpersonal reaction to difficulties Sociocultural Perspective centers on the response of the people, whether victims or not, to emergency situations and the kind of assistance they receive. Economic Perspective focuses on the disruption of economic activities in the community. Political Perspective deals with how government services are used to reduce loss or damage by preparing for and preventing disasters. Biological Perspective takes into consideration the political or infections or communicable diseases after a disaster take place. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters Most of the man-made activities as a part of human exploration and advancement compound the risks of disasters. Here some of them: ● Housing and building development. modern-day needs and wants of people, the environment is put at risk. Example, in order to develop a residential village, the land has to be cleared of vegetation, excavation and leveling by doing these the terrain is lost, and natural land forms are changed. Plants and animals are also displaced, if not removed from their habitats. ● Presence of physical structures prone to disaster risks. Some disasters take place without knowing them because the sites of disaster are void of any structure or community. ● Institutional framework and system for risk reduction and prevention. Some disasters may not predicted, they may recognized when they happen.
