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A GUIDE TO
WARSAW PACT
GROUND FORCES
WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT
•
6 FIELD F O R C E GROUP
INTELLIGENCE UNIT
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IUPKX
TANKS
Pag?
tt-76
R-55
•:-62
1-1970
•:-IOM
KMT-5
>
Light Amphibious Reconnaissance Tank
Medium Tank
MediuafcxSKntit
Medium Tank
Heavy Tarfk?-b
Tank Mounted Mine Clearing Rollers and
Ploughs
2-3
4-5
6-7
8-9
10-11
12-13
ASSAULT GUNS
ASU-57
ISU-85
Airbourne Assault Gun
Airborne Assault Gun
OliiOURKD RECONNAISSANCE VEHICLES
14-15
16-17
"
.
> U G O T - 6 5 Amphibious Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle
11
n
it
11
5UM-1
r
t
1
1
t
i
11
3RJ3M-2
TUG M-197O Amphibious Armoured Reconnaissance Veh/APC
-3RIM-RKH
Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle
18-19
20-21
22-23
24-25
26-27
iRMOURKD PIFTSONNEL CARRIERS
"3TR- §OP
OT-62
PTS
6TR-60P
OT-64
MP
Tracked Armoured Personnel Carrier
Amphibious Armoured Personnel Carrier
Tracked Amphibian
Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier
Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier
Amphibious Armoured Infantry Combat V e h
28-29
30-31
32-33
34-35
36-37
38-39
Mortar M1938, M1943
100mm Field Gun
122mm Howitzer M - 1 9 3 8
122mm Howitzer
152mm Gun Howitzer
40-41
42-43
44-45
46-47
48-49
ARTILLERY
120mm
Mr-1955
'4—30
D-30
D-20
i
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IS£SL
ROCKETS. --MISSILES
BM-21
SAGGER
FROG-7
SCtfD-B
SCUD-B
f_: SA-2
122mm Socket Launcher (40 R d )
Anti-Tank Guided Missile
Free Rocket Over Ground
Surface-to-Surface Guided Missile
On M A Z - 5 4 3
Guideline Suxface-to-A&ftiffliided
Missile
irusT r,
SA-3 GOA Surface-to-Surface Guid«*&. Missile
S A - 4 GANEF
"
"
"
"
"
S A - 6 GAINFUL "
»
••
»
V
ANTJ-AlnCRAFT GUNS "
50-51
52-53
54-55
56-57
58-59
ZFU-4
S-60
ZSU-23-4
ZSU-57-2
68-69
70-71
72-73
74-75
14.5mm AAHMG
57mm AA Gun
Self-.ttopelled Automatic MA A Gun
"
"
"
"
SOFT SKINNED'VEHICLES
UAZ-69
ZIL-157
.
•
60-61
62-63
64-65
66-67
-
Light Cargo and Personnel Carrier 76-77
Medium Weight General Purpose Truck
6 x 6
UR-aL-375 General Purpose Truck 6 x 6
AT-L *
Light Tracked Artillery Tractor
BRIDGING E^UIHiliuNT
78-79
80-81 .
82-83
TMM"
Truck
RIP
Heavy
MTU ( T - 5 5 ) Tank
GSP
Heavy
84-85
86-87
88-89
90-91
Mounted Scissors Bridge
Folding Pontoon Bridge
Launched Bridge
Amphibious Ferry
•alitChAFT FIXED WING
MIG-17"
MIG-21
FRESCO
FISH BED
'
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92-93 "
94-95
i
•
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SU-7
TU-22
Y^-28
"8
FITTER
BLIWJMi
BREWER .
CiiMP
CUB
ROTARY WING
,
.
. 1 0 2 _ 03
104-105
'
MI-1
MI-2
MI-4
HARE
aOPLITE
doum
S i
S f
^
i n 7
;
112-113
114-115
ill
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rOREffORJ
JgUnd.8 handbook has been produced to aid soldiers in
^ ^ c o g n i t i o n of military equipment of WARSAW Pact
origin.
Some of the equijraent illustrated in the handbook
(jay nov/ be superseded in WARSAW Pact front line
units, but m a y be employed by other countries
within our area of interest.
Air Int Section
School of Military Intelligence
July 1975
i
1
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2
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rc-76
AMPHIBIOUS TANK
A lightly armoured tank with excellent
amphibious characteristics. Water propulsion is bytwin hydrojets.
Role:
Light Reconnaissance T a n k .
CHARACTERISTICS
ViuHICLE
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Range: Land
Water
Ground Pressure
Armour: Glacis Plate
Crew
14 tons
6910 mm
3180 mm
2190 m m
44 km/h
' 10 km/h
250 k m
100 km
_ '
O.48 kg/cm (6.8 pis)
10 mm/80
3
•aRuiix<iKNT
J
76 mm Tank Gun (40 rds)
7.62 mm Coaxial MG
3
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T-55
MEDIUM TAKK
Similar in most external respects to its
predecessor the T - 5 4 , the T-55 is the medium tank in
common use in the Warsaw Pact Countries. Both the T - 5 4
and T - 5 5 can be identified by a gap between the first
and second of the five road wheels.
A 580 BHP diesel engine powers the tank through
a rear drive sprocket. The gun is horizontally and
vertically stabilised.
Hole:
Medium Combat Tank.
CHaRixCTcIilSTICS
V^OCLS
36 tons
6450 mm
3270 mm
2400 m m
48 km/h
H400
w juii
2
km
0.8 kg/cm (11.4 pai)
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed
Range
Ground Pressure
Snorkel Depth
Armour: Glacis Plate
Crew
4
100 m m Tank Gun (43 E d s )
7.62 mm Coaxial M G
7.62 mm Hull M G
5
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HI
ON
1
i
J*
#
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T-62
MEDIUM TANK
The T-62 is replacing the T 5 4 / 5 5 series in the
Soviet Ariay. The primary improvement upon the T-55
is the mounting of a 115mm gun.
The T-62 can be readily distinguished from the T-55
by different road wheel spacing and a fume extractor twothirds of the way down the gun barrel.
A modified version of the T-62 exists with an AA
machine gun mounted on the loaders cupola.
Role:
Medium Combat Tank
CfoutACTiaiSTICS
VEHICLE
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed
Range
Ground Pressure
Armour: Glacis Plate
SnbrkelsBepthLh
Crew
36.5 tons
6705 mm
3352 mm
2400 mm
48 km/h
400 km
0 . 8 kg/cm
100
mm/60
5 m
4
ARMaMKNT
115mm Smooth Bore Tank Gun (40 R d s )
7.62mm Coaxial M G
7
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( 1 1 . 4 psi)
M
O
§
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M-1970
MEDIUM T M K
This tank has not yet been seen outside U S S R . It
may be the eventual successor to the T - 6 2 . The
suspension with six road wheels and three return rollers
distinguishes it immediately from the Christie suspension
of the T - 6 2 .
There are also differences in turret shape and
position while the commanders cupola is on the right of
the turret.
Role:
iiedium Combat Tank.
CHJLB.CTJLRISTICS (ESTIM*TIJ)J
VEHICLE
Weight
Length (less Gun)
Width
Height
Speed
Range
Ground Pressure
Armour: Glacis Plate
40 tons
7400 m m
3300 mm')
2460 m m '
100 mntf-/70°
ARMAMENT
115 m m Smooth Sore Tank Gun
9
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peril's
Ef.s i t n . t M i U
P.-JL M ^ M
•A
7'.
(-!
_ If!
j I M I tl -I":-- i u
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T-10M
HEAVY TASK
The T-10M is recognisable b y its suspension
comprising seven road wheels and three return rollers and
its V-shaped glacis p l a t e . It replaces the original T-JO
aij^jliffers from it in that it has a modified turret with
J a ^ E i at the r e a r , 14.5 machine guns in place of the 12.7
models, and a multi-baffle instead of a double baffle
muzzle brake. It is equipped with infra-red driving and
sighting equipment and the gun is horizontally and
vertically stabilized.
Holes
Soviet He^vy Tank
CHAllACTi^RISTICS
.
VMICLE
Weight
...
Length (less Gun) X
Width
—
Hei^it
Speed
Range
C ^ ^ i d Pressure
•Armour: Glacis Elate
Crew
5
V
1
52 tons
7040 m m
3566 m m
2430 m m
I
42 km/h
j
250 km
9
0.78 kg/cm (11.4 p s i )
420 m m
4
ARkhiiiEHT
122mm Tank Gun (30 R d s )
14.5mm Coaxial M G
14.5mm AAMG
11
RESTHICTKD
• '
.'
W
w
i
iiESTiUCTfcJ)
KLlT-5
T A M MOUNTED MIME CLEARING ROLLERS AND PLOUGHS
This mine clearing equipment can be mounted on
the T - 5 4 , T-55 or T-62 medium tanks. Two separate ploughs
are mounted, one in front of each track and are angled to
throw to the side of the tracks. Forward of the ploughs
are rollers. A device is attached Between the rollers to
detonate tilt rod m i n e s .
Role:
Regimental Mine-Clearing Equipment.
MlMIi; CLEARING ROLLERS
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight
Width of Swept Track
Y.idth of Unswept Track
Operating Speed
13
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6.7 tons
850 mm
1700 m m
8-12 km/h
£K3
V:
to
M
O
»-3
g
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ASU-57
AIRBORUE ASSAULT GUN
The Light Assault §un ASU-57 can be dropped byCargo Parachute in support of airborne f o r c e s .
It is lightly armoured but carries an effective
57™& anti-tank g u n .
Role:
Anti-Tank Support for Airborne F o r c e s .
CHARbGT.CRISTICS
VEHICLE
x
V«eight
Length
V/idth
Height
Speed
Range
Ground Pressure .
Armour
Crew
ARivihi.i;-ii'<T
3.4 tons
3400 mm
2086 m m
1460 mm
45 km/ti
250 km
2
G.35 k g / c m
6 mm
3
«-*
57 m a Aswan It CGun
15
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(5 psij
#
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ASU-85
AlELBOflKB ASSAULT GUN
Although not itself amphibious the chassis of the
ASU-85 is based upon the PT-76 amphibious t&iik.
It is equipped with a larger gun A M thicker
armour than the ASU-57. As a result of this increased
weight it cannot be air-dropped, but is air-landed.
Role:
Anti-Tank Support for Airborne Forces,
qHAIUCTERISTICS
Vi..nT.Ciu'J
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed
Range
Ground rressure
Armour: Glacis Plate
Crew
15 tons
6000 mm
2600 mm
2100 mm
44 km/h
250 k m
2
O.48 kg/cm
40 mm/60
4
^RiiihiyiiLlfT
85 mm Assault Gun
7.62 mm Coaxial Tank M G
17
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(6.0 yeij
£U
SH
CD
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FUG OT-65
AuPHIBIOUS ARMOURED R E C O M A I S S A H C E VEHICLE
The FUG or O T - 6 5 is manufactured, in H u n g a r y . It
resembles the ERDM-1 but has a rear engine and two hydroject
instead of one. It has two pairs of belly w h e e l s .
Role:
Armed and Chemical Reconnaissance, ambulance.
Used Hungarian, Polish and Czech xirmies.
CriiiilnCTrifllSTICS
VrjjlCLa
height
Length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Range
Crew
6.1 tons
575C am
2362 mm
1500 m m
67 km/h
S kffi/h
500 km
5
iutiiijiiiiEjHT
7.62 am M G
19
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BRIM--]
AMPHIBIOUS *MRQURED RiX'ONMISbANCE Vii2iICL£
The basic amphibious scout car in service with
the w'arsaw Pact Countries. In addition to the main road
wheels it has four retractable belly wheels for increased
mobility, ftater propulsion is by single hyarojet. It is
powered by a 90 BKP engine front mounted.
Role:
.firmed Reconnaissance, JiTGW Carrier, Chemical
Reconnaissance.
CiiarlfiCTiiiilSTICS
\
A-illi.C I ; r t
5.6 tons
5700 mm
2250 mm
1900 mm
80 W h
5 km/h
500 km
Weight
Lengt h
"Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Range
Crew
5
ARkAiynvNT
7.62 mm M G
21
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iii£TRiCT£B
22
itcibTRlCTED
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BRIM-2
AiuPHISIOUS ARMOURED RECONNAISSaNCE VEHICLE
The ERDM-2 differs from the BRDM-1 principally
in having a more powerful 140 BHP engine mounted in the
rear. A turret of the BTR-60PB type is fitted centrally.
Water propulsion is by single hydrojet. Belly wheels
are incorporated.
Role:
Armed Reconnaissance, ATGW Carrier, Chemical
Reconnaissance.
QriA&tiCT^IaTICS
VEHLCLE
Weight
Length
Width
•Height
Speed: Land
Water
Range
Crew
7 tons
5500 mm
2180 mm
2150 mm
100 km/h
10 km/h
750 k m
4
STRICT
14.5 am Tank M G
7.62 ram Tank K G
23
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EJs&aHIOMD
i-
24
RESTHICTiU)
RI^STKlCTKD
FUG M
1970
AIVXPHIBIOUS A R M O U R I I D H K C O M N A I S S A H C I I J
VJJKICLE/APC
The FUG M1970 is derived from the OT-65 and
mounts a turret of Hungarian d e s i g n . Propulsion in water
is by twin hydrojets.
Role:
Principally u s e d as an Armoured Personnel C a r r i e r .
CFLAHITCTIIILSTICS
ViiilCLE
height
Length
width
Height
Speed: Land
V»ater
Range
Crew
A ri
i.'
7.4 tons
5250 mm
2430 mm
2520 m m
80 km/h
5 km/h
600 km
2+6/7
; <T
14.5 mm HHG
7 . 6 2 mm Coaxial M G
25
BRDM-..BKH
CIIUUVIICAL fiECOHiUI^biiNCK VEtilCL^
Both the BRIM and B R M - 2 nave- been codified for
the chemical reconnaissance role, -'h^; :?KH models carry two
flag dispensers, each holding twenty .'ja^s.
the stowed
position they lie above the rear wiiawj arches while for
dispensing they hang at the rear of -iiv vehicle. The flags
can be dispensed for marking contanu.n^.>ed areas while the
vehicle is in motion. Other equipnteai. on the Bkh vehicle
includes nerve agent and radiation uluv-nia, and chemical
agent, biological and sadiac k i t s .
Role:
Radiological/Chemical R e c o n n a i s s a n c e .
CHAftACTMISTICS (BRILl-RlUi,
VKHICLcjS
Y/eight
7 tons
Length (dispensers Stowed) 5750 am
iiidth
2350 mm
Height
2310 mm
Speed: Land
Water
Range
750 km
Armour
10 mm
Crew
4
•fcRktt ivii'.iMT
14.5 mm m ? 13Q
7.62 mm PKT MG
27
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r*P
U:
t-S
1-1
o
its
V_
•j
REbTxilCTiJ)
BTK-5QF
r
TltaCKKD J-du,xCUj'.jL,D PjESOMISL CARRIER
This very mobile light a m p h i b i a tracked vehicle
is derived from the rT-76 tank. The or.i.i^w^i version had
an open fighting compartment but later ..sVtels have an
armoured r o o f . The covered topped Billy a
c a n c a x r
5 7, r^ anti-tank gun which can be fired i'iv« the vehicle
" -50FU is the command vehicle version.
Role:
Armoured Personnel Carrier or
Platform.
CHARc-CTiiSISTICS
VEHICLE
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Range
Ground ftessure
Grew
14.5 tons
6510 mm
j180 mm
1970 m m
44 km/h
10 km/h
280 km
r
0.52 kg/cm
3+34
iNT
7.62
mm M G
25
ftaSTRICTifl
v
7 .3 ^si)
^
HV
UJ
H o
O
K;
B
01-62
A&lPHIJBIOUS jutikiOURKD PERSOMttL
&>RRm
OT-62 was first produced by the Czechs, basing
their design on the Soviet BTR-50PK. It differs from
the Soviet APG principally in having a second bay in front
v
and doors each side. It should not be confused with t i3
BIR-50HJ which also has two b a y s . The turret-less 0T-62A
is in service with the Czech and Polish Armies, A
turreted version mounting an 82mm recoilles gun and a
7.62 MG is known as the 0T-62.O and has only been seen in
C^sch service. 0T-62C (Top&s-Zap) is a recent Polish
irodel which mounts the same turret as the 0T-62C (2).
Role:
APC in Czech and Polish Armies.
Oii^iTi^Ib/ICS
VryilCLE
16=4 tons
7000 rum
3225 E2&
2725 mm
60 km/h
10.8 krn/h
VJeijht
Lenr-rt h
width
Height
Speed: Land
ft'ater
Ground Pressure
Range
Armour
Crew
550 km
3+12
•tUli'iiimi '.'/ifT
14.5 mm KPVT M G
7.62 mm PKT M G
31
RJ^TRICTifl)
R&STEICT&S
32
iWriUCTKD
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FTS
TRACKED jiivLPHI-BlAN
Tne PTS is a full tracked unarmoured amphibious
transport vehicle. The suspension has six large road wneels
evenly spaced with centre track guides and no return rollers.
Water propulsion is by two propellors.
Hole : divisional Amphibious Transporter
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Aange I, Land;
Ground Pressure (Laden)
Payload: Land
Water
Personnel
33
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17,700kg
11,600 mm
3 >500 m m
3,400 m m
40 km/h
10 km/h
300 km
^
0.6 kg/cm (8.5 psij
12,000 k g
15,000 k g
50
'•r
u
» ..V
I
C.J
o
I
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FTTT
Dili
<M
.RESTRICTED
BTR-60F
WHFTFIT.FTO ARMOURED PERSOrilfEL CARRIER
This amphibious armoured personnel carrier has all
eight wheels driven by twin 90 BHP engines. Water
propulsion is by single hydro set. There are three j^PC
versions, the 3TR-60P with open fighting compartment, the
BTR-60PA with overhead armour and the BTR-60PB with a turret
tand 1 4 . 5 ^ M G .
Role:
Armoured Personnel Carrier.
version.
CHARACTERISTICS
There is also a command
(BTR-6QPA)
VEHICLE
'weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Range
Crew
10 tons
7200 m m
2800 mm
2340 mm
500 km
2+14
'AR^-IENT
7.62 mm M G
35
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t>
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OT-64
WHEELED ARMOURED PERSONNEL CARRIER
^ ^
This amphibious armoured personnel carrier is a
joint Czechoslovak/Polish development. Water propulsion
is by twin propellors. It is powered by a 180 BHP engine.
There are three versions, the OT-64A without a turret, the
OT-64B with a shielded mount for a 1 2 . 7 ™ UG and the
OT-64C with a small conical turret and both 14.5mm and
7.62mm M G . This series is easily distinguishable from the
BTR-60 series by the gap between front and rear pairs of
wheels.
Role:
Armoured Personnel Carrier in Czech and Polish
Armies.
CariiLiCTiJitlaTICS (OT-64-A)
VEHICLE
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
^ ^ Range
Crew
14.,5 tons
7450 mm
2507 mm
2320 mm
50 W h •
3 km/h
650 km
2 + 18
isILuiiuENT
Various
37
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M
>
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BMP
AMPHIBIOUS ARMOuRi^D IMFAWTRY COMBAT VEHICLE
This vehicle represents a new class of armoured,
fighting vehicle in the Soviet A r m y . It combines the
features of a tracked amphibious armoured personnel
carrier with those of a light tank and an armoured antitank fissile carrier.
The vehicle is provided with firing ports to
enable infantry to fire on the move, while for dismounted
combat they can exit through the rear doors.
Water propulsion is by shrouded tracks,
-lole:
Armoured Personnel Carrier.
CHARACTERISTICS
VEHICLE
Weight
Lenght
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Range
Crew
12.5 tons
6300 mm
3050 mm
1830 mm
60 km/h
8 km/h
500 km
3 + 8
'Armament
$6mm Short Recoil Gun
Coaxial 7.62 mm M G
agger ATGW
39
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IX
@
M
O
H3
O
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12.0m MORThR
120mm iiiiCiRTiiRS M1938 AND Ml 943
The 120mm Mortar was first introduced in 1938.
is a very mobile equipment despite its weight as it is
easily attached to its transporter/limber. The stamped
circular base plate with five pronounced ribs is at the
rear of the limber when towed.
The ill943 differs slightly from the M1938
outwardly in having longer shock absorber cylinders.
fire and same amiaunition and have same performance.
Role:
Infantry Regimental *.iortar.
CHIIRFCCTIIHISTICS
Calibre
120 mm
Length of Barrel
1854 mm
Length in Travel Position 2260 mm
Weight in Travel Position 500 kg
Rate of Fire
12-15 rpm
Maximum Range
5700 m
Minimum Range
46O
Crew
6
41
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H,
Both
St
ir.
X/Y
(-3
fx
ro
M
O
f-3
.RESTRICTED
100mm M-1955
FIELD GUN
The". M-1955 is a rifled 100mm gun mounted on a field
type carriage and fitted with a multi-perforated bellshaped muzzle brake. The recoil mechanism is situated over
the barrel behind the shield forward of the angled breech
ring. The trails are of box section. The gun is used
by most Warsaw Pact Armies, but is being replaced by the
1 - 1 2 . Infra-red night sights are often fitted.
Role:
Field and Anti-Tank G u n .
CiirJttiCTEKlisTICS
Calibre
Length in Travel Position
Weight in Travel Position
Sate of Fire
iiajciiriuin Range
w&ximum Range APEE
(Direct Fire) HEAT
Armour Penetration AFHE
(0° at 1000 m )
Crew
43
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100 mm
9000 mm
3000 kg
7 rpm
21,000 m
1080 m
1000 m
185 mm
380 mm
6
HiS'SilCT-i^D
44
HiSsTaiCTED
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M- 30
122m HOWITZER M-1938
As its nomenclature imples the M-30 was
introduced into the Soviet Army before World War I I .
It is found in many Warsaw Pact and other Armies. In
GSFG it has been replaced by the D - 3 0 .
It is mounted on the same type of carriage as the
152 mm D-1 Howitzer, but it may be distinuished from the
larger gun by having no muzzle brake.
Distinguishing features are the double box trail
and the recoil mechanism above and below the barrel forward
of the shield.
Roles
Divisiona.1 Close Support Weapon.
r
Cj-.mR.tt.CT.CJTI b f I C S
Calibre
Length in Travel Position
V/eight in Travel Position
Rate of Fire
iiiaximum Range
Maximum Range Heat
(Direct Fire J
Armour Penetration Heat
122 mm
GC00 mm.
2450 kg
8 rpm
11800 m
630 m
Crew
8
(0°)
45
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200 mm
*
& I
,
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199mm HOWITZER
The D-30 has a triple trail on which it stands in
the firing position giving 360 traverse. It is towed
muzzle first, with the trails forward, by a towing hook
fwhich is on the barrel. Other recognition features are
•the small shield, conspicuous recoil system above the
barrel and large multibaffle brake. The D-30 howitzer
is also used in the direct fire role.
Role:
Divisional Close Support weapon.
CEARACTuktltjTICa
Calibre
Length in Travel Position
weight in Travel Position
Rate of Pire
Maximum Range
Maximum Range Heat
(Direct Pire)
Armour Penetration Heat
\Crew
122 mm '
5400 mm
3210 k g
7-S rpm
15»300 m
600 m
460 iiun
7
47
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pi
t-TN
i-3
PI
M
a
1-3
CO
i
,
(
) •
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I)- 20
1 SPrnm GUN HOWITZER
The D-20 is a standard equipment in the Soviet
Army.
It is recognisable by its short barrel and large
double baffle muzzle brake. The two recoil cylinders are
mounted above the barrel and lie fore and aft of the shield.
The use of the firing platform and the castor
wheels on the trails enables the crew to traverse the
gun through 360 .
Role:
Long Range Support Gun/Howitzer of Soviet Front and
Army Artillery.
CiLiRjiCTLRISTICS
Calibre
Length in Travel Position
Weight in 'Travel Position
Rate of Eire
Llaximum Range
ilaximum Range AP-T
(Direct Fire)
.armour Penetration AP-T
(0° at 1000m)
Crew
49
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152.4 1™
8600 mm
5550 k g
4
17,200 m
800 m
124 mm
10
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BM-21
122mm ROCKET LAUNCHER (40 R O U N D )
The launcher is mounted on the URAL-375 truck
which is described on ^age 8 0 .
The forty tubes are arranged in four rows of t e n .
In addition to the Soviet Forces it has b e e n
issued to the Polish and East German Armies.
Role:
Divisional Rocket Artillery.
CJAPutCTERIdTICS
VEHICLE
1.1,500 kg
Weight -IIIH launc';
and 40 rockets
Length
Width
Height
Speed
Range
7350
mm
2690 mm
2850 mm
7 5 km/h
400 1cm
LAUNCHER
Weight
Crew
3500 k g
6
SOCKET
122 mm (40 r d s )
Calibre
Range
20,500 m +
51
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SiiGGER
aNTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE
The SAGGER is the newest Soviet Anti-Tank Guided
Missile. The missile is wire-guided and is propelled by a
single-stage solid fuel motor.
Three different launching systems are provided.
There is a man pack single launcher which is placed on the .
ground for firing. BMP, the amphibious armoured infantry
combat vehicle mounts a launcher on its 76mm gun barrel.
The third system is a set of six launchers mounted
on a suitably adapted BRDL1-1 or 2.
Role:
Anti-Tank Weapon
CiLoRiiCTiuUlbTICS
({JII BD.DKI~.-IJ
VjiHICLE
weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
5.6 tons
5700 ran
2250 mm
200G mm
Range
Crew
500 km
2
(5)
700 mm
3000 m
Length
Range
53
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FROG-7
FREE ROCKET OVER GROUKD
FROG-7 is replacing earlier types of Surfac*.
Surface Free Flight Rockets in the Soviet Army and thos
of other Warsaw Pact countries.
Unlike its predecessors the FROG-7 is mounted
wheeled chassis, the large 8 x 8 ZIL-135, and is comple
with transloader, erector and launcher.
Role:
Divisional Rocket Artillery.
CHARACTERISTICS
VEHICLE
(with launcher and rocket)
20 tons
10750 m a
2800 tan
366O tm
Weight
Length
Width
Height
Speed
Range
65 IOH/H
500 ksh
ROCKET
51 CO act
65,M/> s
Length
Range
55
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>J
o
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SCUB-B
SURFACE-TO-SURFACE GUIDED MISSILE SS--)C
The SS-1 SCUD Surface-to-Surface Ballistic
itissiles are short r a n g e , single stage and are powered
by storeable liquid propellants.
^ ^
V^J
The earlier missiles were transported on a het
tracked hull of the JS type with six road wheels and tt
return rollers. The SCUD A is distinguished from the
longer range SCUD B i n mounting one instead of two air
bottles on the hull. The transporter vehicle also acts
as erector and launcher for the missile. SCUD missileE
are used by all armies of the 'Warsaw Pact.
Role:
Front and Army Unclear Delivery iuissile
Range
"Warheads
280 Km
Ivuclear
Chemical
HE
>o
57
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SCUD—3 CN nLtiZu-543
SURFACE-TO-SUAJFaCE GUIDED aISSILE SS_1 C
In recent years the SCUD B missile has appeared
on a new Transporter-Erector-Launcher based on the L1AZ-543
8 x 8 truck. This vehicle improves the overall mobility of
the system while impairing little of its cross-country
mobility compared with the tracked version.
Role:
Front and Army Nuclear Delivery ALissile.
CHiixUCT^iISIICS
280 km
Nuclear
Chemical
Range
Warheads
59
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SA-2 GUIDELINE
SURFACE-TO—alR GUIDED MISSILE
The SA-2 Missile system is transportable.
Guideline two stage guided missiles are carri-ed on re-supply
semi-trailers towed by ZIL-15JV
tractors.
The missile booster of the GUIDELINE has a solid
^ y r o p e l l a n t but the sustainer has a liquid propellant. The
/ ^ p i s s i l e s are assembled before being transported to the
launchers.
Role*. . iiedium Range Air Defence SAM.
The missiles are fired from single missile launchers
in battery groups of six arranged in a star formation
around a centrally-located radar.
The system has been in operation for many years and
has been successively modified. It is in service with all
Warsaw I act countries, and with several Middle East and
jisian Nations.
61
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SA—3 GOA
SURFaCE-TO-AIR GUIDED MIS5ILS
SA-3 GOA is a two-stage solid fuel guided
missile. The missiles are transported in pairs on modified
ZIL-157 trucks from which they are transferred to
launchers.
The SA-3 system has been in service for about a
decade and is found in mapy Warsaw Pact, and in some
Middle East countries.
Role:
Low to medium Altitude Air Defence SAM
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SA-4 GAKEE'
SURFACE-TO-AIR GUIDED MISSILE
The SA-4 is a mobile Tracked Field Army missile
system. Two GANEF missiles are mounted on a tracked hull
which has seven road wheels and four return rollers. The
launcher is capable of 3&0 traverse. The acquisition and
fire control equipments are also tracked.
The GAUEF missile is of the liquid fuel ramjet
cruise type with four solid propellant booster motors
disposed around the tail.
Role:
Medium Altibu&e, Medium .Range Mobile Air Defence SAM.
65
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RgiSTAICTJSD
66
Hi'-bTRICTIlD
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SA-6 GAINFUL
SURFACE-TO-AIR GUIDED MISSILE
SA-6 is a mobile tracked missile system
supplementing SA-4 in field formation. Three missiles
are carried with their noses pointing to the rear on a
six-wheeled tracked hull similar to that of ZSU-23-4The missiles can be traversed through 36O on the hull
Role:
Low/lie dium Altitude, fedium Range Liobile Air
Defence SAM.
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ZFU-4
14.Smm AAHMG
This is the four-barrelled, version of the KPV
heavy machine gun mounted, on a four-wheeled trailer. In
the firing position the weapon is lowered onto jacks.
The guns are recoil operated and air cooled.
The ZFU-4 is being used by most of the Warsaw Pact
Forces but is being gradually replaced in many units by the
newer and more powerful ZU-23.
Role:
Regimental Air Defence HUG.
Ur^rUCTrR ISTICS
Calibre
14-5 mm
Weight in Travel Position 1810 21131
kg
Length in Travel Position 4633
Rate of Fire per Barrel
Cyclic 600 rpm
Practical 15C xprn
Effective Slant Range
1400 m
Erosectile Weight (^PI)
64.6 g
Armour Penetration
32 mm
) (0° at 500m)
Crew
4
69
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Ri&TRICTiU)
70
xtiLbTxtlCTES
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S-6.0
TJFMM A A
GLTN
The S-60 is the main air defence artillery gun of
the Warsaw Pact.
The S-60 is a clip-fed recoil operated gun, which
has the same barrel as the ZSU-57-2. It is normally
tov/ed by the URAL-375 truck. Fire control is either by
the on-carriage optical system or by off-carriage 'fire
can radars using the PTJAZ0-6/60 director.
The S-60 may be recognized by its long barrel,
multi-perforated muzzle brake, and four wheeled carriage
with suspension system at 45 to the horizontal.
Hole:
Divisional Anti-Aircaft Gun.
CC^ILICTRILLSTICS
Calibre
57 mm
Weight in Travel Position 4880 kg
Length in Travel Position 8500 ma
Rate of Fire: Cyclic
105-120 rpm
Practical
70 rpm
6000 m
Effective Slant Range
2.8 kg
Projectile Weight (HE)
ivnti-Tank Role:
Range (Direct Fire;
1100 m
Penetration (0° at 1000 ,)
m. 106 m
Crew
7
71
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BEbTSICTES
72
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ZSU-23-4
p ^mm
SELF-PROPELLED AUTOMATIC
AML-ALRC&APT
GUN
The gun system is mounted on a light tracked
chasis based on the PT-76 tank.
The turret mounts four 23mm automatic guns and a
: large dish-shaped fire-control radar. The radar is lowered
when travelling.
Role:
Defence System Against Low-Flying Aircraft.
CKRILICTER I S T I C S
VEHICLE
Weight
Length
Width
Height (radar down)
Road Speed
Range
Ground Pressure
Crew
^ ^
14 tons
6000 mm
2800 mm
2440 mm
44 km
250 km
^
O.48 kg/cm (6.8 psi)
4
ARM^EMT
Quad 23mm Automatic AA Guns
Rate of Fire
Traverse
Slant Range
800-1000 rpm per barrel
360°
3000 m
73
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Xf-
H3
PT
K
h9
£
R%
f
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ZSU-57-2
S7mm
SELF-HIO^LLRII) AJTOI^TIC
AKTI-AIRCRAFQ?
GUN
a modified twin version cf the 57^ automatic
anti-aircraft gun is mounted on a medium tracked chasis
based on the T-54 tank.
Role:
Defence against aircraft and can also be used in a
ground role against personnel and tanks.
Cn-^UCTi^RIbTICS
ViuxilCLE
Weight
Length
Vridth
Height
"peea
Range
Ground Pressure
Crew
23.1 tons
6220 m m
3270 cm
2750 mm
48 km/h
400 Ion
^
O.63 kg/cm
(9.0 psi)
6
^XuirtiviKCT
Twin 5 7 ™ automatic An gun S-68
Rate of Fire
240 rpm
Traverse
36'CP
Range
4000 m
75
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76
•RESIKICTiDD
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UAZ-69
y-i LIGriT CxiRGO aND rERSOijl'faL CARRIER
The vehicle has been in service with the Soviet
Army since World. War II. The UAZ-69 proper is a light
cargo and personnel carrier, frequently used for radio communication roles, while the UAZ-69A is a passenger
vehicle.
Role:
Light Cargo and Personnel Carrier.
CHAftflCTjtRISTICS
Weight
Length
Engine
1525 kg
3350 mm
55 BHP 4 cyl in line
ietrol M-20
yO ki^/h
^peed
Range
Payload
455
KM
500 kg
77
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78
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RL^SlICaSD
^-157
U E D E M WEIGHT GENERAL PURPOSE TRUCK 6 ,X 6
The ZIL-157 is widely used in the Soviet Army as
a general purpose lead carrier and artillery towing vehicle
It is also used as a bridging carrier and the chassis has
been used to mount a wide variety of box bodies. A cabcontrolled tyre pressure regulator is an added facility
for cross-country operation.
Me:
General Service -iedium Weight Truck
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight
Length
Engine
5450 kg
6684
10$ xsHP 6 cyl in line
Petrol
430 km
65 km/h
4,500 k g
Range
Speed
Payload
79
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in
ti on
H o
S
r
RESTRICT »iD
GEHERAL HJRPOSE TRUCK
6 / 6
The URAL-375 appeal-a in truck and tractor forms and
is widely used in the Soviet and East German Armies. It has
a three-seater cab. iimongs; its uses are missile transporter,
21 platform, crane track and cnassis for a variety of box
^jodies.
tyre pressure regulation device is incorporated.
Role:
General Service Truck
CiinR^CTjiilSTICS
weight
Length
Engine
Speed
Range
Payload
8400 kg
7350 mm
175 BHP V-8 cyl petrol
75 km/h
405 km
4,500 kg
81
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1 . •! F
( f\
V
CD
H
M
O
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H
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.i'^
i&SixviGi'ED
ri'T-L
LIGHT TRACKEE ^VTILLERY TRIICTUR
AT-L consists of a conventional truck-type cab
and. cargo compartment mounted on a fully tracked chassis.
There is an earlier version with six road-wheels and three
return rollers. AI-L has been used as a prime-mover for
heavy mortars and howitzers for many years, but its role
is now being assumed by 6 x 6 trucks.
Role:
Light Tracked Prime iilover for Artillery Equipments.
CHfuttiCTi^RIbilCb
Weight
Length
Speed
Payload
I^ax Towed Load
Ground Pressure
Range
6.3 tons
3120 mm
42 km/h
2000 k g
6000 kg
r0.6
kg/cm
V.
425 km
S3
rL&STRICT&D
(8.5 psi;
RtbTRICTKD
TMM
TRUCK l»iOUNTED SCISSORS BRIDGE
The T^Lvi heavy mechanised bridge is a set consisting
of four spans carried on and launched from modified KjjAZ-214
—(6 x 6) trucks. The four units of each set can be joined
jnd to end to cross gaps of up to 40 m in width and 3 m in
depth. Recently spans have been carried on the KrAZ 255B
chassis.
Role:
Divisional and Regimental Engineering Bridging
equipment.
CHARACTERISTICS
Capacity
ifomber of Units/Set
Span/Unit
Span/Set
Roadway Width
Trestle Leg Height
Launch Time
Chassis
Weight of Span and Chassis
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60 tons
4
10 ai
40 m
3.8 m
3 m
35-40 mins
Kr.aZ-214/fcrAZ 255B
19,000 k g
PMP
HEUVY FOLDING PONTOON BRIDGE
The bridge set consists of 16 rectangular river
pontoons and two tapered shore p o n t o o n s . E a c h p o n t o o n is
in four hinged sections which permits the p o n t o o n to be
folded for t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . When the pontoons are
connected they form a continuous strip of floating roadway
Launching pontoons is accomplished by disengaging
travel locks, b a c k i n g the truck down to the r i v e r b a n k arid
braking s h a r p l y . The pontoon slides off rollers into the
roller where it opens automatically. The pontoons are the
manoeuvred by power boat to assemble the b r i d g e . Ferries
can also be assembled from p o n t o o n s .
Hole:
Divisional Engineer Bridging E q u i p m e n t .
CHARACTERISTICS
Number of Pontoons/Set
Bridge Capacity
Span/Pontoon
Span/Set
Rate of Assembly
Chassis
"iver Pontoon Weight
67
RESTRICTED
2 Shore/16 R i v e r
60 tons (20 tons if pontoons
split)
6.7 m
118.6 m
7m/rain
KRAZ-214> and other types
5.84 tons
t-3
S3
M
CD
G>
V /
MTU (T-55)
TANK LAUNCHED BRIDGE
The equipment consists of a single span box-type
girder treadway bridge mounted on a modified T-55 tank.
Before launching, the ends of the bridge are folded out
and a chain drive then moves the bridge forward over a
cantilever launching girder unit the far bank is reached.
ole:
divisional and Regimental Engineer Bridging
Equipment.
CHARTTICTJ^RISTICS
Capacity
50 tons
Effective Span
19 m
Roadway Yiidth
3.6 ni
Chassis
T-55
Weight of Bridge and Chassis 35 tons
Height on Vehicle
3.3 21
Launch Time
3 min
8?
•hLiaTftlCTiuD
CO
£
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GSP
HEAVY AMPHIBIOUS Fi^RRY
The two
heavy amphibious
the f e r r y . When
and the inverted
position.
Role:
tracked vehicles which make u p the G S P
ferry are right and left components of
in the water the vehicles join together
pontoons rotate outwards to the float
Divisional amphibious F e r r y .
CHARACTJIiRISTICS
^IIIGLE VEHXCIJE
16 tons
12, -DC iam
3,200 mm
3000 m m
Weight
length
Width
Height
Speed: Land
Water
Capacity
(complete Ferry;
50 tons
91
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a .
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Hi
PO
la. VO
f-i ro
o
i-3
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^
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MIG-17
FRESCO
FRESCO is an obsolescent single seat jet fighter/
ground attack aircraft still used in considerable numbers
in the Soviet occupied zone of Germany and in Poland. Its
use will probably be confined to ground attack in the region
of the FEBA due to its very limited radius of action. It
" " highly manoeuvreable and will probably be a very
w.fficult target to hit.
CHARACTERISTICS
BTitTErfolGHS
Wing Span
Fuselage
9.6 m
11.6m
•niRFORiiiciNCE
Max Speed at SL
Radius of action
580 kts
500 m m
rtR mhiili'iifr
Various
[
,- ' oads Could
Be
J
1 x 37 nun Cannbri and 2 x 23 mm Cannon
3 x 23 u Cannon
2 x 250 k g Bomb
Rockets
93
Ri^SiRlCTEI)
t
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M
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MIG-21
FISHBED
FISHBED is the standard single-seat, singlfe
engined, interceptor fighter in use in the Soviet occupied
zone. It is also in use i n the Middle East and A s i a .
It has a secondary role of ground attack and the H version
u s e s external pods for reconnaissance. Only minor
differences exist between v a r i a n t s .
CHARACTERISTICS
DLAENSIOHS
Wing Span
Fuselage (excluding nose
probe and intake
entre body)
7«3 ni
13.46 a
PERFORMANCE
Max Level Speed above 11,000 m M a c h 2.1 (2,230 km/hj
Ceiling
18,000 m
Radius of Action
400 nm
ARMAMEHT
V a r i o u s , Typical Loads:
2 or 4 ^ ^ and- 1 x 20mm Cannon
U p to 4 x 250 k g Bombs
Up to 4 x 16 Shot 57 m m FFAR
Up to 4 3C 240 m m A G unguided rockets.
95
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I
§n
S
te
TT
RESl'UICMSD
FITTER
FITTER is a single seat ground attack fighter
used extensively i n the Soviet occupied zone of G e r m a n y .
It is powered b y a single Turbo J e t . Two cannons are
fitted internally but the remainder of armament stores are
carried on four w i n g and two fuselage p y l o n s .
CHaRiiCTi^RISTICS
DIMENSIONS
Wing Span
Length Overall
8.93
17* 37 m
PERFORMANCE
M a x Level Speed at 15,000m
(Clean)
M a c h 1.7
M a x Level Speed at 15,000m
(with External Stores)
M a c h 1.2 (1,270 tea/h)
Combat Radius
320-480 k m
ASJUIAMTNUR
2 x 30 m m Cannon
.. Probably u p to 4 x 500 k g Bombs
or
or 4 x 16 Shot 57mm Rocket Pods
and other air t o ground w e a p o n s .
97
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Ri^JTRICTED
TU-22
BLINDER
BLINDER is a twin-^et supersonic bomber used by
the Soviet Long Range Air Force and the Soviet Naval Air
Force. It carries air to surface missiles or free flight
bombs. There is also a reconnaissance .variant.
CiinRj.CTxiiISTICS
PULSIONS
Wing Span
Length 0vera.il
27.70 m
40.53 m
i^ktFU^uiNCE
iiax Level Speed at 12,200m tiach 1.4 ("1480 km/h)
Service Ceiling
18,300 m
I«ax Range
2,250 km
1 x 30 mm Cannon 'in Tail Turret
ASM Version - 1 Kitchen
Bomber Version - 6 x 500 kg Bombs
99
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jI
Xfi
g
M
O
•-3
6
\
'
>
4.
I,
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•
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YM.-2S
BREWER
The most likely version of the YAK-28 to be seen
in the forward area is the BREWER D . However the fighter
v e r s i o n , the firebar armed only with A A H may be sighted.
The BREWER I) has a glazed n o s e , i n contrast to the solid
radome of the f i r e b a r , and is u s e d for reconnaissance.
BREWER D and C are strike/reconnaissance aircraft which
~ 11 also be seen in the forward a r e a .
CHARACTERISTICS
DlivLEiSlOITS
Wing Span
Length Overall
12.95 m
21.65 m
PER PGRivlAliCE
LSax Level Speed at 10,670m
Combat Radius
1 x Cannon
3,00C k g of Bombs
101
RES^ICTH)
loach 1.1 (1,180 k m / h )
925 k m
RESTRICTED
102
RaSTKICTlil)
KbSTRICTlJ)
Afl-8
CAMP (ANTONOV A N - 8 )
Camp is a twin-engined fflilitaxy transport aircraf
powered by two turbo-prop engineB. It can be expected to
operate in the airborne assault carrying 60 troops or
11,800 k g of cargo which may be discharged through
tail doors.
CEaHuCTiLRISTICS
DIMEHSICHS
Wing Span
Fuselage
38 m
30.5 m
PERFORMANCE
Max SL Speed (Est)
270 kts
mtinrtuujl'iT
2 z 23 m Cannon in Tail Turret
103
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AN-12
CUB (ANTONOV A N - 1 2 )
CUB is the standard medium range transport aircraft
of the Soviet Air F o r c e . It is a four-engined turbo-prop
aircraft capable of carrying 90 troops or 60 p a r a t r o o p s .
When used in freighting it can carry 20,000 k g in a hold of
dimensions 13.4m long by 3m high by 2.4m w i d e .
C
CHiiRaCTERISTICS
DIMENSIONS
Wing Span
Fuselage
38 m
33.5
m
PERFORMANCE
M a x Cruising Speed Ceiling
Take off Run
Landing R u n
Range with Max. Payload
3&1 k t s
10,200 m
700 m (Civil Version 850 m )
500 ra (Civil Version 660 m )
3>600 km
ARiniKiiiViWT
2 x 23mm Cannon in Tail Turret
105
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o
ON
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MI-1
HARE
HARE is powered b y a single air cooled radial
engine which limits its carrying capacity to a single pilot
and three passengers. It is in extensive use in Eastern
E u r o p e , the Middle East and C u b a .
CHARACTERISTICS
DIMENSIONS
Diameter of Main R o t o r
Length of Fuselage
14 m
11,8 m
PERFORMANCE
Average Cruising Speed
Normal Pay Load
Radius of Action
80 kts
154 k g
100 nm
Possible LMG and/or posssiyl* Anti-Tank Missiles.
107
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MI-2
HOPLIEE
HOPLITE is the twin gas turbine powered
development of the HARE (MI-1J and is used extensively
for reconnaissance, liaison and light transport duties.
It can lift 6 passengers or 635 k g of freight.
ODIMENSIONS
CEARACTIJRISTICS
Diameter of idain Rotor
Length of fuselage
14*4 m
11.2 m
PEtUTORukiN CE
Max Level Speed at Sea. Level 120 kts
M a x Payload
700 kg
Radius of Action
$0 nm
•tkR^iAMEHT ' v,
Nil
109
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110
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1
RESTRICTED
Midi
HOUND
HOUND has a single air cooled radial engine. It is
a standard helicopter in service with the Warsaw Pact Forces
carrying u p to 14 troops or 1600 k g of freight. Loads
such as a GAZ-69 or 76m anti-tank gun m a y "be carried
internally. The military version of HOUND is u s u a l l y seen
/ ^ t t e d with a bathtub shaped gondola below the forward
Nriiselage.
CKttRACTiJftlSTICS
DIMENSIONS
Diameter of Main Rotor
Length of Fuselage
21 m
16.8 m
PERFORMANCE
Max Level Speed
Radius of action
110 kts
110 ran
•hRl.iALHill'JT
A flexibly mounted 12.7 mm M G m a y be installed in the
.lower front of the gondola and possibly 4 * 1 6 Shot
mm Eocket Pods possibly A T G W .
111
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IMMk
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MI-6
HOOK
HOOK is a heavy transport helicopter powered "by
two turboshaft engines and sometimes fitted with stub
wings which relieve the load on the main rotor at cruise
spee ' It can carry 12,000 k g of freight or 65
passengers. It has large rear clam shell doors and a
loading ramp as well as side exits. With its expansive
cabin and loading arrangements, Hook is particularly
suitable for transporting lengthy items such as missile
components and wheeled equipment in close support.
CHARACTERISTICS
DIMENSIONS
Diameter of Main Rotor
Length of Fuselage
35 m
33.18 m
PERFORMANCE
Max Level Speed
300 k m / h
Service Ceiling
4,500 m
Rang' ^fith 6,000 k g Payload 650 k m
A 12.7 mm M G m a y b e fitted u n d e r the n o s e .
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MI-8
HIP
•tilP is a twin turboshaft engined helicopter in the
m e d i u m size r a n g e . It oun carry 24 troops or u p to 4,000 k£
of freight if the f u e l load is r e s t r i c t e d . It is likely to
^ b e armed and u s e d in the airborne assault r o l e . It has reai
^ J l a m shell doors in addition to a side passenger door and
is replacing H O U N D .
_
CHjiRaCTERISTICS
•v'WT''--
DIMENSIONS
Diameter of M a i n R o t o r .
Length of Fuselage
m
21.29
18.31 m
PEftFORHuiNCE
M a x Level Speed
Range (Dependent o n T y p e )
ARMAMENT
4 x 16 Shot 57m R o c k e t Pods
r-^x 6 x A T G W
K^Jc 4 x 120 k g B o m b s
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250 k m / b
4 2 5 - 4 0 0 lea