Supplemental
Worksheets
Name
each other anywhere
through its central axis
Quick
Vocabulary
Lesson 1
adaptation inherited trait
that increases an
organism’s chances of
surviving and
reproducing in its
environment
asymmetry body plan
which cannot be divided
into any two parts that are
nearly mirror images of
each other
bilateral symmetry
body plan which an
organism can be divided
into two parts that are
nearly mirror images of
each other
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endoskeleton internal
rigid framework that
supports humans and
other animals
exoskeleton thick,
hard outer covering
that protects crabs and
other animals
hydrostatic
skeleton
fluid-filled internal
cavity surrounded
by muscle tissue
radial symmetry body
plan which can be divided
into two parts that are
nearly mirror images of
species group of
organisms that have
similar traits and are
able to produce fertile
offspring
Date
Class
mollusk’s internal
organs
metamorphosis
Lesson 2
attach to fasten
mantle thin layer of
process in which the
body form of an animal
changes as it grows
from an egg to an adult
molting process of
replacing an outer
covering
parasite animal that
survives by living inside
or on another organism,
gets food from the
organism, and does not
help in the organism’s
survival
shedding and
tissue that covers a
Introduction to Animals
3
Name
Date
Class
Quick Vocabulary
Lesson 3
amnion protective membrane that
surrounds the embryo
ectotherm animal that heats its
body with heat from the
environment
endotherm animal that generates
body heat from the inside
gill organ that exchanges carbon
dioxide for oxygen in water
mammary gland special tissue that
produces milk for young mammals
notochord flexible rod-shaped
structure that supports the body of
a developing chordate
pharyngeal pouch groove along the
side of a developing chordate that
will develop into other body
structures
scale small, flat, rigid external body
covering
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4
Introduction to Animals
Name
p
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Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 1
What are animals?
A. Animal Characteristics
1. The word
comes f
means “living being” or “animal.”
2. Like plants, all animals are
one cell.
a. Each animal cell, like plant cells, has a(n)
point during its life.
3. b. Only animals have
Animals get energy from the
4. Each animal begins as a fertilized egg cell called
B. How do scientists group animals?
c.
1. Animals can be grouped by looking at their
body parts are arranged.
a.
central axis.
symmetry is
d.
be divided into two parts that are nearly mirro
b. H
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symmetry is a body pla
two parts that are nearly mirror images of each other any
refers to a body plan th
two parts that are nearly mirror images.
2.
is a system that groups livi
taxons.
a. Taxons are groups of living things
that have certain
in common.
are the biggest groups i
b.
c. Animals are classified in the Domain
each animal cell has a nucleus at some point in its life.
d. The second level of taxonomy consists of the
3. Relationships among and within generations
of a family are shown in
a(n)
.
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
C. Animal Adaptations
1. An inherited trait that increases an organism’s
chances of surviving and
reproducing in its environment is called a(n)
2. Animal adaptations can be structural, behavioral, or
3. Structural adaptations in animals include their
senses, skeletons,
and
.
4. The abilities to detect infrared light or
adaptations that can help organisms detect the presence o
or an enemy.
a. Animal skeletons
b. A(n)
skeleton, suc
fluid-filled internal cavity surrounded by muscle tissu
c. A crab’s soft internal structures are
protected by a thick, hard outer covering
called a(n)
.
d. Humans have an internal rigid framework called a(n)
Ne
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23
e. In a(n)
circulatory
open spaces around the organism’s organs.
f. In a(n)
circulatory
blood through a system of vessels.
5.
are behaviors that anim
a. Another
important
animal
adaptatio
n is the
ability to
behaviors
.
b. Baby geese learning to follow their mother
soon after birth is a learned behavior
called
.
6. Functional adaptations in species enable them
to
survival and maintain
a. Animal reproduction can occur in water or on
b. F
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.
d. Most animal species that live on land use
fertilization.
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 1
What are animals?
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only
once.
1. a body plan in which an
organism can be divided into
two parts that are nearly mirror
images of each other
2. a body plan in which an
organism can be divided into
two parts that are nearly mirror
images of each other anywhere
through its central axis
3. a body plan in which an
organism cannot be divided
into any two parts that are
nearly mirror images
4. an inherited trait that
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increases an organism’s
chances of surviving and
reproducing in its
environment
5. a fluid-filled internal cavity
surrounded by muscle tissue
6. a thick, hard outer covering
7. an internal rigid framework that
supports animals
A. adaptation
B. asymmetry
C. bilateral symmetry
D. endoskeleton
E. exoskeleton
F. hydrostatic skeleton
G. radial symmetry
3
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 1
Content Practice B
What are animals?
Directions: Complete the concept map with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Each term is
used only once.
crab
exoskeleton
human
hydrostatic skeleton
Types
of Animal
Skeletons
endoskeleton
reproduce. Classify the adaptation as
structural, behavioral, or functional.
earthworm
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each
statement on the lines provided.
1. What type of symmetry do humans have?
Explain.
2. Give an example of a human adaptation.
Explain how it helps people survive and
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
What are animals?
Key Concept What characteristics are common to
all animals?
Directions: Put a check mark on the line before each statement
that represents a characteristic of animals.
1. unicellular
2. multicellular
3. cell walls
4. nerve cells
5. chlorophyll
6. collagen
7. zygote
8. photosynthesis
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
9. Compare animal cells and plant cells.
10. Compare how animals and plants get food.
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5
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
LESSON
1
Key Concept Builder
What are animals?
Key Concept How do scientists group animals?
Directions: Label each diagram with the correct term from the word bank on each line. Then write a caption that
describes each diagram.
asymmetry
bilateral symmetry
Figure 1
1.
4. Figure 1
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radial symmetry
Figure 2
2.
5. Figure 2
Figure 3
3.
6. Figure 3
6
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
What are animals?
Key Concept How do scientists group animals?
Directions: Place the groups in order from smallest to largest
by writing a number 1 through 5 on the line before each
group.
1. genera
2. domain
3. species
4. phyla
5. kingdom
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
6. What is taxonomy?
7. What is a taxon?
8. What is a family tree?
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7
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
LESSON
1
Key Concept Builder
What are animals?
Key Concept How are animal species adapted to their environments?
Directions: Complete the concept map with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Each term is
used only once.
external fertilization
functional adaptation
migration
structural adaptation
Types
of Adaptations
beha
vioral
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adapt
ation
o
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e
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c
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1. What is an adaptation?
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each
statement on the lines provided.
2. Compare different types of animal skeletons.
8
Introduction to Animals
Name
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the
letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used
only once.
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 1
What are animals?
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement,
write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Collagen’s function is to
A. transform light energy.
B. conduct nerve impulses.
C. hold animal cells together.
2. The way an animal’s body parts are
arranged is known as
A. symmetry.
B. taxonomy.
C. adaptation.
3. The ability of ants to sense ultraviolet
light is a
A. structural adaptation.
B. functional adaptation.
C. behavioral adaptation.
4. Which body item is NOT part of an
open circulatory system?
A. heart
B. blood
C. blood vessels
Matching
5. fluid-filled internal
cavity surrounded
by muscle tissue
A. endoskeleton
B. exoskeleton
C. hydrostatic skeleton
6. internal rigid
framework that
provides support
7. thick, hard outer
covering that
protects internal
organs
24
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 1
What are animals?
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Compare and contrast behavioral adaptations
and functional adaptations.
2. Describe a way you could determine whether a
cell belongs to a plant or an animal.
3. Explain two different ways that scientists group
animals.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter
of the term that matches it correctly. Not all terms are used.
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3
4. fluid-filled internal cavity
surrounded by muscle tissue
A. closed circulatory
system
B. endoskeleton
5. internal rigid framework that
provides support
6. blood pumped into spaces
around organs
7. thick, hard outer covering
that protects internal organs
Introduction to Animals
C. exoskeleton
D. hydrostatic skeleton
E. open circulatory
system
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 2
Invertebrates
A. What is an invertebrate?
1. Animals that have a backbone for support are called
2. Animals that do not have a(n)
3. Most invertebrates support their body with
a(n)
4. skeleton or a(n)
,
About 95 percent of all known animal species are
5. Some invertebrates are
by living inside or on another organism, get food from th
help in the organism’s survival.
B. Sponges
1. Sponges have only a few types of cells and no true
they are often called simple animals.
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2. Scientists group sponges by the kinds of
materials that make up the tiny,
stiff
support their bodies.
that
C. Cnidarians
1.Cnidarians have cells called
2.
Cnidarians have
3.Unlike
into animals that come
sy
, cnidarians ha
D. Flatworms
1. Flatworms have
side and right side.
2. Most flatworms live in
E. Segmented Worms
sym
1. The name for the phylum that includes earthworm
grip surfaces.
which means “little rings.”
2. Segmented worms have
3. Earthworms have tiny, stiff hairs called
Introduction to Animals
29
Name
makes it feel spiny.
2. When echinoderms are young, they have
3. but they have
Date
Class
Echinoderms are more closely related to
invertebrates are.
Lesson Outline continued
F. Mollusks
1. Snails and slugs are
Mollusca.
2. Most mollusks have a footlike
movement.
3. A mollusk’s
mollusk’s internal organs and helps make the
mollusks.
G. Roundworms
1. Roundworms have a(n)
movement.
2. Roundworms are covered with a hard outer coveri
for
.
3. A roundworm’s cuticle is shed and replaced
in a process
called
.
H. Arthropods
1. An arthropod has a hard
a. An arthropod has jointed
from its body.
b. An arthropod’s body has three parts—a head, a
and an abdomen.
2. c. Arthropods have
Most arthropods are
3. Other than insects, the major groups of
arthropods are
and scorpions, crabs and lobsters, and
and millipedes.
I. Echinoderms
1. The hard
just b
symmet
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Introduction to Animals
Name
5. The process of shedding and replacing
an exoskeleton is called
Date
A. filtering.
Class
B. molting.
Content Practice A
LESSON 2
C. metamorphosis.
6. The process of an insect changing
Invertebrates
body form as it grows from an
egg to an adult is called
Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter
of the correct answer.
A. filtering.
1. An animal that does not have a
backbone is a(n)
A. vertebrate.
B. molting.
C. metamorphosis.
7. The feet of echinoderms are connected
B. exoskeleton.
to large tubes called
C. invertebrate.
A. setae.
2. An animal that survives by living
inside another organism and
getting food from the organism but
does not help the organism survive
is a
A. prey.
B. parasite.
C. predator.
3. Special cells used by cnidarians to inject
poison are called
A. setae.
B. canals.
C. nematocysts.
4. Tiny, stiff hairs that help earthworms
grip surfaces are called
A. setae.
B. canals.
C. nematocysts.
B. canals.
C. nematocysts.
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 2
Invertebrates
Directions: Complete the chart with the correct terms
from the word bank in the space provided. Some terms
may not be used.
clam
planarian
earthworm
sea star
jellyfish
sponge
Invertebrate
Group
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arthropods
1.
cnidarians
2.
echinoderms
3.
flatworms
4.
mollusk
5.
roundworms
6.
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
7. Compare vertebrates and invertebrates.
8. Compare a mantle and an appendage.
9. Compare molting and metamorphosis.
Introduction to Animals
33
Name
Key Concept Builder
Date
Class
LESSON 2
Invertebrates
Key Concept What characteristics do invertebrates have in common?
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided.
Question
1. What supports the bodies of animals?
2. What is a vertebrate?
3. What is an invertebrate?
4. Give an example of an invertebrate.
5. What percentage of known animal species
are
invertebrates?
6. What types of skeletons do invertebrates
have?
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7. What is a parasite?
8. Are all invertebrates the same? Explain.
Introduction to Animals
35
Name
Date
9. amphibian
Class
Key Concept Builder
10. sponge
Invertebrates
Key Concept What characteristics do invertebrates
have in common?
Directions: Put a check mark on the line before each
animal that is an invertebrate. Write a characteristic of
each invertebrate on the line provided.
1. reptile
2. cnidarian
3. mollusk
4. fish
5. flatworm
6. arthropod
7. bird
8. echinoderm
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
LESSON
2
Key Concept Builder
Invertebrates
Key Concept How do the groups of invertebrates differ?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the invertebrate group that matches it correctly.
Each invertebrate group is used only once.
1. Its name means “spiny skin.”
A. arthropod
2. Its body is like a tube made of
B. cnidarian
tiny rings.
3. It makes up the oldest
branch of the animal
family tree.
C. echinoderm
D. flatworm
E. mollusk
4. It has jointed appendages
that extend from the central
part of its body.
5. It has bilateral symmetry and
a flat body shape.
6. It has a mantle, or a thin
layer of tissue, that covers
its internal organs.
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7. It uses special cells called
nematocysts to inject poison
into its prey.
8. Its exoskeleton is shed and
replaced in a process called
molting.
F. roundworm
G. segmented worm
H. sponge
Introduction to Animals
37
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
Invertebrates
Key Concept How do the groups of invertebrates
differ?
Directions: Draw and label examples of invertebrates in the
space provided.
1. an invertebrate that has a hydrostatic skeleton
2. an invertebrate that has radial symmetry
3. an invertebrate that has bilateral symmetry
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 2
Invertebrates
True or False
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is
false, change the underlined word to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.
1. Invertebrates are animals that have backbones.
2. Sponges attach to rocks and filter food from the water around them.
3. Earthworms and leeches belong to the invertebrate group of flatworms.
4. Spiders and lobsters are arthropods.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only
once.
5. thin layer of tissue that covers
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the internal organs of a mollusk
6. lives on or inside another
organism and gets food from
that organism
7. the shedding and
replacing of a hard
outer covering
8. changes in body form
that occur as an insect
grows from egg to adult
A. mantle
D. parasite
C. molting
B. metamorphosis
Introduction to Animals
41
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 2
Invertebrates
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Compare and contrast sponges and cnidarians.
2. Explain how invertebrates are able to support
their bodies without a backbone.
3. Point out three different types of animals that
belong to the phylum Arthropoda.
C
op
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t
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Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter
of the term that matches it correctly. Not all terms are used.
4. thin layer of tissue
that covers the
internal organs of a
mollusk
5. lives on or in
an organism
from which it
gets food
6. stiff hairs that help
earthworms move
7. the
shedding
and
replacing of
a hard outer
covering
A. appendage
B. mantle
C. metamorphosis
D. molting
E. parasite
F. setae
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Introduction to Animals
Name
es
Date
bec
Class
om
e
part
Lesson Outline
s of
the
LESSON 3
Chordates
,
A. What is a chordate?
d,
hea
1. Chordates are animals that are grouped in the
and
phylum
nec
.
k.
2. Invertebrate chordates share many traits with
B. Invertebrate Chordates
vertebrates, but they have
no
1. The earliest chordates probably looked similar to
2. Although lancelets can
.
catch food particles floating by.
3. Chordates have the following four traits at
3. Adult tunicates look like
4. According to DNA evidence,
some time during their life—a
notochord, a(n)
and pharyngeal
vertebrates than lancelets are.
C. Vertebrate Chordates
a. The flexible rod-shaped structure that
supports the body of a developing
chordate
1. All vertebrates have a(n)
2. have
is called a(n)
All fish use
.
in
.
to breathe a
.
a. All fish have powerful
b. Grooves along the side of a developing
chordate are called
paired
;
n
hu
ma
ns
the
se
stru
ctur
i
.
b. The three major groups of fish are jawless fish,
rays, and
.
3. A vertebrate animal that has four limbs is called a(n)
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46
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
4.
are tetrapods that live o
to survive and reproduc
a. The three groups of amphibians are
and
, and caecelians
b. Scientists think that amphibian
populations are
because of disease, climate change,
herbicides, and the destruction of
amphibian
.
5. The three most common groups of reptiles are
lizards and
, turtles, and
alligators
and
crocodiles.
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c.
a. All reptiles have
b. Inside a reptile’s egg is
surrounds the embryo.
c. Reptiles, birds, and mammals have eggs
with an amnion, called
eggs.
d. Reptiles are
, anim
in their environments.
6.
are the one trait that ma
other animals.
a. The bones of birds are nearly
b. Birds’ major adaptations for flight are
c. Birds are
from the inside.
7. All mammals have hair and special tissues
that produce milk for young mammals,
, or anima
called
8.
T
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
m
a
m
m
a
l
s
a
r
e
m
o
n
o
t
r
e
Introduction to Animals
m
e
s
,
m
a
r
s
u
p
i
a
l
s
,
a
n
d
m
a
m
m
a
l
s
.
.
a. Monotremes lay
echidna.
b. Marsupials are mammals that raise their young in
c. Placental mammals have a structure called a(n)
which the young are attached as they grow inside the
47
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 3
Chordates
Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle with the correct
terms from the word bank.
amnion
gill
ectotherm
mammary gland
1
3
5
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e
6
Across
3. a protective membrane that
surrounds the embryo
5. an
organ
that
exchanges
carbon
dioxide for oxygen in
the water
Down
1. a special tissue that
produces milk for young
mammals
2. an animal that generates its
body heat from the inside
4. an animal that heats its
6. a flexible rod-shaped
structure that supports the
body of a developing
chordate
body from heat in its
environment
endotherm
notochord
2
Introduction to Animals
49
Name
Date
Class
LESSON 3
Content Practice B
Chordates
Directions: Complete the chart with the correct characteristics from the word bank in the space provided. Some
characteristics are used more than once.
sharks and rays
do not have jaws
Examples include goldfish.
•
Examples include lampreys.
•
•
Examples include stingrays.
have a
bony fish
•
circle of
teeth that
•
attach to
•
the sides
•
of other
fish have
swim
bladders
that can
fill with
gas have
jaws
have paired fins
have skeletons made of bone
have skeletons made mostly or completely
of cartilage
Groups of
jawless fish
•
•
•
•
•
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50
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Language Arts Support
LESSON 3
Writing Activity: Concept
Maps
Learning the Skill
Concept maps are diagrams that you can use to
organize ideas about a subject. In a concept map,
concepts are written in ovals or boxes and are
connected with lines or arrows. On each line, there is
a description of how the two concepts are connected.
Each concept should be connected to at least one
other concept. Study the sample concept map below.
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c.
turnicates
d
o
o
t
a
v
lancelets
include
Invertebrate
t
e
s
Before you make a concept map, think about how
the different concepts are related. First, write the
main concept in the middle of your paper. Then add
the other concepts and connections between
concepts.
sponges
mollusks
Practicing the Skill
Directions: Complete this concept map by writing the correct
terms in the spaces.
e
c
h
i
n
o
d
e
r
m
s
flatworms
include
for example
make up
do not
jellyfish
95% of all
animals
Introduction to Animals
51
Name
Date
Class
Language Arts Support
LESSON 3
Writing Activity: Concept Mapping
Applying the Skill
Directions: Make a concept map that includes the concepts listed below. Add at least three additional concepts to your map.
birds
mammary glands
coyotes
marsupials
humans
milk
mammals
monotremes
opossums
placental mammals
platypuses
reptiles
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52
Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Math Skills
Class
LESSON 3
Use a Formula
The density of an object is the ratio of the object’s mass to its volume. Density can be calculated
using the formula below.
mass
density = volume
Density is reported as an amount of mass per one unit of volume. The units for mass are often grams or
kilograms. The units for volume are often cubic centimeters.
3
A bird egg has a volume of 25 cm and a mass of 30 g. What is the density of the egg?
Step 1
Identify the variables given in the problem.
mass = 30 g
3
volume = 25 cm
Step 2
Insert the known values into the formula and divide to solve.
mass
density =
volume
density =
______
30 g
3
25 cm
3
density = 1.2 g/cm
Practice
1. A bird egg has a volume of
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3
12 cm and a mass of 15 g.
What is the density of the
egg?
3. An average adult human
eyeball has a volume of about
3
5.5 cm and a mass of about
7.5 g. What is the density of
the human eyeball?
2. A 26-g sample of human muscle tissue
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4. The brain of an adult human has a mass
3
has a volume of 25 cm . What is the
3
of 1,350 g and a volume of 1,700 cm .
density of the muscle tissue?
What is the density of the human brain?
Introduction to Animals
53
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
Chordates
Key Concept What characteristics do chordates
have in common?
Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly
completes each sentence.
1. Mammals are (invertebrate chordates/vertebrate
chordates).
2. A vertebrate is an animal that (has/does not have)
a backbone.
3. All chordates have (pharyngeal
pouches/notochords), which are flexible
rod-shaped structures that support the body
of a developing chordate.
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4. In vertebrate chordates, the notochord is
eventually replaced by the (backbone/tailbone).
5. All chordates have or have had tails; in
humans, the (backbone/tailbone) is the
remnant of the tail.
6. All chordates have nerve cords; in
humans, the nerve cord develops
into the (heart/brain) and spinal
cord.
7. All chordates have (pharyngeal
pouches/notochords), which are grooves along
the side of a developing chordate.
8. In humans, the
pharyngeal
pouches develop
into parts of the
neck/arms and
legs).
9. In fish, the pharyngeal slits provide support for
(lungs/gills).
(head and
Introduction to Animals
55
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
Chordates
Key Concept What is the difference between
vertebrate and invertebrate chordates?
Directions: On the line before each type of animal, write I if
the animal is an invertebrate chordate or V if the animal is
a vertebrate chordate.
1. reptile
2. mammal
3. tunicate
4. bird
5. lancelet
6. amphibian
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
7. You are trying to identify an animal. What
characteristics would help you determine if the
animal is a chordate?
8. How could you determine whether the
animal is an invertebrate chordate or a
vertebrate chordate?
9. What test could determine how
closely related the animal is to other
kinds of chordates?
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
LESSON
3
Key Concept Builder
Chordates
Key Concept How do the groups of vertebrate chordates differ?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the vertebrate chordate group that matches it correctly.
Some groups are used more than once, and some statements have more than one answer.
1. These have feathers.
2. These have hair.
3. The name of the group means
“both ways of life.”
4. The adult stage of these have
gills that exchange carbon
dioxide for oxygen in the
water.
5. These three groups have
amniotic eggs.
6. These three groups heat
their bodies from the heat
in the environment.
7. These two groups generate
body heat from the inside.
8. These have mammary glands
that provide milk for their
young.
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A amphibians
B. birds
D. mammals
E. reptiles
C. fish
Introduction to Animals
57
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
Chordates
Key Concept How do the groups of vertebrate
chordates differ?
Directions: Label this diagram by writing the correct term
from the word bank on each line. Each term is used only
once.
amnion
embryo
yolk sac
shell
1.
2.
3.
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
5. Which types of chordates have amniotic eggs?
6. What are some advantages of an amniotic egg?
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Introduction to Animals
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 3
Chordates
True or False
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is
false, change the underlined word to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.
1. An invertebrate chordate is similar to a vertebrate chordate except that it does not have a
notochord.
2. Wings are the feature that sets birds apart from other groups.
3. All fish live in water and have gills.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only
once.
4. produce milk for young
A. amphibians
mammals
5. generate body heat from
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inside
6. have gills as tadpoles and
lungs as adults
7. get body heat from the
environment around them
8. grooves along the side of a
developing chordate
9. flexible rod-shaped
structure that supports
a developing chordate
10. lay shelled eggs and have
scaly skin
B. ectotherm
C. endotherm
D. mammary glands
E. notochord
F. pharyngeal pouches
G. reptiles
Introduction to Animals
61
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 3
Chordates
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Describe the three groups of mammals.
2. Point out the main traits of fish.
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3. Identify an invertebrate chordate.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter
of the term that matches it correctly. Not all terms are used.
4. produce milk for
young mammals
5. generate body heat
from inside
6. have gills as
tadpoles and lungs
as adults
7. get body heat from
the environment
around them
8. grooves along the
side of a developing
chordate
9. flexible
rod-shaped
structure that
supports a
developing
chordate
10. lay shelled eggs and
have scaly skin
A. amphibians
B. ectotherm
C. endotherm
D. mammary glands
E. notochord
of
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F. pharyngeal pouches
G. placenta
H. reptiles
I. scales
62
Introduction to Animals
C. Animal Adaptations
Lesson Outline for Teaching
1. An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chances of
surviving and reproducing in its environment is called a(n)
adaptation.
Lesson 1: What are animals?
2. Animal adaptations can be structural, behavioral, or functional.
A. Animal Characteristics
3. Structural adaptations in animals include their senses, skeletons, and
1. The word zoo comes from the Greek word zoion, which means
circulation.
“living being” or “animal.”
2. Like plants, all animals are multicellular, or made up of more than one
cell.
a. Each animal cell, like plant cells, has a(n) nucleus at some point
during its life.
T2
b. Only animals have nerve cells.
Introduction to Animals
3. Animals get energy from the food they take into their bodies.
4. Each animal begins as a fertilized egg cell called a(n) zygote.
B. How do scientists group animals?
1. Animals can be grouped by looking at their symmetry, or how
body parts are arranged.
a. Bilateral symmetry is a body plan in which an organism can be
divided into two parts that are nearly mirror images of each other.
b. Human beings are an example of an animal that has bilateral
symmetry.
c. Radial symmetry is a body plan that can be divided into two parts
that are nearly mirror images of each other anywhere through its
central axis.
d. Asymmetry refers to a body plan that cannot be divided into any
two parts that are nearly mirror images.
2. Taxonomy is a system that groups living things into levels called taxons.
a. Taxons are groups of living things that have certain traits in common.
b. Domains are the biggest groups in taxonomy.
c. Animals are classified in the Domain Eukarya because each
animal cell has a nucleus at some point in its life.
d. The second level of taxonomy consists of the kingdom taxons.
3. Relationships among and within generations of a family are shown in
a(n) family tree.
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Lesson Outline continued
4. The abilities to detect infrared light or ultraviolet light are adaptations
that can
help organisms detect the presence of food or an enemy.
a. Animal skeletons support their bodies in several different ways.
b. A(n) hydrostatic skeleton, such as that of an earthworm, has a fluid-fille
cavity surrounded by muscle tissue.
c. A crab’s soft internal structures are protected by a thick, hard outer
called a(n) exoskeleton.
d. Humans have an internal rigid framework called a(n) endoskeleton.
e. In a(n) open circulatory system, a heart pumps blood into open spaces ar
the organism’s organs.
f. In a(n) closed circulatory system, a heart or hearts pump blood thro
of vessels.
5. Instincts are behaviors that animals are born with.
a. Another important animal adaptation is the ability to learn behaviors.
b. Baby geese learning to follow their mother soon after birth is a learned b
called imprinting.
6. Functional adaptations in species enable them to increase survival and maint
homeostasis.
a. Animal reproduction can occur in water or on land.
Inc.
b. Fertilization that occurs in the water is called external fertilization.
HillCompanies,
d. Most animal species that live on land use internal fertilization.
c. Fertilization that occurs inside a female is called internal fertilization.
McGr
aw-
Discussion Question
The
What benefit does releasing large numbers of eggs or sperm into the water pro
of
a
divisi
on
animals?
The water environment does not provide much protection for developing youn
-Hill,
many eggs and sperm increases the chances that some offspring will survive an
Copyr
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Glenc
oe/Mc
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Introduction to Animals
F. Mollusks
Lesson Outline for Teaching
1. Snails and slugs are mollusks, or members of the phylum Mollusca.
2. Most mollusks have a footlike muscle that is usually used for movement.
Lesson 2: Invertebrates
3. A mollusk’s mantle is a thin layer of tissue that covers the mollusk’s
A. What is an invertebrate?
internal organs and helps make the shell of some mollusks.
1. Animals that have a backbone for support are called vertebrates.
2. Animals that do not have a(n) backbone are called invertebrates.
T4
3. Most invertebrates support their body with a(n) hydrostatic
skeleton or a(n) exoskeleton, but a few have an endoskeleton.
Introduction to Animals
4. About 95 percent of all known animal species are invertebrates.
5. Some invertebrates are parasites, which are animals that survive by
living inside or on another organism, get food from the organism, and
do not help in the organism’s survival.
B. Sponges
1. Sponges have only a few types of cells and no true tissues, so they are
often called simple animals.
2. Scientists group sponges by the kinds of materials that make up the tiny,
stiff fibers that support their bodies.
C. Cnidarians
1. Cnidarians have cells called nematocysts that can inject poison into
animals that come in contact with them.
2. Cnidarians have radial symmetry.
3. Unlike sponges, cnidarians have true tissues.
D. Flatworms
1. Flatworms have bilateral symmetry; each worm has a similar left side and
right side.
2. Most flatworms live in freshwater or salt water.
E. Segmented Worms
1. The name for the phylum that includes earthworms is Annelida,
which means “little rings.”
2. Segmented worms have hydrostatic skeletons.
3. Earthworms have tiny, stiff hairs called setae that help them grip surfaces.
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Lesson Outline continued
G. Roundworms
1. Roundworms have a(n) hydrostatic skeleton that they use for moveme
2. Roundworms are covered with a hard outer covering called a cuticle f
3. A roundworm’s cuticle is shed and replaced in a process called moltin
H. Arthropods
1. An arthropod has a hard outer covering, so it must molt to grow.
a. An arthropod has jointed appendages, or structures that extend from its b
b. An arthropod’s body has three parts—a head, a(n) thorax, and an abdom
c. Arthropods have open circulation.
2. Most arthropods are insects, which have six legs.
3. Other than insects, the major groups of arthropods are spiders and sco
and lobsters, and centipedes and millipedes.
I. Echinoderms
1. The hard endoskeleton just beneath an echinoderm’s thin outer skin gi
spiny texture.
2. When echinoderms are young, they have bilateral symmetry, but they
symmetry as adults.
3. Echinoderms are more closely related to humans than other invertebra
Inc.
Arthropods have three body parts: a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. The head
-HillCo
mpanies,
Discussion Question
McGr
aw
Copyr
ight ©
Glenc
oe/Mc
GrawHill, a
divisi
on of
The
List and describe the three parts of an arthropod’s body.
sense organs that can see, feel, and taste the environment. The thorax is where
attached. The abdomen contains intestines and reproductive organs.
Introduction to Animals
b. Scientists think that amphibian populations are decreasing
because of disease, climate change, herbicides, and the
destruction of amphibian habitat.
Lesson Outline for Teaching
5. The three most common groups of reptiles are lizards and snakes,
Lesson 3: Chordates
turtles, and alligators and crocodiles.
A. What is a chordate?
a. All reptiles have lungs for breathing.
1. Chordates are animals that are grouped in the phylum Chordata.
b. Inside a reptile’s egg is amnion, a protective membrane that
surrounds the embryo.
2. Invertebrate chordates share many traits with vertebrates, but they have
no backbone.
3. Chordates have the following four traits at some time during
their life—a notochord, a(n) tail, a(n) nerve cord, and
pharyngeal pouches.
a. The flexible rod-shaped structure that supports the body of a
developing chordate is called a(n) notochord.
T6
Introduction to Animals
b. Grooves along the side of a developing chordate are called
pharyngeal pouches; in humans these structures become parts of the
ears, head, and neck.
B. Invertebrate Chordates
1. The earliest chordates probably looked similar to lancelets.
2. Although lancelets can swim, they often sit in the sand and catch
food particles floating by.
3. Adult tunicates look like sponges.
4. According to DNA evidence, tunicates are more closely related to
vertebrates than lancelets are.
C. Vertebrate Chordates
1. All vertebrates have a(n) backbone, and most have jaws.
2. All fish use gills to breathe and live in water.
a. All fish have powerful tails, and most fish also have paired fins.
b. The three major groups of fish are jawless fish, sharks and rays, and
bony fish.
3. A vertebrate animal that has four limbs is called a(n) tetrapod.
4. Amphibians are tetrapods that live on land but still depend on water to
survive and reproduce.
a. The three groups of amphibians are salamanders and newts, frogs
and toads, and caecelians.
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Lesson Outline continued
c. Reptiles, birds, and mammals have eggs with an amnion,
called amniotic eggs.
d. Reptiles are ectotherms, animals that heat their
bodies from heat in their environments.
6. Feathers are the one trait that makes birds different from all other
animals.
a. The bones of birds are nearly hollow and are filled with air.
b. Birds’ major adaptations for flight are wings and feathers.
c. Birds are endotherms, or animals that generate their body heat
from the inside.
7. All mammals have hair and special tissues that produce milk for
young mammals, called mammary glands.
8. The three groups of mammals are monotremes,
marsupials, and placental mammals.
a. Monotremes lay eggs and include the platypus and the echidna.
b. Marsupials are mammals that raise their young in pouches.
c. Placental mammals have a structure called a(n) placenta to
which the young are attached as they grow inside the mother.
Discussion Question
What are some adaptations that birds have that enable them to fly?
Birds do not have a urinary bladder; instead, they concentrate their urine into c
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have hollow bones that make them lighter than other vertebrates. Birds have fe
wings connected to powerful chest muscles.
Introduction to Animals