GROUP 5 PRESENTS ITALIAN RENAISSANCE, NORTHERN RENAISSANCE, AND THE RISE OF INTELLECTUALS. MEMBERS INDEX NUMBERS BAIDEN JOSIAH 0720230003 BREMANG EBENEZER OSEI 0720230006 OWUSU RICHARD 0720230009 BOAKYE ELVIS 0720230011 TETTEH ROLAND 0720230019 ISHMAEL AMU MENSAH 0720230024 ARTHUR STEPHEN 0720230025 OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION BRIEF HISTORY MEANING OF RENAISSANCE CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE CONCEPTS OF ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE MASTERS IN ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE RISE OF INTELLECTUALS CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Renaissance art is clearly noticed as a gradual shift from the abstract art forms of the medieval period to the representational forms of the 15th century However, this has played a major role and impact on the middle ages even to date. BRIEF HISTORY OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE The origin of Renaissance Art can be traced to Italy in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Italian Renaissance was experienced between the 14th Century and the 17th century. It involved the development of a culture that spread across Europe It marked the transition from the Middle ages to modernity. BRIEF HISTORY OF NORTHERN RENAISSANCE The Northern Renaissance began around the year 1430 A.D Ideas of Humanism began to spread around Europe and resulted in renaissance movements in Germany, France, England, Poland etc. It began in Northern Europe and areas outside Italy. When Dutch artist Jan Van Eyck borrowed the Italian renaissance technique of linear perspective, naturalistic observation and a realistic figurative approach for his paintings. MEANING OF RENAISSANCE Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth” • Renaissance simply means “ rebirth, re-awakening or revival”. • It is the revival of European art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th to 16th centuries. Renaissance Art - Refers to all arts and literature produced during the 14th -16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE The Dark AgesIt began at the end of the Roman Empire around the 5th century to The 14th century lasting 900years. It is categorized into three stages namely; Early, High Middle and Late Middle Ages. In the dark ages the Catholic Church was the only church in Europe, it had its own laws and had its representatives seated on the King’s council, playing major roles in government. The Church was a powerful force in Medieval Ages, it was the single most dominant institution in medieval life. The Church was Plagued with corruption and scandal in the late middle ages. CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE The Fall Of Constantinople Constantinople was first a Greek colony and transit point which was known as Lygos, the Romans conquered it and named it Byzantium and was the seat of the Byzantine Empire i.e The Eastern Roman Empire. The name was changed from Byzantium to Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Ottoman Empire which was founded by Osman I of Anatolia in the year 1299, saw to the fall of the city. The city fell in the year 1460, siege was led by Mehmed II, under the reign of Constantine XI. The name was later changed to what should become modern day Istanbul. After the fall of Constantinople, many Greek scholars fled from Constantinople to Italy, where they were humbly welcomed. CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE The Rediscovery of Greco-Roman texts – • Francesco Petrarca was a philosopher and poet whose rediscovery of the letters and literature of M. Tullius Cicero is credited as the beginning of the 14th Century Renaissance. • The rediscovery of classical Greek Philosophy, such as that of Protagoras who said “Of all things the measure is Man, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not”. These discoveries were so illuminating that, it eventually sparked a movement that brought about the rebirth. CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE The Emergence of Humanism • Humanism was a movement that wielded a keen sense of revival in the study of Classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe. • This movement was exhumed due to the curious and game changing nature of scholars and learned citizens in society at the time.( Humanists) • It emphasized the importance of creating citizens who were able to engage in the civil life of their community. • It affected areas such as Classical Art, Architecture, Politics, Science and Literature. Some examples of Humanists • Francesco Petrarca (Father of Humanism) • Martin Luther • Albert Durer (Leonardo Of The North) Images of Humanists Martin Luther Francesco Petrarca CAUSES OF RENAISSANCE Increased Interaction between different cultures CONCEPTS OF ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Northern Artistic Renaissance focused more on empirical observation and accurately paying attention to details of visual reality. The Italian Artistic Renaissance, however accurately portrayed visual reality through proportion, perspective and human anatomy. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE This was a period which began in the 15th and 16th centuries. It is known for the transition from the middle ages to modernity. By the beginning of the 15th century, Europe’s dark ages were coming to an end. During this time, art in Europe was usually religious and though often rendered in expressive detail, displayed little interest in perspective and realism. They emulated classical sculpture in their work. NORTHERN RENAISSANCE This is the period in which artist, North of The Alps namely, Netherland, Belgium, Germany, France and England adopted and adapted the ideas of the Italian Renaissance. It is characterized by a realistic approach to improve techniques and a proliferation of printmaking. It started in the last years of the 14th Century and later spread around Europe. MASTERS IN ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Italian Michelangelo Bournarotti Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci Sandro Botticelli Raphael Sanzio Filippo Brunelleschi Northern Jan Van Eyck Albert Durer Peter Bruegel The Elder Hans Holbein The Younger Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci Jan Van Eyck Michel Angelo Francesco Petrarca Giotto Di Bondone Raphael Sanzio Albert Durer RISE OF INTELLECTUALS In view of the causes emphasized earlier on which led to renaissance, a wide range of intellectuals came into the scene. • This caused the awakening or the rebirth of classical artistic expressions. Starting from the 13th century. Names Of Intellectuals • • • • • Giotto Di Bondone Francesco Petrarca Michel Angelo Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci Martin Luther TECHNIQUES USED IN RENAISSANCE ART • Perspective • Foreshortening • Sfumato • Chiaroscuro • Balance And Proportion CONCLUSION • Renaissance helped to bring an end to the symbolic and unreal forms of the middle ages. This is due to the artist’s desire to critically study the human body and every other thing in nature with accuracy. • We boldly conclude that renaissance art was the “period of perfection”. RECOMMENDATION • Individual upcoming artist must have a willful heart to deliberately learn from this great masters of renaissance art even if they see it as a risk. • “Success we say goes to the willingness to take risk”. REFERENCES • S.Woodford, An Introduction to Greek Art, 1986, Duckworth. • J.Tanner, The Invention of Art History in Ancient Greece: Religion, Society and Artistic Rationalisation, 2006 p. 97 • Boateng, O. K, Discovering General Knowledge in Art, 2007 ISBN • 978-9988-1-8030 • Herzel. C, Heroes Of The Church, 1971 p. 50 • Cartwight M. 1453: The Fall Of Constantinople,www.worldhistoryencyclopedia.com, Jan 2018.
