National
Service
Training
Program 1
Module 11: Environmental Protection
w/ special topic about The Role of NSTP
Student Leaders on Climate Change by
Passe, Carmelita M. et al.
Objectives
Discuss the kind of
pollution and how to
prevent it.
Overview
This session focuses on the kinds of pollution and
its effects on our environment and how we can
help protect our environment.
The Role of
NSTP
Student
Leaders on
Climate
Change
Ms. Carmelita M. Passe
Media Production Specialist III
Climate Change Office
Environmental Management Bureau
How to Address Climate
Change
Mitigation
Adaptation
Mitigation
Human intervention or actions to
 reduce the sources or
 enhance the sinks
of greenhouse gases (GHG) aimed at reducing the extent of
global warming. (IPCC- FAR)
Energy
 Improved supply and
distribution efficiency
 Combined heat and power
 Renewable energy
Transport
 Hybrid vehicles
 Biofuels
 Shift to public mass transport
systems
 Non-motorized transport
Industry
– More efficient
electrical equipment
– Heat and power recovery
– Material recycling and
substitution
Agriculture
– Improved crop and grazing land
management to increase soil
carbon storage
– Improved livestock and manure
management to reduce CH4
emissions
– Avoid burning of agricultural
wastes
Forestry Sector
–
Reforestation
–
Afforestation
–
Forest management
–
Reduced deforestation
–
Use of forestry products for bioenergy to replace fossil
fuel use
Waste Management
– Landfill methane recovery
– Composting of organic waste
– Recycling and waste
minimization
Adaptation
 Increase the resilience and coping
capacity of the sector taking into
account current and future changes
Water Sector
 Rainwater harvesting
 Encourage adoption of new
environment-friendly technology for
efficient water use and water
conservation
Agriculture
 Crop diversification
 Change of crop or crop variety
 Crop insurance
Health Sector
 Sanitary practices
 Preventive care(e.g., vaccines)
 Information and awareness
 Health surveillance and
monitoring
Disaster Risk Reduction
 Emergency preparedness
 Early warning system
 Evacuation plan
What you can do!
– Promote awareness on climate change in
school and in your home
– Update yourself on the latest information
on climate change
– Get involved in projects on mitigation and
adaptation
– Practice a climate-friendly lifestyle
Background
Environmental Protection is a practice of protection the
environment, on individual, organizational or governmental
level, for the benefit of the natural environment and (or)
humans. Due to the pressures of population and our technology
the Biophysical Environment is being degraded, sometimes
permanently. This has been recognized and governments began
placing restraints on activities that caused Environmental
Degradation. Since the 1960s activism by the environmental
movement ha created awareness of the various environmental
issues. There is not a full agreement on the extent of the various
environmental impacts of human activity and protection
measures are occasionally criticized.
Kinds of Pollution
Air Pollution
 To be a pollutant, a material has to be potentially harmful to
life. A layer above the Earth’s surface supports life it is known
as troposphere. Air pollution has existed since first used fire.
Almost all air pollutants is the result of burning fossil fuel,
either in your home, by industry in internal combustion
engine. Some serious consequences are:
 Acid Rain
 Ozone Layer Depletion
 Photochemical Smog
 Greenhouse Effect
Kinds of Pollution
Land Pollution
 Littering is one of the main effects of land pollution
today. Land pollution is also soil pollution of which has
deposits of solid waste, non-biodegradable materials,
and poisons. Land pollution has a mass globally,
everyday threatening the very foundation and
mechanical support of every matter on Earth.
Statistically, it has been shown that:
 There is a loss of 6 million hectares of land per year.
 There is a loss of 24 billion tons of topsoil per year.
Kinds of Pollution
 Water Pollution
 There is no such thing as naturally pure water. As water flows
into ground and filters through layers of soil and rock in the
ground, it dissolve and absorbs the substances that it touches,
some of these substances are harmless. These some
substances are man-made chemicals, and are considered
contaminants that can make water unsafe. Some contaminants
come from erosion of natural rock formation. Others come
from factories, applied to farm lands, or used by consumers.
Reports tell which contaminants are in your drinking water,
and at which level they were found.
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
 Section 1. Short Title. – this Act shall be known as
the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000.”
 Section 2. Declaration of Policies – it is hereby
declared the policy of the State to adopt a
systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid
waste management program which shall:
 Ensure the protection of the public health and
environment;
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
 Utilized environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization
of valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and
recovery;
 Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume
reduction through source reduction and waste minimization
measures, including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green
charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and
disposal in appropriate and environmentally sound solid waste
management facilities inn accordance with ecologically sustainable
development principles;
 Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage,
treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formation and
adoption of the best environmental practice in ecological waste
management excluding incineration;
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
 Promote National Research and Development Programs for
improved solid waste management and resource conservation
techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and
indigenous and improved methods of waste reduction,
collection, separation and recovery;
 Encourage greater private sector participation is solid waste
management;
 Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste
management with local government units while establishing a
cooperative effort among the National Government, other
local government units, non-government organizations, and
the private sector;
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
 Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste
generators through the application of market-based
instruments;
 Institutionalize public participation in the development and
implementation, comprehensive and ecological waste
management programs; and of national and local
integrated
 Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste
management and resource conservation and recovery
topics in the academic curricula of formal and non-formal
education in order to promote environmental awareness
and action among the citizenry.
Types of waste identified by RA
9003
 A solid waste does not flow like water or gas.
Examples include paper, wood, metals, and glass,
plastic and contaminated soil. Solid waste can be
hazardous or non-hazardous. Problems associated
with non-hazardous solid waste include aesthetic
problems (litter and odors), leachate from the
infiltration of water through the waste, and off gases
resulting from biodegradation. Nonhazardous solid
wastes are commonly handled by recycling,
combustion, land filling, and composting.
Types of waste identified by RA
9003
– Liquid wastes must be transported in containers or through
pipes. Examples include sewage, contaminated ground water,
and industrial liquid discharges. In some cases, direct
discharge to the environment may be allowed. However,
depending on the waste’s characteristics, direct discharge may
cause unacceptable environmental harm. Fro example, large
amounts of sewage discharged into a stream can result in fish
kills. Liquid wastes containing excreta can contain pathogenic
organisms. Other liquid wastes may be toxic. Liquid wastes are
often handled at wastewater treatment plants, followed by
discharge to the environment.
Types of waste identified by
RA 9003
 Gaseous wastes, of course, consists of gases. They are
primarily generated by combustion (e.g. internal
combustion engines, incinerators, coal-fired electrical
generating plants) and industrial processes. Depending on
their characteristics, gaseous wastes can be odiferous or
toxic. Some are implicated in global warming, ozone
depletion, and smog. Gaseous wastes may be released to
the atmosphere or captured/treated with pollution control
equipment.
Types of waste identified by
RA 9003
 Hazardous wastes pose a substantial present or potential
danger to human health or the environment. They can be
solid, sludge, liquid, or gas. Hazardous wastes have at least
one of the following characteristics: corrosivity, ignitability,
reactivity, and toxicity. Hazardous chemical-physicalbiological treatment, and land filling.
Types of waste identified by
RA 9003
 Radioactive wastes emit particles or electromagnetic
radiation (e.g. alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and
x-rays). Radioactive wastes can be high level, transuranic, or
low level. High level radioactive wastes are from spent or
reprocessed nuclear reactor fuel. Transuranic wastes are from
isotopes above uranium in the periodic table. They are
generally low in radio activity, but have long half-lives. Lowlevel wastes have little radioactivity and can often be handled
with little or no shielding. Radiation can damage living cells
and cause cancer. Although recycling and incineration may
reduce waste amounts, the primary method for handling
radioactive wastes is long-term storage.
Types of waste identified by
RA 9003
 Medical wastes, that is, wastes generated at
medical facilities, can be infectious, toxic, and/or
radioactive. Though they may have hazardous
characteristics, they are not regulated as
hazardous wastes. Some medical wastes are
sterilized, disinfected, or incinerated, especially
infectious wastes. Recycling and land filling are
also used to dispose them.
Ways to Prevent Air
Pollution
 The fact that human activities contribute the most to air
pollution, considering the harmful effects of air pollution, now
it is very essential that everyone should contribute a bit to
prevent air pollution. There are certain ways that one can help
to reduce the emission of air pollutants in the atmosphere.
Following are some tips for preventing air pollution:
 Car Pool: forming and implementing a car pool will reduce the
number of cars, thereby, preventing air pollution by cutting
down the use of fossil fuels. This way, it will help in the
sustainable use of fossil fuel and its conservation for the future
generations.
Ways to Prevent Air
Pollution
 Vehicle Care: Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a
good condition and also minimizes fuel exhaust. Driving the
car at an average speed and turning off in traffic is a key to
save fuel. Make sure to use unleaded petrol and opt for
regular pollution checking of your car.
 Public Transport: Whenever possible, try to travel by public
transports. This helps in two ways; prevents air pollution and
increases public income. If you are going to a nearby place, go
by walking or use bicycle, instead of using your vehicle. The
objective is to minimize the use of fuels, as far as possible.
Ways to Prevent Air
Pollution
 Alternative Energy Source: Another effective way to prevent
air pollution is to use alternative energy sources such as solar
energy, hydroelectric energy and wind energy. Nowadays,
sophisticated technologies such as wind turbine, solar water
heaters are introduced to generate electricity and other
energy forms for the household use.
 Saving Energy: Saving energy will, of course, help to prevent
air pollution. Switch off the lights, fans, air conditioners,
televisions, and other appliances, when not in use. You can
also share a room with others when the air conditioner or fan
is on, instead of switching them on in every room.
Ways to Prevent Air
Pollution
 Minimize Air Pollutants: Always try to minimize smoke
emission, as it can contribute to air pollution. One way is to
compost dried leaves and kitchen wastes, instead of
burning them. Composting will also give you organic
fertilizer for your garden. While buying the products,
always choose air-friendly and recyclable products that will
minimize the emission of pollutants.
Protect Water Sources
Total Water Management:
Encourages planning and management on a
natural water systems basis through a
dynamic process that adopts to changing
conditions;
Balances competing uses of water through
efficient allocation that addresses social
values, cost effectiveness, and environmental
benefits and costs;
Protect Water Sources
– Requires the participation of all units of government and
stakeholders in decision-making through a process of
coordination and conflict resolution;
– Promotes water conservation, reuse source protection. And
sipply development to enhance water quality and quantity;
and
– Fosters public health, safety, and community goodwill.
Clean Air Act
 The Clean Air Act is the federal law designed to make sure
that all Americans have air that is safe to breath. Public
Health Protection is the primary goal, though the law also
seeks to protect our environment from damage caused by
air pollution.
Bibliography
Dela Cruz, Sonia G. (2005). National Development via
National Service Training Program. Mandaluyong City: Books
Atbp. Publishing Corp
Del Rosario, Ed. D. (2012). Resurreccion et. al. National
Service Training Program 1. Bulacan: St. Andrew Publishing
House.
Lee, Sergio J. (2007). National Service Training Program: 2nd
Edition. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Passe, Carmelita M. et al. The Role of NSTP Student Leaders
on Climate Change : Power Point. November 29, 2012