SPEECH AND
STAGE ARTS
The Concepts of Speech Communication
The word communication originated from the Latin word
communicare, which means “to impart”, “to share”, or
“make common”
Communication is a process where a sender encodes and
imparts information via a channel or a medium to a
receiver, who, then, decodes and provides the sender a
feedback
SCHARAMM’S DIAGRAM
OF FIELD EXPERIENCE
SOURCE
SIGNAL
DESTINATION
The Concepts of Speech Communication
Speech communication involves the production and
perception of sounds used in spoken language. It also
called oral communication.
Communication means getting the message across. In
speech communication, it involves not only verbal, or the
words we speak, but also non-verbal, or non-linguistic
symbols (also known as paralanguage)
The Concepts of Speech Communication
Listening is important in communication. By providing
verbal and non-verbal feedbacks, or both, the listener
becomes an active participant in the communication
process.
The Levels or the Context of Speech
Communication
Intrapersonal is the level of communication involves only
himself/herself. It includes his/her inner thoughts, beliefs,
and feeling. It is undertaken in order to clarify ideas,
analyze situations, or reflect upon something.
Interpersonal This level of communication involves an
exchange between a sender and a receiver of a message,
who are in a interdependent relation
My Friend’s Fictional Life
In this activity, what you do is you get up in front of people (you
can do it home by yourself as well) and you take one of your
friends and you introduce them. However, instead of introducing
them in the normal way you make up a fictional life for them.
So you say, hi this is Jane Smith, and she actually moonlights as a
jazz pianist for the underground mafia. And you talk about her
life, whatever it may be.
So this is fun because it makes you been creative, it’s very easy to
think of these things on the spot and just roll with it. It’s generally
pretty funny as well.
THE SPEECH
MECHANISM
Organs of Speech
 Respiratory System
 Phonatory System
 Resonatory System
 Articulatory System
The
respiratory
system
consists of lungs, diaphragm
and the bronchial tubes which
lead to the throat. During
speech, the lungs take in air
rapidly and let it out slowly.
LUNGS
Serve as the
reservoir of air
As you inhale, fill
the lungs
comfortably in
preparation for
speaking.
Diaphragm
A large sheet of
muscle separating
the chest cavity
from the abdomen
Forms the floor of
the chest and the
roof of the
abdomen
Gives pressure to
the breath stream
BREATHING EXERCISE:
1. Sit up straight. Exhale.
2. Inhale and, at the same time, relax the belly muscles. Feel as
though the belly is filling with air.
3. After filling the belly, keep inhaling. Fill up the middle of your
chest. Feel your chest and rib cage expand.
4. Hold the breath in for a moment, then begin to exhale as slowly
as possible.
5. As the air is slowly let out, relax your chest and rib cage. Begin
to pull your belly in to force out the remaining breath.
6. Close your eyes, and concentrate on your breathing.
7. Relax your face and mind.
8. Let everything go.
●The
phonatory
system
is
responsible for the vibration of the
vocal folds. The vocal folds produce
voice when they vibrate rapidly, that
is, when an airstream passes them.
●The function of the larynx as a
vibration source is called phonation.
Larynx
Principal organ of
phonation
Found at the top
of the trachea
Protuberance is
known as the
“Adam’s apple”
Vocal Cords
A pair of
bundles of
muscles and
cartilages
Open and close
at various
degrees
Trachea
Also known as
windpipe
Passageway of
air going up
from the lungs
PHONATION EXERCISE
1. Think about blowing out birthday
candles.
2. Begin to blow and then turn the breath
into an "ooo" sound on a comfortable
pitch. Feel the tone begin in the
breathing muscles.
3. Repeat
Resonator
The voice produced in phonation is
weak. It becomes strong and rich only
when amplified and modified by the
human resonators. Resonation is the
process of voice amplification and
modification.
Pharynx
 Common passageway for air
and food
 Located behind the nose and
mouth and includes the
cavity at the back of the
tongue
 Divisions of the pharynx:
Nasal pharynx
Oral pharynx
Laryngeal pharynx
Nose
 Consists of the external and
internal portions
 Nostrils – openings of the
external nose
 Nasal cavity – internal nose;
directly behind the external
nose through which the air
passes on its way to the
pharynx
 Septum – divides the external
and internal nose into two
separate passageways
Mouth
 Divided into the vestibule
and the oral cavity proper
 Vestibule – felt by placing
the tongue tip outside the
teeth but inside the lips
 Oral cavity – felt by
retracting the tongue,
closing the jaws and
moving the tongue about
RESONATION EXERCISE: Pronounce the letters
according to its size. (biggest letters mean
loudest sounds)
A
o
u
b
a
a
b
m
p
k
e
i
m
t
h
e
i
b
l
h
o
m
p
n
b
u
n
p
o
v
RESONATION EXERCISE: Read the black
syllables softest and the red syllables
loudest.
Pa
Ma
La
Ta
Ba
Fa
Va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
pa
ma
la
ta
ba
fa
va
Articulation occurs when the tone
produced in the larynx is changed
into specific sounds. This is the
result of the movement of the
articulators towards the points of
articulation.
Lips
Highly flexible
Can be moved
into numerous
positions
essential to
articulation
Teeth
Serve as important
surfaces in
articulation
Embedded in the
alveolar ridge or
gum ridges of the
oral cavity
Uvula
Small nub on the
lower border of the
soft palate
Movable tip at the
midline of the free
border of the soft
palate
Velum
Also known as the soft
palate
Separates the nasal
pharynx from the oral
cavity
A flexible curtain
attached along the rear
border of the hard
palate
Tongue
 Flexible organ consisting of
muscles, glands and connective
tissues
 Parts of the tongue:
Apex or tip
Blade
Front
Center
Back
root