Le Hong Phong High School
ELT Department
Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
UNIT 10: SOURCES OF ENERGY
Vấn nạn toàn cầu: global issues
Nạn phá rừng: deforestation
Vô gia cư: homelessness
Động vật tuyệt chủng: animal extinction
Phân biệt chủng tộc: racial discrimination / racism
Nạn mù chữ: illiteracy
Dịch bệnh: pandemic
Trái đất nóng dần lên: global warming
Ô nhiễm: Pollution
1.
Be close to extinction = be on the verge of extinction
2.
Deadly (adj) = causing death (e.g. COVID-19 will now be the official name of the deadly virus
from China.)
3.
Conflict (n): mâu thuẫn
4.
Landfill site (n): bãi rác
5.
Smog = smoke + fog
6.
Racial discrimination = racism (n)
7.
Sue (v): kiện ai ra tòa
8.
Animal shelter (n): a place that provides care and protection to animals in need
9.
Feed (v) ON sth: ăn cái gì (dùng cho động vật)
10.
Flicker (v): nhấp nháy
11.
Livestock (n): gia cầm (e.g. The locals are killing tigers to protect their livestock.)
12.
Local (n): dân địa phương
13.
Plain (n): đồng bằng
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Le Hong Phong High School
ELT Department
Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
14.
Trick (v) Sb INTO doing sth: dụ dỗ ai làm gì
15.
Emit (v): thải ra  emissions (pl): khói thải
16.
Break out (phr): bùng nổ, bùng phát
17.
Break up (phr): chia tay, chấm dứt, tàn tiệc, bãi họp, nghỉ hè
e.g. The party didn’t break up until after midnight.
Schools break up next week.
18.
Put sth across = explain ideas or beliefs
19.
Put sth forward = suggest an idea (e.g. The mayor put forward a plan to reduce air pollution.)
20.
Bring about sth = cause sth to happen
21.
Run sth over = explain sth quickly
e.g. I’ll run over the main points only.
22.
Set off = start a journey
23.
Set up = establish sth
24.
Carry out sth = implement sth (tiến hành làm gì)
25.
Sturdy (adj) /ˈstɜːdi/: chắc chắn (e.g. a sturdy pair of boots)
26.
Graffiti (n) /ɡrəˈfiːti/: hình vẽ trên tường
27.
Traffic congestion (n) = traffic jam
28.
Health clinic (n): phòng khám
29.
Appalled (adj) / appalling (adj) = shocked / shocking
30.
use Sth up = use all of Sth (e.g. We’ll use up natural resources sooner or later.)
31.
run out = be used up (e.g. Natural resources will run out sooner or later.)
run out of Sth = use up a supply of Sth (e.g. There are concerns that we will run out of natural
resources sooner or later)
32.
exploit (v)  exploitation (n)  exploitative (adj)
33.
energy (n)  energetic (adj) = active / dynamic  energetically (adv)  energize (v)
e.g. A pay rise will energize the workers.
34.
renew (v) : tái tạo, gia hạn  renewal (n) renewable (adj) ≠ non-renewable (adj)
35.
consist OF Sth = to be formed from two or more things = be made up of Sth
e.g. My diet consists largely of vegetables.
consist IN Sth = to be based on Sth
e.g. Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.
36.
fossil fuel = fuel such as coal or oil (nhiên liệu hóa thạch)
 fossilize (v): never change or develop
37.
fundamental (adj) TO Sth = necessary and important (thiết yếu)  fundamentals (n)
38.
smoke-free (Compound adj) = non-smoking  Noun + -free
39.
smoke (n)  smoky (adj)  smokeless (adj) = burning without producing smoke  smoker (n) ≠
non-smoker (n)  non-smoking area
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Le Hong Phong High School
ELT Department
Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
 smoked sausage  a haze of smoke
40.
environment-friendly (Compound adj)  Noun + Adj
41.
Exhausted (adj): cạn kiệt (e.g. Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time.) ≠
inexhaustible (adj)  exhaustion (n)
42.
̀ năng lươ
̣ ng thay thê ́
Alternative source of energy: nguôn
43.
Geothermal heat: địa nhiệt
44.
Windmill (n): côí xay gió
45.
Dam (n): đập
46.
Release (v): phóng ra (e.g. The sun releases large amounts of energy every day.)
47.
̀  plenty of Sth
Plentiful (adj): nhiêu
48.
Indefinite (adj): không giới hạn (e.g. Solar energy is plentiful and indefinite.)
49.
̣ ng
Make use of Sth: tận du
50.
̀ năng
Potential /pəˈtenʃl/(n) (adj): tiêm
PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from the others.
1.
a. diversity
b. petroleum
c. biology
2.
a. energy
b. advantage
c. biomass
3.
a. solar
b. cycle
c. indoors
4.
a. energetic
b. humanity
c. electrician
5.
a. import (v)
b. export (v)
c. account
6.
a. manure
b. fossil
c. prospect (n)
7.
a. arduous
b. operate
c. resources
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
8.
a. grind
b. dine
c. stripe
9.
a. exploitation
b. expectation
c. preparation
10. a. generate
b. college
c. gesture
GUIDED CLOZE
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
fundamental
arduous
indoor
manufacture
garment
rural
generate
d. service
d. electricity
d. colleague
Choose the most suitable option to complete the passage.
When man first learned how to make a fire, he began to use fuel for the first time. The first fuel he used was (1) _______
wood. As time (2) _______, man eventually discovered that substances such as coal and oil would burn.
Coal was not used very widely as a source of energy (3) _______ the end of the 19th century. With the coming of the
industrial revolution, it was (4) _______ realized that production would double if coal was used instead of wood.
Nowadays, (5) _______ the huge factories and electricity generating stations would be unable to function if there was no
coal.
In the last forty or fifty years, (6) _______, the use of coal has declined. As a result, there have been changes in the coal
industry. It is believed that more people would use coal if oil and gas were not so readily (7) _______.
There is more than enough coal in the world for man’s needs for the next two hundred years (8) _______ our use of coal
doesn’t increase. (9) _______, however, about half of the world’s coal may never be used. (10) _______ much of it would
be very expensive even if it was possible to use new equipment.
1. A. surely
2. A. spent
3. A. until
4. A. soon
5. A. many
6. A. therefore
7. A. available
8. A. whether
9. A. Luckily
10. A. Exploring
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
probably
took
as
early
none
but
plentiful
unless
Unfortunately
Discovering
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
likely
passed
in
shortly
lot of
however
rich
otherwise
Undoubtedly
Mining
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
notably
blew
by
immediately
many of
so
abundant
if
Obviously
Digging
Renewable energy resources are those that (1)__________ be replenished quickly—examples are solar power, biomass,
geothermal, hydroelectric, (2)__________ power, and fast-reaction nuclear power. Renewable energy sources supply
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Le Hong Phong High School
ELT Department
Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
about seven (3)__________ of energy needs in the United States; the other 93 percent comes from (4)__________
sources. The two largest categories of renewable energy now in use in the U.S. are (5)__________— primarily wood
wastes that are used by the forest products industry to (6)_________ electricity and heat — and hydroelectricity.
In most (7) __________, fossil energy resources are currently more affordable and easier to store and transport than
renewable sources. For renewable energy to become (8) __________ used, many hurdles must be overcome—most
related to producing and distributing renewable energy more economically.
How far into the future will energy resources be available to supply our needs? The sustainability of any particular energy
resource is an important consideration in determining where to invest in energy technology and infrastructure. All energy
resources, (9)__________ renewable or nonrenewable, must be used efficiently and sustainably (10) _______ safeguard
the future for ourselves and our children.
1. a. can
b. should
c. must
d. might
2. a. breeze
b. windy
c. wind
d. breezy
3. a. parts
b. percentage
c. percent
d. proportion
4. a. renewable
b. nonrenewable
c. irrenewable
d. nonrenewed
5. a. biomass
b. solar energy
c. wind power
d. coal
6. a. generate
b. supply
c. conduct
d. consume
7. a. situations
b. cases
c. problems
d. places
8. a. more
b. less
c. more widely
d. very much
9. a. whether
b. neither
c. even
d. if
10. a. with a view to
b. in order to
c. in addition to
d. so as not to
WORD FORMS
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the given words.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
About 200 ____biologists________ from all over the world are attending this conference. (biology)
____Non-renewable_______ energy sources cannot be ___reformed______ in a short time, but _renewable______
energy sources can. (renew – form – renew))
She has been working ___energetically_________ on the project. (energy)
The new _electrician____________ is responsible for dealing with all __electrical_________ problems in the factory.
(electrify / electrify)
Compliments usually ____energize________ young children and make them work harder. (energy)
____Solar________ energy is said to be ___unpolluted_______________. (sun – pollution)
There’s about twenty of us, ___icluding__________the instructor. (include)
It’s the _____purity___________ in gemstones that give them their colors. (pure)
Save the children is a _______unprofitable_____________organization. (profit)
_____Encouraging________remarks often make people work harder whereas ___discouraging_________ ones make
them disheartened. (courage)
We need to raise fund to run _____literacy_________classes for _____illerate_____________adults. (literate)
As biogas is ____smog___________, it helps solve the problem of indoor air pollution. (smoke)
Some plants roll up their leaves during the hottest parts of the day to reduce the area ___exposing_________to
sunlight or wind. (expose)
The main use of biogas is for cooking and _________heating_______ (hot)
The _____lightning_________system in this factory needs improving. (light)
Shells last almost ___definitely____________ without being attacked by insects. (definite)
Wind energy is one of the ______alternative_________energy sources. (alter)
This is a ____smoke-free_____________flight. Could you refrain from smoking? (smoke)
If your child has difficulty _____breathing_________, take him to the hospital immediately. (breathe)
Undoubtedly, the Internet has its ___limitaion_______________(limit)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When non-renewable energy sources are used ____________, we will have to find new ones.
a. out
b. up
c. over
d. off
2. Hard work is fundamental ____________ success.
a. for
b. with
c. to
d. by
3. When introduced ____________ girls, Tom was embarrassed.
a. with
b. to
c. for
d. Ø
4. Kids should be exposed ____________ sunlight.
a. by
b. with
c. to
d. on
5. To get back to his hometown, he had to make a(n)____________ journey through the Andes.
a. fundamental
b. arduous
c. exhausted
d. breathless
6. ____________ energy comes from heat and can be generated easily.
a. Nuclear
b. Hydroelectric
c. Biological
d. Thermal
7. Methane, which is produced by dead plants, is a kind of ____________.
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Le Hong Phong High School
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Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
a. nuclear energy
b. fossil fuel
c. biogas
d. biochemistry
The ____________ here will provide you with all information about him.
a. biodata
b. biodiversity
c. biology
d. autograph
9. The farm ____________ which she lives belongs to her mother.
a. in
b. of
c. on
d. with
10. Religion is the subject ___________ people hold very firm opinions on.
a. to which
b. of which
c. whose
d. that
11. No one cares about the starving people ___________.
a. whose aid is intended for
b. that the aid is intended for
c. for the aid is intended
d. whom the aid is intended
12. January 7th is the date ___________we finally decided.
a. when
b. which
c. on which
d. in which
13. That is the tallest building ____________
a. collapsed
b. collapsing
c. to collapse
d. to be collapsed
14. The child would be happier if he had someone______________
a. playing
b. to play with
c. to play
d. who to play
15. Those who are ________ to cigarette smoke may have as many risks as smokers.
a. suffered
b. generated
c. exposed
d. operated
16. The brochure _______ could help you make your decision easily.
a. that sends to you
b. I sent you
c. sending to you
d. which I sent it to you
17. Crowns of olive leaves _______ to winners of Olympic Games in the past just had symbolic values.
a. given
b. were given
c. are given
d. giving
18. We are not going to answer any question ______ by the local reporters.
a. raised
b. raising
c. to be raised
d. being raised
19. People must make full __________ of the alternative sources of energy.
a. profit
b. use
c. potential
d. interest
20. Plant waste and animal manure cost almost nothing, ________they are valuable _________ for generating power.
a. but/resources
b. yet/sources
c. however/sources
d. so / resources
8.
READING
PASSAGE 1
The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many communities are burning garbage
and other biological waste products to produce electricity. Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient
way to dispose of wastes.
Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale, and coal tars. But to date, that
process has proven expensive. Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmills. Geothermal
power is also being tested.
Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers. Fifty years ago
hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only 4 percent.
The oceans are another potential source of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean
currents, tides, and waves to electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in
ocean water to produce energy.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The use of water products for energy
B. The search for alternative sources of energy
C. Efficient ways of disposing of wastes
D. New discoveries in geothermal power
2. Which of the following is not mentioned as an efficient way to dispose of wastes?
A. burning garbage
B. deriving synthetic fuels from coals, oil shale, and coal tars
C. converting waste products to gases or oil
D. burning biological waste products
3. Which of the following has already been in use rather than under experiment?
A. synthetic fuels from coal and coal tars.
B. power from giant windmills
C. hydroelectric power from streams and rivers D. electricity derived from ocean currents, tides, and waves
4. What can be inferred about hydroelectric power?
A. It provides 4 percent of the electricity used in the US.
B. It provides over 30 percent of the electricity used in the US.
C. It provides one-third of the electricity used in the US.
D. It supplies more electricity today than it did fifty years ago.
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Le Hong Phong High School
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Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
5. According to the text, deriving synthetic energy from coals, oil shale, and coal tars is impractical because
A. it is money-consuming
B. it is time-consuming
C. sources are scarce and hard to find
D. of the lack of technology
6. The phrase ‘synthetic fuels’ could be best replaced by
A. Biological fuels
C. low burning fuels
B. Fast burning fuels
D. Artificially made fuels
7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an alternative source of energy?
A. energy of ocean currents
C. nuclear power
B. hydroelectric power
D. heat from the sun
PASSAGE 2
It is hard to think of a world without gas or electricity. Both are commonly used for lighting and heating today. We
now can instantly flick a lighter or strike a match to make a flame. But it was not long ago that there were no such
things as matches or lighters. To make fire, it was necessary to strike a piece of iron on flint
for sparks to ignite some tinder. If the tinder was damp, or the flint old, you had to borrow some fire from a
neighbor.
We do not know exactly when or how people first used fire. Perhaps, many ages ago, they found that sticks would
burn if they were dropped into some hole where melted lava from a volcano lay boiling. They brought the lighted sticks
back to make their fire in a cave. Or, they may have seen trees catch fire through being struck by lightning, and used the
trees to start their own fires.
Gradually people learned they could start a fire without traveling far to find flames. They rubbed two pieces of wood
together. This method was used for thousands of years.
When people became used to making fires with which to cook food and stay warm at night, they found that certain
resins or gums from trees burnt longer and brighter. They melted resins and dipped branches in the liquid to make
torches that lit their homes at night. Iron stands in which torches used to be fixed can still be
seen in old buildings of Europe.
There was no lighting in city streets until gas lamps, and then electric lamps were installed. Boys ran about London
at night carrying torches of burning material. They were called torch boys, or link boys, and earned a living by guiding
visitors to friends’ houses at night.
For centuries homes were lit by candles until oil was found. Even then, oil lamps were no more effective than a
cluster of candles. We read about the splendors and marvels of ancient palaces and castles, but we forget that
they must have been gloomy and murky places at night.
Câu 1: The word “lighter” in the passage mostly means _________
.
A. a device that uses electricity, oil or gas to produce light
B. a small device that produces a flame for lighting cigarettes, etc.
C. the energy from the sun, a lamp, etc. that makes it possible to see things
D. a hot bright stream of burning gas that comes from something that is on fire
Câu 2: To make a fire in times just before the advent of matches, it was essential to have access to _______.
A. a burning fire or to possess flint
B. a burning fire or to possess iron
C. flint, iron and dry tinder
D. a magnifying glass
Câu 3: The first fire used by people was probably obtained
_______.
A. from the sun’s heat through glass
B. by rubbing wood together
C. from heat or fire caused by nature
D. by striking iron against flint
Câu 4: Torches for lighting were made from _____________ _.
A. the wood of gum trees
B. iron bars dipped in melted resins
C. wooden poles dipped in oil
D. tree branches dipped in melted resins
Câu 5: Before the electric lamp was invented ___________
.
A. oil lamps and then candles were used
B. candles and oil lamps appeared about the same time
C. candles and then oil lamps were used
D. people did not use any form of lighting in their houses
Câu 6: The word “splendors” in the passage mostly means _________ .
A. wonderful things that have been achieved
B. places where a lot of people go on holiday
C. things that fill one with surprise and admiration D. the beautiful and impressive features of a place
Câu 7: Which sentence is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. We know exactly when and how people first used fire.
B. A world is impossible without gas or electricity.
C. We can make a fire by striking a piece of iron on flint to ignite some tinder.
D. Matches and lighters were invented not long ago.
Câu 8: The word “gloomy” in the passage mostly means _________ .
A. totally covered with darkness
B. badly lit in a way that makes one feel sad
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Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
D. full of light; having the natural light of day
Câu 9: What form of street lighting was used in London when link boys used to work there?
A. Gas lighting.
B. No lighting at all.
C. Electric lighting.
D. Oil lighting.
Câu 10: The best title for the passage could be ___
A. Prehistoric People and Fire
C. Different Types of Lamps
.
B. Fire: Discovery and Uses
D. The Advantages of Candles
PASSAGE 3
Tides are the waves caused due to the gravitational pull of the moon and also sun (though its pull is very low). The rise is
called high tide and fall is called low tide. This building up and receding of waves happens twice a day and causes
enormous movement of water. It is so powerful that it has caused many mishaps and resulted in sinking of ships. Thus
tidal energy forms a large source of energy and can be used in some of the coastal areas of the world. Tidal dams are built
near shores for this purpose. During high tide, the water flows into the dam and during low tide, water flows out which
result in turning the turbine.
Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy . Tidal energy is an inexhaustible source of energy. It
is friendly energy and doesn't produce greenhouse gases. Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared to coal, solar
or wind energy. Its efficiency is around 80%. Although cost of construction of tidal power is high but maintenance costs
are relatively low. Tidal Energy doesn’t require any kind of fuel to run.
The life of tidal energy power plant is very long. However, the cost of construction of tidal power plant is high. There are
very few ideal locations for construction of plant and they too are localized to coastal regions only. Intensity of sea waves
is unpredictable and there can be damage to power generation units. Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines,
low tidal rise or fall are some of the obstructions. This technology is still not effective and more technological
advancements are required to make it commercially viable. Usually the places where tidal energy is produced are far
away from the places where it is consumed. This transmission is expensive and difficult.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy B. The uses of tidal energy
C. What tidal energy is
D. The limitations of tidal energy
2. Which of the following is not true as an advantage of tidal energy?
A. Its efficiency is as good as that of coal
B. There is no need for fuel to run it.
C. It is renewable energy
D. It does not cost much to maintain tidal power system
3. What is considered one of the limitations of tidal power?
A. enormous movement of water
B. transmission knowledge
C. greenhouse effect
D. frozen sea
4. What does the word ‘mishaps’ mean?
A. Accidents
B. messes
C. storms
D. phenomena
5. What will probably damage the generation units?
A. low tidal rise
B. short life of tidal power plant
C. lack of technological advancements D. unexpected intensity of waves
6. Why is energy transmission expensive?
A. The technological equipment is costly
B. The construction cost of tidal power plants is high
C. The place of consumption is far from tidal power plants D. The transmission is localized to coastal areas only
7. The word ‘viable’ is closest in meaning to
A. comfortable
B. attractive
C. cheap
D. successful
PASSAGE 4 (THPTQG 2020)
“I have not paid a single electricity bill since the year 1970”, says Richard Perez with noticeable glee. He can afford to be
smug. He lives “off-grid” – unconnected to the power grid and the water, gas and sewerage supplies that most people in
the world rely on. He generates his own electricity, sources his own water deal with his own waste disposal – and he
prefers it that way. “There are times when the grid blacks out,” he says. “I really like the security of having my own
electricity company.”
Perez is not alone. Once the preserve of mavericks, hippies and survivalists, there are now approximately 200,000
off-grid households in the United State of America, a figure that Perez says has been increasing by a third every year for
the past decade. For all of the people who live off-grid, self-sufficiency means guilt-free energy consumption and peace of
mind. “It feels brilliant to make use of clean, free energy that is not from fossil fuel,” says Suzanne Galant, a writer who
lives off-grid in a rural area in Wales. “And if something goes wrong, we can fix it ourselves. Now even urbanites are
seeing the appeal of generating some if not all of their own power So is energy freedom an eco pipe-dream of the
ultimate good life?
Well, there is only one way to find out: begin to explore the possibilities of so hydro-power. But unless you live in
a sunny, south-facing hillside with access to a nearby river or stream, that might prove prohibitively expensive!
There is no doubt that being off-grid has its problems, and it is not always the cheapest way to get the energy you
need. Even so, pioneers like Perez have proved that it can be done, and without giving up a 21st century lifestyle: “I have
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Le Hong Phong High School
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got five personal computers, two laser scanners, two fridge – freezers, a microwave, a convection oven, vacuum cleaners
– you name it” says Perez “There is an external beam antenna on the roof for the phone and a satellite dish for an
Internet connection. I have got 70 kWh in batteries that could last five days. I have too much electricity.” Too much
electricity and no more bills. That has got to be worth aiming for.
(Adapted from English Unlimited by Adrian Doff and Beu Goldaten)
Question 1: Which best servers as the title for the passage?
A. Unplugging from the Grid EA Day in the Life of an ‘Off-gridder
B. No water, No life!
C. A Day in the Life of an ‘Off-gridder’
D. Living without Electricity
Question 2: The phrase ‘blacks out’ in paragraph 1 mostly means _______
A. serves many purposes
B. has no functions
C. fails to work
C. is able to run
Question 3: According to the paragraph 1, Richard Perez has managed to _______
A. provide energy for people in his neighborhood
B. save a lot of money with his own company
C. stay independent of certain public utilities
D. pay off his electricity bills since 1970
Question 4: The word ‘pipe-dream’ in paragraph 2 mostly means _________
A. terrible situation
B. an impractical hope C. a promising vision
D. a real nightmare
Question 5: The word ‘it’ in paragraph 4 refers to ______
A. being a pioneer
B. giving up a
C. being off-grid
D. getting the energy
Question 6: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?
A. The number of ‘off-gridders’ in the US is said to have risen by 33% over the past 10 years.
B. Some city dwellers have shown an interest in producing their own electricity.
C. “Off-gridders” enjoy not doing harm to the environment.
D. People opting for off-grid living used to be considered quite eccentric.
Question 7: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Adopting an off-grid lifestyle is only suitable for low-income people.
B. Leading a 21st century lifestyle means consuming a great deal of electricity.
C. Many ‘Off-gridders’ have made a fortune selling their own electricity.
D. Most people living in temperate regions are against the idea of living off-grid.
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