Chemistry definitions
Atomic structure
1. Atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom.
2. Mass number: protons and neutrons in a nucleus of an
atom.
3. Isotopes: are atoms of the same element have in the same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
4. Relative atomic mass: the average mass of naturally
occurring atoms of an element on a scale where a carbon
12 atom has a mass of exactly 12 units
Types of bonding
1. Ion: a charged particle by losing or gaining electrons.
2. Ionic bond: transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal forming positive and negative charged ions.
3. Valency: electrons lost or gained to reach full outer shell.
4. Giant ionic structure: regular arrangement of alternating
opposite charged -ve and +ve ions.
5. Covalent bonds: sharing of electrons between nonmetals.
6. Molecules atoms held up by covalent bonds
7. Allotropes different structures of the same element
8. Macromolecules: billions of atoms held up by covalent
bonds.
9. Element: simplest form of a pure substance consists of
only one type of atoms and can’t be broken into anything
simpler.
10. Metallic lattice: regularly arranged players of positive
ions embedded in a sea of delocalized electrons.
11. The metallic bond: is the force of attraction between
layers of metals positive ions and the electron sea they’re
embedded in.
12. Compound: Two or more atoms chemically bonded
together.
Redox
1. Redox: reduction and oxidation occur side by side at the
same time during a chemical reaction
2. Reduction: loss of oxygen
3. Oxidation: gain of oxygen
4. An oxidizing agent: a substance that oxidizes something
and being its self-reduced
5. A reducing agent: a substance that reduces something and
being itself oxidized
6.