1 Strength & Conditioning Program for an Off-Season Baseball Infielder Michael Rich The University of West Alabama EX470: Development of Strength & Conditioning Dr. Catalina Casaru February 28, 2023 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 2 Strength & Conditioning Program for an Off-Season Baseball Infielder Introduction Explored and shown below is a 52-week strength and conditioning program for a Division II NCAA baseball player. The athlete plays baseball at the University of West Alabama and plays in the Gulf South Conference. He plays every position in the infield. In this training cycle, he is seeking to gain more stability, agility, explosiveness, and rotational strength. The athlete has a history of lacking hip and shoulder mobility, excessive thoracic extension (especially when weightlifting), and tight hamstrings. This program will be implemented on top of his typical baseball requirements, such as practice, games, workouts, and conditioning. This plan will be particular to the athletes' goals but also seeks to avoid any symptoms of overtraining due to the intense schedule of a college baseball athlete. The program reflects the athlete's level of proficiency and expertise. He has stated and shown through testing that he has a lot of weightlifting experience. The exercises, stretches, mobility, and drills included in this plan are ultimately in place for two reasons: to keep the athlete healthy and performing at the highest level. Individual Profile Name: Jonathan Edwards Sport: Baseball Season: Spring (February to May) Dominant Hand: Right Height: 5'9 Weight: 180 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] Age: 22 Gender: Male BMI: 26.6 3 Resting Measures Resting Blood Pressure: 118/80 mmHg Resting Heart Rate: 78 bpm Girth Measurements Test SITES Test 1 Test 2 3 Average Midabdominal 80 81 80 80.3333 Neck 35 35 36 35.3333 Upper Abdominal 80 80 79 79.6667 Hip 100 101 100 100.3333 Totals: 295 297 295 168 Throwing Shoulder External Rotation: 106 degrees o This number is limited and low, considering he is a throwing athlete. Shoulder flexibility and scapular mobility should be encouraged in exercise and stretching. Throwing Shoulder Internal Rotation: 96 degrees Handgrip Dynamometer (Dominant Right Hand): 45.2 kg Basic Athletic Information One Repetition Max [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] o Back Squat: 335 lbs. o Front Squat: 285 lbs. o Bench Press: 235 lbs. o Deadlift: 385 lbs. o Leg Press: 405 lbs. o Triceps dips to failure: 15 Further Testing and Data Collection Par-Q+: Completed Training Status: Advanced Training Age: Prime Frequency: 4-6 times a week, including baseball activities Average Intensity of Training: Moderate-Vigorous o Endurance Testing: a 1-mile run of 7:48 o VO2 Max: 49.09 ml/kg/min o Push-ups to failure: 45 o Pull-ups to failure: 18 o Curl-ups to failure: 48 Literature Review This program will be implemented on-top of the athlete's normal baseball requirements such as practice, games, workouts, and conditioning. This plan will be very specific to the athletes' goals, but also seeks to avoid any symptoms of overtraining due to the intense schedule of a college baseball athlete. Overtraining syndrome is a multisystemic response to settings of 4 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 5 excessive exercise without the adequate rest needed to recover (Kreher, 2016). "Many athletes sense overtraining by the associate psychological alterations that are often observed before actual decrements in performance occur. Monitoring the mood and mental state of an athlete is very important to gain insights into overtraining" (Haff and Triplett, 2021, p. 110). Congruently, training the core is extremely important to this athlete, especially because of his positioning as an infielder. A stable core is needed to encourage accurate movements, as forces are being harnessed from the ground and then are channeled through the kinetic chain (Klein, Brooks, et al, 2021). Due to this importance, the core circuits seen in the program were created to encourage stability and unrestricted flow of the kinetic chain! The importance of off-season conditioning is massive. During the offseason, if training, mobility, and conditioning are poor and lacking, athletes in the NFL, NBA, and MLB have been found more likely to have a hamstring strain early in the season (Okoroha, et al, 2019). Offseason training directly effects the in-season training. Saying this, solely weightlifting does not adequately prepare the athlete for the coming season. Considering this, mobility is a huge catalyst to having a healthy season. "As a baseball player, you need normal or acceptable range of motion, not gymnastic range of motion. You need stable joints that allow you to apply force through a full, acceptable range of motion" (Coleman, 2022). In a study looking at the correlation between hip mobility and elbow injuries, it was found that "74% of Players that underwent UCL surgery sustained a hip, groin, or hamstring injury within 4 years before or after surgery! That is tremendous evidence that throwing arm injuries tend to be a downstream issue. That means that a deficiency in your lower half to efficiently transfer force up the kinetic chain leads to overcompensation that results in higher chances of throwing arm injuries" (Guadagni, 2019). Recent epidemiologic reports indicate that injuries to [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 6 the shoulder and elbow account for roughly 37% of all practice injuries and 31% of all competition injuries among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) baseball players, making the upper extremity the most frequently injured body region in collegiate baseball players (Croci, 2021). This is exactly why the mobility portion of the program was created for this athlete! The goal is to have him healthy and playing at the highest level possible, and hip, shoulder, and thoracic mobility play a major role! Instruction to Athlete The athlete will be instructed the following warm-up, exercises, stretches, and throwing program listed below. I will be there personally for each training session to monitor form, soreness, output, and progress. "Athlete monitoring is becoming standard practice for maximizing player performance, reducing injury risk, and optimizing competition readiness" (Curtis, 2017). The athlete himself seems to be very self-motivated to reach his goal to gain more stability, agility, explosiveness, and rotational strength, but in the entirety of a 52-week long program, there will be ups and downs. In a study conducted by Ball State University, the perceived effects and awareness of psychological skills on college athletes. "Data analysis showed males were more familiar with five out of six psychological skills when compared to females. This is result is likely due to males showing higher stress levels during training and performance compared to females" (Madera et al., 2021). These findings show the importance of constant encouragements and involvement with athletes as they compete and train. Instruction removes the feeling of being lost or confused especially when intentions, movements, and plans are stated as clearly and repetitively as possible. Considering this, I will be there to monitor and encourage the athlete physically, mentally, and emotionally. The athlete will be instructed to give [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] verbal feedback regarding soreness, pain, and workload to continue to give myself insight to the accuracy of the weight, sets, and reps being implemented. 52-Week Periodization Fitness Plan Dynamic Warm-up All inclusively, every training day will begin with a dynamic warm-up routine. While static stretching before activity is very common to most athletes, the increase in joint range of motion gained from static stretching does not prepare the body adequately in other areas like body temperature, blood flow, functional mobility, and sport-specific movements (Coleman, 2022). Listed below is the dynamic warm-up routine and weeks one through fifty-two of the exercise and mobility program. Side shuffle with an arm swing: 2x10 yards Forward A-skips 2x 10 yards Forward B-Skips 2x10 yards Forwards C-skips 2x10 yards Lunge with a twist and reach 2x10 yards Knee Hugs with calf raise 2x10 yards Carioca 2x10 yards Backpedal 2x10 yards 50% sprint 2x10 yards 75% sprint 2x10 yards Periodization 7 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 8 "Periodization is an organized approach to training that involves progressive cycling of various aspects of a training program during a specific period of time" (Frankel and Kravitz, 2000). The 52-week plan written for this athlete follows a periodization model! There are 3 main branches of the year for baseball athletes. The year starts with a short pre-season in January and is followed by their time in-season from February to early May. The offseason time is considered from June to mid-November and is followed by the restart of the pre-season phase. Low to moderate loads, moderate repetitions, mobility, and tapered conditioning are the main emphasis of the pre-season phase. The athlete should start peaking during the competition time (in-season) by performing exercises with low repetitions and low-moderate intensity. The off-season (preparatory time) emphasizes moderate-vigorous intensity with heavier weight with lower repetitions in compound movements, and higher volume in auxiliary lifts. Listed below are the designed pre-season, in-season, and post-season strength and mobility training cycles written for the athlete. These were carefully written based off the athletes resting measures, completion of the Par-Q+, and several one-rep max and flexibility assessments. Accompanying those findings are the athlete's personal goal for the 52-week training cycle. As listed above the athlete desires to gain more stability, agility, explosiveness, and rotational strength. The program below is set to meet those needs. Training Frequency, Timing, and Cycling The athlete will be given instructions as to the frequency, timing, and cycling of the program. The pre-season and off-season strength training cycles consist of 3 training days for 4 weeks. The in-season cycles consist of only 2 days of training per week due to the increased workload and demand from practice and games. Following, the mobility routine will follow a [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] reciprocal skew with pre-season and off-season having 3 mobility days, and in-season having 4 per week. Pre-season Strength Training Weeks 1-5 Pre-Season Full-Body A (LEGS Emphasis) Superset DB Goblet Squat WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 10 Chest Supported DB Row 3 x 8 Superset RDL 5x 5 @ 50% Push-up to Pike 4 x 10 Superset DB Lateral Goblet Squat 3 x 8 Wide Grip Pull-up 3 x 5-8 Superset Weighted Calf Raises 2 x 10 3-way plank series 2 x 45 sec Pre-Season Full-Body B (PULL Emphasis) Superset Trap-bar Deadlift WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 5 @ 70% Underhand Pull-up 3 x 10 Superset Cable/Banded Face Pulls 3 x 10 Split Stance DB Row 3 x 8 Superset DB Hammer Curls 3 x 8ea BB forearm curls 3 x 6ea (4 second descent) Superset Ankle Pops for height 3 x 8 Toe Touches 3 x 10 Pre-Season Full-Body C (PUSH Emphasis) Superset Push-up to Shoulder Touch 3 x 10 Banded Ab Pulldown 3 x 10 Superset DB Squat Jump for Height 4 x 5 (EXPLOSIVE) DB Bench Press 5 x 8ea Superset 9 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 10 DB Forward Lunges 3 x 6e Banded Triceps extensions 3 x 8 Superset Alternating Dead bug 3 x 6e Banded Pallof Press 3 x 5 (3 sec hold) Pre-season Mobility program weeks 1-5 Mobility Pose Humble warrior Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog Lunge-and-twist Mountain pose Cat-Cow Child's pose Sets & Duration 2x20 seconds per leg 3x20 seconds per leg 3x30 seconds per leg 3x20 seconds per leg 3x25 seconds 3x25 seconds 3x20 seconds per leg 3x25 seconds 4x10 reps 3x30 seconds In-season Strength Training Weeks 6-10 In-Season Full-Body A Superset BB heel elevated Front Squat WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 6 @ 55% Low Banded Row 3 x 8 Superset DB RDL 3 x 8 Thread-the-needle side plank 3 x 10 Superset DB Goblet step up 3 x 8ea Overhand Hangs 3 x 15 seconds Superset BW Calf Raises 2 x 10 Front Plank 2 x 45 sec In-Season Full-Body B Superset Trap-bar Deadlift Jumps WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 3 @ 45% (EXPLOSIVE) 3-way banded Pull-apart 3 x 10 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 11 Superset Banded Face Pulls 3 x 8 Isometric Lunge Med-ball toss 3 x 6 Superset Overhead Med-ball slams 3 x 8 Push-up to Plank 3 x 6 Superset Russian Twist 3 x 25 Banded Pallof Anti-rotation hold 3 x 10 seconds In-season Mobility program weeks 6-10 Mobility Pose 90-90 Hip Flip Dynamic Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog T-spine twists Cat-Cow Child's pose Sets & Duration 3x10 reps 3x10 w/ 3 second hold 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 3x10 reps each side 3x8 reps 2x30 seconds In-season Strength Training Weeks 11-15 In-Season Full-Body A Superset BB heel elevated Back Squat WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 6 @ 55% Low Banded Row 3 x 8 Superset DB SL RDL 3 x 8ea (Choose a weight that doesn't compromise stability) Side plank raises 3 x 10 Superset DB Crab Walk 3 x 8ea Overhand Hangs 3 x 15 seconds Superset BW Calf Raises 2 x 10 Side Plank 2 x 45 sec In-Season Full-Body B [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 12 Superset Trap-bar Deadlift Jumps WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 3 @ 45% (EXPLOSIVE) 3-way banded Pull-apart 3 x 10 Superset Banded external rotation 3 x 8 Isometric Lunge T-spine Twist 3 x 6ea Superset Overhead Jumping Med-ball slams 3 x 8 Push-up to Plank 3 x 6 Superset Alternating Dead bug w/ 3 second hold 3 x 25 Banded Pallof Anti-rotation hold 3 x 10 seconds In-season Mobility program weeks 11-15 Mobility Pose 90-90 Hip Flip Dynamic Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog T-spine twists Cat-Cow Child's pose Sets & Duration 3x10 reps 3x10 w/ 3 second hold 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 3x10 reps each side 3x8 reps 2x30 seconds In-season Strength Training Weeks 16-20 In-Season Full-Body A Superset BB Reverse Lunge WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 6 @ 35% High Banded Row 3 x 8 Superset BB Good morning 3 x 8 (just the bar, feel a good stretch) Thread-the-needle side plank 3 x 10 w/ 10 lbs plate Superset DB Goblet step up w/ Knee drive 3 x 8ea Overhand Hangs 3 x 15 seconds Superset BW Calf Raise Hops 2 x 10 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 13 Front Plank 2 x 45 sec In-Season Full-Body B Superset Staggard stance Trap-bar Deadlift Jumps WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 3 @ 45% (EXPLOSIVE) 3-way banded Pull-apart 3 x 10 Superset Banded Face Pulls w/ full external rotation 3 x 8 Isometric Lateral Lunge Med-ball toss 3 x 6 Superset Overhead Med-ball slams 3 x 8 (Heavier Med-ball from last cycle w/ the same intent) Dead-man Push-ups 3 x 6 Superset Mountain Climbers 3 x 25 Banded Pallof Anti-rotation hold 3 x 10 seconds In-season Mobility program weeks 16-20 Mobility Pose 90-90 Hip Flip Dynamic Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog T-spine twists Cat-Cow Child's pose Sets & Duration 3x10 reps 3x10 w/ 3 second hold 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 3x10 reps each side 3x8 reps 2x30 seconds Off-Season Strength Training Weeks 21-25 Day 1 | PULL Exercises Bent Over Row Cable Face Pulls Close Grip Chin-ups DB Shrugs Wide Grip Cable Curls Wide-Grip Pull-ups 5 Min Core Circuit Sets & Reps 5 x 5 55% Bench Press 1RM 3 x 10-12 3 x (Bodyweight > failure) 3 x 10-12 2 x 12-15 6-5-4-3-2-1 each 2x 30 sec on/15 sec rest [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 14 1 Mile Run 7:45 mile pace Day 2 | PUSH Exercises BB Bench Press Cable Fly DB Squeeze Press DB Front Raise Barbell Shoulder Press Tricep Push-ups 5 Min Core Circuit 1 Mile Run Sets & Reps 2 x 8 @ 50% 1RM 3 x 8 @ 65% 1RM 3 x 10-12 3 x 10-12 3 x 8-12 3 x 12-15 3 x 15 2x 30 sec on/15 sec rest 7:45 mile pace Day 3 | LEGS Exercises BB Deadlift Box Jumps DB Goblet Squat Sorinex Roller Hamstring Curls DB Calf Raises Calf Jumps 1 Mile Run Sets & Reps 2 x 5 @ 60% 1RM 3 x 5 @ 75% 1RM 3 x 15 3 x 15 3 x 10 ea 3 x 15-20 (2 sec pause at the top) 3 x 10 Bodyweight 7:45 mile pace Off-season Mobility program Weeks 21-25 Mobility Pose Humble warrior Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog Lunge-and-twist Mountain pose Cat-Cow Child's pose Sets & Duration 2x20 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x10 reps 2x30 seconds Off-season Strength Program Weeks 26-30 Day 1 | PULL Exercises Sets & Reps [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 15 Bent Over Row Cable Face Pulls Close Grip Chin-ups DB Shrugs Wide Grip Cable Curls Wide-Grip Pull-ups 5 Min Core Circuit 1.5 Mile Run 5 x 5 55% Bench Press 1RM 3 x 12 3 x (w/ 15 lb. chain > failure) 3 x 12 2 x 15 6-5-4-3-2-1 each 2x 35 sec on/15 sec rest 7:40 mile pace Day 2 | PUSH Exercises BB Bench Press Cable Fly DB Squeeze Press DB Front Raise Barbell Shoulder Press Tricep Push-ups 5 Min Core Circuit 1.5 Mile Run Sets & Reps 2 x 8 @ 55% 1RM 3 x 8 @ 70% 1RM 3 x 12 3 x 12 3 x 10 3 x 12 3 x 15 2x 35 sec on/15 sec rest 7:40 mile pace Day 3 | LEGS Exercises BB Deadlift Box Jumps DB Goblet Squat Sorinex Roller Hamstring Curls DB Calf Raises Calf Jumps 1.5 Mile Run Sets & Reps 2 x 5 @ 65% 1RM 3 x 5 @ 80% 1RM 3 x 15 3 x 15 3 x 10 ea 3 x 10 (2 sec pause at the top) 3 x 10 Bodyweight 7:40 mile pace Off-season Mobility program Weeks 26-30 Mobility Pose Humble warrior Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog Lunge-and-twist Mountain pose Sets & Duration 2x20 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] Cat-Cow Child's pose 16 2x10 reps 2x30 seconds Off-season Strength Training Weeks 31-35 Day 1 | PULL Exercises Bent Over Row Banded Face Pulls Close Grip Chin-ups DB SA High Pull Wide Grip Cable Curls Wide-Grip Pull-ups 5 Min Core Circuit 2 Mile Run Sets & Reps 5 x 5 60% Bench Press 1RM 3 x 10 w/ 10 lb. Resistance band 3 x (w/ chain > failure) 3 x 10 2 x 12 6-5-4-3-2-1 each 2x 40 sec on/15 sec rest 7:40 mile pace Day 2 | PUSH Exercises BB Bench Press Landmine Press DB Laying Overhead Raise DB Front Raise Half Kneeling Cable Chop Triceps Push-ups w/ Chain 5 Min Core Circuit 2 Mile Run Sets & Reps 2 x 8 @ 60% 1RM 3 x 8 @ 75% 1RM 3 x 10 3 x 10 3 x 12 3 x 12 3 x 15 2x 40 sec on/15 sec rest 7:40 mile pace Day 3 | LEGS Exercises BB Deadlift Box Jump Down to Med-ball toss DB Goblet Squat Sorinex Roller Hamstring Curls DB Calf Raises Calf Jumps 2 Mile Run Sets & Reps 2 x 5 @ 70% 1RM 3 x 5 @ 5% 1RM 3 x 8 w/ 8 lb. ball (EXPLOSIVE) 3 x 15 3 x 10 ea 3 x 15 (2 sec pause at the top) 3 x 10 Bodyweight 7:40 mile pace Off-season Mobility program Weeks 31-35 Mobility Pose Humble warrior Sets & Duration 2x20 seconds per leg [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog Lunge-and-twist Mountain pose Cat-Cow Child's pose 17 2x20 seconds per leg 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x10 reps 2x30 seconds Off-Season Strength Training Weeks 36-40 Day 1 | PULL Exercises BB Deadlift Underhand Cable Pulldowns DB Chainsaw Rows DB Lateral Raise DB SA Curls TRX Face-pulls w/ External Rotation Countdown Pull-ups 5 Min Core Circuit Uphill Sprints Day 2 | PUSH Exercises BB Bench Press Incline DB Press Wide-Grip Dips DB Arnold Shoulder Press Cable Bar Pushdown Landmine Split Jerk 5 Min Core Circuit 100-yard Tempo Sprints Day 3 | LEGS Exercises Front Squats Banded Good morning DB Bulgarian Split Squat Sets & Reps 2 x 5 @ 70% 1RM 3 x 5 @ 85% 1RM 3 x 12 3 x 10 3 x 12 2 x 10 (Full ROM, 2 ecc descent) 3 x 12 8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 2 x 40 sec on/15 sec rest 5 x 3 (1 min between runs, 2 min between sets) Sets & Reps 2 x 8 @ 65% 1RM 3 x 6 @ 80% 1RM 3 x 10 3 x (Bodyweight > failure) 3 x 12 3 x 15 4 x 5 ea (EXPLOSIVE) 2 x 40 sec on/15 sec rest 3 x 4 (18 seconds per rep, 1 min between runs, 2 min between sets) Sets & Reps 2 x 8 @ 65% 1RM 3 x 6 @ 75% 1RM 3 x 15 3 x 12 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] Partner Glute Ham Raises Walking Lunges Squatting Calf Raise Banded Alternating Dead bug 2 Mile Run 18 Bodyweight > Failure 3 x 10 ea 3 x 15 (Bodyweight) 3 x 10 ea 7:35 mile pace Off-season Mobility program Weeks 36-40 Mobility Pose Humble warrior Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog Lunge-and-twist Mountain pose Cat-Cow Child's pose Sets & Duration 2x20 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x10 reps 2x30 seconds Off-Season Strength Training Weeks 41-45 Day 1 | PULL Exercises BB Deadlift Underhand Cable Pulldowns DB Chainsaw Rows DB Lateral Raise DB SA Curls TRX Face-pulls w/ External Rotation Countdown Pull-ups 5 Min Core Circuit Uphill Sprints Day 2 | PUSH Exercises BB Bench Press Incline DB Press Wide-Grip Dips DB Arnold Shoulder Press Sets & Reps 2 x 5 @ 70% 1RM 3 x 5 @ 90% 1RM 3 x 14 3 x 12 3 x 12 2 x 10 (Full ROM, 3 ecc descent) 3 x 12 8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 2 x 45 sec on/15 sec rest 5 x 4 (1 min between runs, 2 min between sets) Sets & Reps 2 x 8 @ 70% 1RM 3 x 6 @ 85% 1RM 3 x 12 3 x (Bodyweight > failure) 3 x 12 [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] Cable Bar Pushdown Landmine Split Jerk 5 Min Core Circuit 100-yard Tempo Sprints Day 3 | LEGS Exercises Front Squats BB Good morning DB FFE Split Squat Partner Glute Ham Raises Walking Lunges Squatting Calf Raise Banded Alternating Dead bug 2 Mile Run 19 3 x 15 5 x 5 ea (EXPLOSIVE) 2 x 45 sec on/15 sec rest 3 x 4 (16 seconds per rep, 1 min between runs, 2 min between sets) Sets & Reps 2 x 8 @ 65% 1RM 3 x 5 @ 85% 1RM 3 x 10 3 x 12 Bodyweight > Failure 3 x 12 ea 3 x 15 w/ chain 3 x 12 ea 7:20 mile pace Off-Season Mobility program Weeks 41-45 Mobility Pose Humble warrior Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Downward dog Upward dog Lunge-and-twist Mountain pose Cat-Cow Child's pose Sets & Duration 2x20 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x30 seconds per leg 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x25 seconds 2x20 seconds per leg 2x25 seconds 2x10 reps 2x30 seconds Pre-Season Strength Training Weeks 46-52 Pre-Season Full-Body A (LEGS Emphasis) Superset Front Squat WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 5 @ 70% BB clean to high pull (Stay within 30-40%) BE EXPLOSIVE Superset BB RDL 4x 4 @ 65% Push-up to Pike 4 x 10 Superset [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 20 DB Lateral Goblet Squat on slide pad 3 x 8 Neutral Grip Pull-up 3 x 5-8 Superset Weighted Calf Raises 2 x 10 3-way plank series 2 x 45 sec Pre-Season Full-Body B (PULL Emphasis) Superset Barbell Deadlift WU: 1 x 10 WS: 5 x 5 @ 70% Underhand Pull-up 4 x 6 Superset Cable/Banded Face Pulls w/ External Rotation 3 x 10 Square Stance DB Row 3 x 8 Superset DB 21's 3 x 8ea BB forearm curls 3 x 6ea (4 second descent) Superset Side Plank 3 x 25 seconds each Jackknives 3 x 10 Pre-Season Full-Body C (PUSH Emphasis) Superset Push-up to Shoulder Touch 3 x 10 Banded Ab Pulldown 3 x 10 Superset DB Squat Jump for Height 4 x 5 (EXPLOSIVE) BB Bench Press 5 x 5 @ 50% (3 second eccentric and EXPLODE up) Superset DB Reverse Lunges 3 x 6e Banded Triceps extensions 3 x 8 Superset Alternating Dead bug 3 x 8e Banded Pallof Press 3 x 8 (3 sec hold) Pre-season Mobility program Weeks 46-52 Mobility Pose Humble warrior Pigeon Forward fold Lizard Sets & Duration 2x20 seconds per leg 3x20 seconds per leg 3x30 seconds per leg 3x20 seconds per leg [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] Downward dog Upward dog Lunge-and-twist Mountain pose Cat-Cow Child's pose 21 3x25 seconds 3x25 seconds 3x20 seconds per leg 3x25 seconds 4x10 reps 3x30 seconds Conclusion Throughout the course of the program, testing will be conducted at the beginning and end of each of the 3 seasonal cycles to track progress and maintain accuracy. The results will determine the weights used during each seasonal cycle with the anticipation of increase from the progressive overload in training. The mobility program for each seasonal cycle will yield results of increased shoulder flexibility, hip mobility, and rotational freedom. Within the programming of strength training, the core circuits have been specifically designed to target the athlete's goals for more stability that the athlete displayed in the beginning stages of the program development. Throughout all the strength training, mobility, core work, cardiovascular endurance, and conditioning the athlete after this 52-week periodization training plan we'll meet his stated goals of gaining stability, agility, explosiveness, and rotational strength. Combining all these pieces with his already vigorous baseball schedule should bring about a perfect medley of maintaining the health of the athlete while also increasing his physical output. This will be attained through the work prescribed in the pre-season, in-season, and off-season training cycles. [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 22 References Coleman, G. (2022, April 19). Dynamic Warm-up. Professional Baseball Strength & Conditioning Coaches Society. http://baseballstrength.org/dynamic-warm-up/ Coleman, G. (2022, November 6). Flexibility and performance. Professional Baseball Strength & Conditioning Coaches Society. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from http://baseballstrength.org/flexibility-and-performance/ Croci, J., Nicknair, J., & Goetschius, J. (2021). Early sport specialization linked to throwing arm function and upper extremity injury history in college baseball players. Sports health. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8083150/#bibr201941738120986555 Curtis, R. (2017, July 24). Athlete monitoring: Purposes and practices (training and conditioning). Korey Stringer Institute. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://ksi.uconn.edu/2017/07/24/athletemonitoring-purposes-and-practices-training-and-conditioning/ Frankel, C., & Kravitz, L. (2000). Periodization: Latest Studies and Practical Applications. Periodization. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/periodization.html Guadagni, S. (2019, September 9). Studies finds poor hip mobility leads to higher rate of throwing injuries. 5 Tool Sports Science. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://5toolsportsscience.org/articles-1/2019/9/9/study-poor-hip-mobility-leads-to-higher-rateof-throwing-injuries Haff, Greg, and N. Travis Triplett. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Human Kinetics, 2021. [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50 CHARACTERS] 23 Klein, Brooks, et al. "Offseason Workout Recommendations for Baseball Players." Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, Springer US, Apr. 2021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7990992/ Kreher, J. B. 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