Instructor: Prof. Jomar T. Edjan, LPT, MAEd.

Asynchronous Class (2 hours) Total: 3 hours
(09.29.21)
ORIENTATION
Answers
Class Rules:
1. Create a quiet and comfortable study
space.
2. Come prepared. (advance reading)
3. Pay attention. (tantamount to rule no. 1)
4. Be dressed for school.
5. Mute your microphone and turn your
camera on.
6. Don’t play with your computer or other
devices.
7. Be on time.
8. Be respectful.
9. Have fun and be creative. (love the subject)
10. Talk to your teacher if you have concern.
Don’t Facebook the problem.
Sir Edjan (Licensed Professional Teacher)
(Head Teacher III of AP Dep. of Wawang Pulo Nat.
School)
Grading System
Midterm / Final Examination – 40%
Quizzes – 25% (after discussion)
Class Participation – 25% (paper and oral
requirements)
Attitude – 10%
1. Readings in Philippine History subject will tackle
significant historical events that happened in the
Philippines with in-depth analysis, understanding,
and appreciation of the occurrences in the past
that shaped and influenced our current society
and present time.
2. No. I don't find history as a dull subject mainly
because I am a curious person myself, and I also
like the feeling of discovering things that I never
knew before, like particular occurrences or events
that get my attention and interest. Even though I
do not particularly love history subjects, I don't
hate it as well.
3. History is defined as a systematic study of past
human events and natural phenomena which are
relevant in our society in the present time.
4. Studying history is essential because it increases
our knowledge about the events in the past, and it
enables us to develop a better understanding of
our present society. Historical events influenced,
shaped, or molded us into who we are today,
which is why all the more we should be eager to
know the root cause of our reality.
5. Primary sources are first-hand accounts of a
particular historical event from the participants of
the said event. The historical documents enable
researchers to get as close as possible to what
happened during a historical period. Also,
historians use these as evidence of the past
(diaries, personal journals, original documents,
military reports, government records, etc.).
100%
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Next week starts of formal classes
Target: Flat 1
Tuesday – 1 hour (synchronous class)
On the other hand, secondary sources are works
that interpret or analyze a historical event or
phenomenon that use primary sources as a basis
or evidence. These include most books about a
particular topic, analysis or interpretation of data,
reference books, textbooks, etc.
(10.05.21)
(10.12.21)
(10.19.21)
Venerable
Barangay = Balangay (sailboat)
Adultery: misis naghanap ng iba
Ilog = highway
Concubinage: mister naghanap ng iba
Taga-ilog = TAGALOG
Datu Kalun
Datos (Luzon) / Raja (Visayas) / Sultan (Mindanao)
– chieftain
Pagans – believing in many gods
Bathala – bahala na (pinapaubaya sa diyos)
Maharlica – nobles; not the Datu; comprise the
soldiers; free-born; they don’t pay taxes; favorite
term by Ferdinand E. Marcos (late president); also
known as Timawa (Visayas); rich people, they
serve the Datu

In case of separation, intermarriage,
fathers (either free or slave) - odd numbers
Mothers (either free or slave) - even
numbers
Slaves
Emilio Aguinaldo – anting-anting na binigay ng
kapre
Java – Indonesia
Barter (kalakalan)
We were civilized even before the arrival of the
Spaniards
Namamahay – live in their own houses (stay out
maid)
Saguiguilid – property of their masters; do not
have rights (stay in maid)
(11.02.21)
Magellan’s First Voyage around the World
Ornaments – burloloy
Gold – status symbol
Monogamous: one partner
Paninilbihan: pagsisilbihan ang pamilya ng babae
Bigay-kaya: ano lang kaya ng lalaki
Panghihimuyat: both parents
Bigay-suso: nanny of the woman
By: Antonio Pigafetta (Primary Source)
- Pure Italian (scholar and explorer)
- He recorded the happenings in the life of
Magellan in the Philippines
- Cartography: art of making maps
- Chronicler (a person who writes accounts of
important or historical events, recorder (travel of
Magellan to the Philippines)
Himaraw: bride’s mother
Sambon: woman’s relatives

220th Pope (Pope Clement VII)


Queen Katherine (Mother of King Francis
of France)
Manuscript: hand-written
Glory: katanyagan, nagkakarera sa pagsakop ng
mga bansa (the more nasakop na bansa, the more
ang power)

Political reason
Ferdinand Magellan
- REdiscovered the Philippines (we are not
DISCOVERED by Spain; the word discovered is
wrong)
- Hindi lumubog kaya mali rin ang rediscovered
- Portuguese (which he renounced)
- Wala pang nakakagawa from west tatagos sa
east (to Asia)
- Spain and Portugal are neighbors
- Spice Islands (Moluccas Island; East Indies –
Indonesia)
- Panahon ng panggagalugad (Exploration Period
or expedition (16th Century)
Mayaman sa natural resources (Philippines)
- Mindanao is part of Spice Islands
- Trinidad: barko (Magellan)
- Victoria lang ang nakabalik (nakaikot sa mundo;
victorious)
- Tip of South America (Strait of Magellan) – 38
days (travelled time)
Ladrones means thieves
Ladrones Islands (Marianas Islands and Guam –
part of USA)
Great thieves – nanakawan ng isang sail boat
habang nagpapahinga
- England, Spain, Portugal,
God: pagpapalaganap ng relihiyong Kristianismo
or Catholicism (champion: Spain)
Why did the group of Magellan advertise its
discovery – Philippines?
- San Agustine Church
- France, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and
England
- Spiritual reason
- For glory
Gold: spices o mga pampalasa (mataas ang
demand when it comes to spices)
Why spices are important for European Countries?
Original record or date: March 16, 1521 (OUR
STAND)
1. Cosmetics – pampaganda
International date line: March 17, 1521
2. Medicine – medicinal purposes
3. Pampalasa ng pagkain (food spices) – mataas
ang panlasa when it comes to their food
4. Preservation – uso ang navigation, they have to
preserve food

Once you cross, you will add one day
(coming from west to east)
(Note: All contents in the history should also be
revised if we go for March 17)
- Economic reason
Homonhon – part of Eastern Samar

Only 18 survived according to Pigafetta
Limasawa – part of Southern Leyte

Business opportunity: the foreigners (for
Rajah Kulambu)
How to do blood compact (sanduguan/kasi kasi)?
Pacific Ocean was named by Magellan
- means peaceful or calm ocean (not true)
- Ipapatak sa baso
- summertime which is why the ocean was
peaceful
- Considered as friend
- Mar Pacifico
- May halong native drink or wine
Legazpi Expedition (successful)
- Trust
From Limasawa to Cebu
(11.09.21)
Ang Pag-aalsa sa Cavite (Cavite Mutiny)
Rajah Humabon (Carlos) – ruler of Cebu
- Second mass and first baptism (conversion to
Christianity)
Mutiny (Pag-aaklas)

Paghihimagsik
- January: Sinulog Festival
- Sto. Nino given to Juana
REMEMBER!
1872
Battle of Mactan
- Magellan died in Mactan (Lapu-Lapu did not kill
Magellan)
Scampered – nagsitakbuhan

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If there is no 1872, there is no 1898
Without 1872, we will not achieve KKK, we
will not obtain independence
Dr. Jose Rizal and GOMBURZA [Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora] – Martyrs
Enrique – Interpreter of Magellan
2 Perspective of the Cavite Mutiny (quiz)
Juan Sebastian de Elcano – first man to
circumnavigate the world (he was the
commander; he was given the credits)
1. Filipino Version – Padro de Tavera
2. Spanish Version – Jose Montero y Vidal
New Social Classes
Trinidad (napigilan ng Portuguese) and Victoria
(reached Spain)
1. Insulares
2. Peninsulares
3. Meztizos
4. Indio – mababang uri (para sa mga
Espanyol)
FILIPINO VERSION (Pardo de Tavera)
Secularization – from the word secular (native
clergy – Filipino priests); lead the parishes they
hold [kura-paroko – parish priest or parish curate];
the Spanish friars ang may hawak ng mga Parokya
[the Spanish friars are handling the parish]

Why did they perform mutiny?
Governor-General: equivalent to President (pure
Spanish)
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

Democratic Leader – Carlos Ma. De la Torre
(115 Governor-Generals)
for greater rights for native Filipino Roman
Catholic clergymen (secularization)
Filipino clergy are only assistants
The Spanish priest will be set aside
The Spanish government or the King of
Spain bribed someone to accuse the 3
priests for the mutiny
Farce – katatawanan o komedya [comedy]

Even before the trial, a verdict was already
made
Autocratic Leader – Rafael de Izquierdo

Removed all reforms and rules of de la Torre
Mutiny (Cavite) – January 20, 1872
Polo y Servicio – forced labor (1 year); no
remuneration; free service
Tax – deducted from their wage
Francisco Zaldual – first to be executed using
garrote [breaking a bone in the neck so as not to
breathe]
SPANISH VERSION (Spanish – Jose Montero y
Vidal)
Premeditated – pinagplanuhang mabuti
Cavite Arsenal – factory of guns, bullets, cannons,
and cannonballs
Fernando La Madrid – leader of the mutiny
The 3 priests [active in secularization] were
branded masterminds; were charged of rebellion
Secularization Movement
Cavite Mutiny – feast of the Virgin of Loreto
(January 20, 1872); ang senyales ay ang fireworks
display [start of a wide rebellion]
Caviteños – Spaniards in Cavite
Ibalik ang dating pribilehiyo nila pero pinalaki ng
mga Espanyol
Simpleng pag-aaklas (simple mutiny); pagbawi ng
ibang pribilehiyo
REMEMBER:
El Filibusterismo - dedicated for the 3 priests
(GOMBURZA)


When the novel [El Filibusterismo] was
published, Andrea Bonifacio read the novel
Berlin, Germany – Noli Me Tangere
(11.16.21)
1898

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Teodoro Patiño (betrayed)
Madre Portera (nun)
parish curate (kura-paroko)
CRY – unang pagtawag ng rebolusyon; first calling
of revolution
8 provinces [8 rays of the sun] – first 8 provinces
that revolt
3 stars – Luzon, Panay and Mindanao; three major
islands
The First Cry (Pugad Lawin or Balintawak)

Figurative or Literal
Discovery of the Katipunan (pagpunit ng sedula)

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starting point of their nationalism
an act of nationalism (KKK)
Primary Sources – eye witnesses
Pugad Lawin – part of Quezon City (1939) [before
part of Caloocan City]
Pio Valenzuela – right hand of Bonifacio
Patriotism vs Nationalism


Nationalism: pagmamahal sa bansa
[general; broad]; maliit ang sakop
Patriotism: pagmamahal sa particular na
lugar [specific place]; pagiging Makabayan
(ex. Lapu-Lapu)
Why was Rizal exiled to Dapitan?


La Solidaridad (Spain); La Liga Filipina
(Philippines)
The discovery of La Liga Filipina led to
Rizal’s to be exiled in Dapitan
KIDLAT NG APOY (remember – quiz)
Sunday Tribune – magazine
Tagalog Republic – established by Bonifacio
Now: Pugad Lawin (August 23, 1896) – Dr. Pio
Valenzuela [only one alive to tell the story]
The dates and places are not important
(Retraction of Rizal; Masonry – brotherhood of
Rizal)
Discovery of the Katipunan/KKK

Regardless of the dates and places, the
goal is one [to fight against the Spain]
(11.23.21)
Sedition, rebellion and conspiracy (cases of Rizal)
Gusto pakasalan ni Rizal ang kaniyang huling pagibig (Josephine Bracken – Irish girl)
Stewardship – tagapangalaga or tagapangasiwa
(Note: Let us not destroy nature)
Kaingin system is considered illegal
(12.07.21)
Agrarian Reform in the Philippines
Farming – composed of many activities (farming,
fishing, forestry, poultry, and livestock raising)
Agriculturist or Farmers – backbone of the
economy (without them, we don’t have food and
the economy will be paralyzed)

It is difficult to be a farmer
Spanish Period

Encomienda paved the way for us to have
hacienda
Vassal – slave
Little Governor – mayor or governor
Land Reform – distribution of land to Filipino
farmers
Caciques – grupo ng mga cabeza de barangay at
gobernadorcillo
Agrarian Reform – concerned with total the
development of Filipino farmers when it comes to
economic
Unrecognized of local customs
ownership through Maura Decree
–
private
American Period

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Private Land – gives you dignity
Hacienda Luisita – 6,443 hectares
Philippine Bills of 1902 – magkakaroon ng limit
Land Registration Act of 1902 – lahat ng lupa ay
magkaroon o lagyan ng titulo (certificate of title)
Land = Power (land is equivalent to power)
-
You have the authority, influence, and
control of everything
Landowners: Panginoong may Lupa
Public Land Act of 1903 – Ang may-ari ng lupa at
tenant (50/50 sharing)
Commonwealth Period – new constitution
Pre-Spanish Period
Communal lands – the lands are for all
NARIC – suggested retail price for rice
Commonwealth Act No. 461, 1937 – cannot dismiss
tenants for no reason
Japanese Occupation
Ramon Magsaysay
Luis Taruc (leader of HUKBALAHAP)
RA No. 1160 of 1954 – from LASEDECO to NARRA
RA No. 1199 – ginawa ang court of agrarian relation
(12.14.21)
RA No. 1400 – ginawa ang LTA
RA No. 821 –
PART 2
New Republic
5 Philippine Republic
Carlos P. Garcia
-
1. Malolos Republic – promulgated in Malolos,
Did not approve nor request to create any
legislation; continued the program of Pres.
Ramon Magsaysay
Bulacan (1899); Emilio Aguinaldo
2. Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic – Jose
P. Laurel (the puppet government)
3. New Republic – free from the Japanese (19461972); Manuel Roxas
4. 1973 Philippine Constitution – Ferdinand E.
Marcos
5. 1987 Philippine Constitution – Cory Aquino;
freed from Martial Law
Diosdado Macapagal
RA No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 – hailed as one that would
emancipate Filipino farmers from the bondage of
tenancy (maging malaya bilang nangungupahan ng lupa)
-
Father of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Ferdinand Marcos
Manuel Roxas is the grandfather of Mar Roxas
-
5th president of the Philippines; 1st president of
the third republic
RA No. 34 – during harvest season, the one who paid all
expenses will receive 70% (owner or farmer)
Proclamation No. 1081
RA No. 6389 – formed DAR
Presidential Decree No. 2 – activated Agrarian Reform
Coordinating Council
Presidential Decree No. 27 – limited at 7 hectares
RA No. 55 – basis for expulsion
Corazon Aquino
Elpidio Quirino
EO No. 355 – pinalitan ang land settlement ng LASEDECO

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Republic Act – gawa ng Congress (congressmen
and/or senators) [statutory law]
Executive Order – automatic na ginagawa ng
president ng republic of the Philippines
: Damay ang lahat ng offices (under the executive
office)
Presidential Decree – made during the time of
Marcos
RA No. 6657 – CARL; conflict of interest by lawmakers of
this law; instead of giving to the farmers, they just
became co-owners (through shares)
(30 years payment)
Fidel V. Ramos
Ra No. 8532 – ARFB; extend for 10 years
ELECT A PUBLIC SERVANT NOT A POLITICIAN
Joseph Estrada
“Ignorance of the LAW excuses NO ONE”
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Blue Colors: constitution that are effectively and fully
implemented
Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino
Black Colors: existed but did not fully implemented
EO No. 26
Rodrigo Duterte
1) 1897 Constitution
 Provisionary means TEMPORARY
 Borrowed or copied from CUBA
Second phase of Agrarian Reform
Oplan Zero Backlog
Truce – kasunduan

(01.04.22)
Mother of Governments – CONSTITUTION (it gives
guidance)

Emilio Aguinaldo and his group will go to Hong
Kong
Spain sold the Philippine for 20 million dollars to
US
2) 1899 Constitution
A constitution is comparable to a RULE BOOK
3 Branches of the Government
1. Executive – highest is the president
2. Legislative
3. Judiciary
3) 1935 Constitution
- Bicameral (Upper and Lower Representatives)
Manuel L. Quezon
6 years is long enough for a bad president
Legislative
6 years is short for a good president
Upper House of Representative
-
Senator
House Speaker
4) 1943 Constitution
- Unicameral (loyal to the Japanese)
Lower House of Representative
-
Congressman
6) 1986 Constitution
- Freedom constitution
Judicial
-
5) 1973 Constitution
Chief Justice (Supreme Court)
Executive
Legislative
PI



They cannot revise, they can ONLY amend
A portion only
Every 5 years and the process are long
Lower House
Congressmen and Party list
Upper House
Senator
Judiciary
(01.11.22)
CHA-CHA – pagwawasto; pagbabago; pagtatama;
pagdadagdag;
pagpapalit
sa
Saligang
Batas
(AMENDMENTS & REVISIONS)
Amendment – alternation (pagbabago); specific articles;
particular part of the Constitution only
Revision – totality; overall articles will be changed;
change the entire Constitution
Con-Ass



-
Most dangerous (conflict of interest)
Senator
Congressmen
Binubuo ng elected senator and congressmen
Con-Con



Mga iboboto na delegates
Nakagastos (7 Billion pesos)
Best way but expensive
Federalism


Every region has an autonomy
Regional Government
National Government
Imperial Manila will be no more in FEDERALISM
(because of equality among the regions)