What is Sociology? Social sciences are… Definition of Sociology. Sociological Perspectives Functionalism Outline Marxism Social Institutions are… Sociological Imagination means… A D G Norms are… E S Interactionism Values are… Postmodernism C Feminism Social Groups Who is Auguste Comte? Socialisation means… Key Thinkers Functionalism What is the Organic Analogy and who used it? A consensus theory is… Internal Criticisms of Functionalism External Criticisms of Functionalism A structural theory is… Three similarities between society and biological organisms. Three Main Criticisms of Parson’s Assumptions Logical Criticisms Key Thinker 1 Value Consensus means… 1 Conflict Perspective 2 3 2 Two means of maintaining value consensus and social order 1 3 2 The Four Basic needs of society A Manifest Function is… Durkheim’s Ideas of Society Society shapes the Individual 1 G An example of a manifest function is… A A Latent Function is… Social solidarity socialisation and anomie I An example of a latent function is… 2 L Action Perspective What are Social Facts and who is the key thinker? Postmodern Perspective Anomie means… Marxism Evaluation of Marxism Marxist Structure of a Capitalist society. Over Simplified A conflict theory is… Bourgeoisie means Alienation means… The features of Communist Society . The features of Capitalist Society . Economic Determinism Proletariat means… Five Stages of society according to Marx 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 Lack of Revolution False Class Consciousness means 3 4 5 Lout of date 2 Neo Marxism Humanistic Neo-Marxism Structural Neo-Marxism Evaluation of Neo-Marxism State Apparatus Gramsci’s concept of hegemony means… 2 Voluntarism means 3 Levels of Structural Determinism Ruling Class dominance is maintained by…. 1 1 Humanistic Neo-Marxism 1 2 2 3 Reasons why Ruling Class hegemony is never complete 1 Requirements for socialism to come about 2 Humanistic Neo-Marxism Organic Intellectuals are… Structural Neo-Marxism Structural Neo-Marxism Relative Autonomy means Feminisms 1 2 Radical Feminism 3 4 Patriarchy means… 5 Three Waves of Feminism 6 General Features of Feminism 1 Marxist Feminism Malestream means… Type Liberal Feminism 6 Structures of Patriarchy Feminism in general means… 3 3 4 Duel systems Feminism 2 2 Intersectional Feminism 1 Outline Thinkers Evaluation Social Action Theory 4 Types of Action Key Thinker 5 Features of Social Action 1 Micro Approach means… 1 2 Verstehen means… 3 2 4 Summary of Social Action Theory Alfred Schutz Evaluation of Weber Application 3 4 1 5 2 Verstehen 2 levels of sociological explanation Symbolic Interactionism Key Thinkers Dramaturgical Model Labelling Theory Taking on the role of the other Thinker: Presentation of self Impression Management Looking Glass Self Key Principals of Symbolic Interactionism Roles How do we take on the role of the other? Career Taking on the role of others means… Thinker: Definition of the situation Thinker: Symbol Versus Instinct Instinct means… 1 Evaluation 1 Symbol means… 2 Interpretive Phase means… 3 2 3 4 5 Phenomenology & Ethnomethodology Phenomenology Edmund Husserl: Alfred Schutz Ethnomethodology Harold Garfinkel Social order is created from…. Ethnomethodology studies…. Indexicality means Reflexicality means Typifications means… Breaching Experiments Life World means… What are they Recipe Knowledge means… Natural Attitude means… EVALUATION: Carib EVALUATION: Berger and Luckman What is their purpose? What did Garfinkel conclude? Structuration Theory Duality of Structure How does language illustrate the duality of structure Evaluation Margret Archer Key Thinker Two ways that action reproduce existing structures. 1 2 Craib Ontological Security means Two ways that the structure of society, action or agency changes society. Two elements of structure 1 1 2 2 Postmodernism 4 Characteristics of a Modern Society. Postmodernism Late Modernity Summary Summary 1 2 Giddens: Key Features of Late Modernity Relativist Position means… Meta Narrative means… 1 3 2 Lyotard and language Games 4 Baudrillard and Simulacra 3 Globalisation means… Ulrich Beck: Risk Society Manufactured Risk 4 Changes of Globalisation Individualisation Evaluation 1 Philo and Miller Best and Kellner Enlightenment Project Risk Consciousness 2 Evaluation Rustin 3 4 Hirst Risk & the Poor Research Design Hypothesis means Correlation means Ethnographies means Qualitative data is… Longitudinal Study means Case Study means Quantitative data is… The Hypothetico-Deductive Model Factors when choosing a topic 1 Reliability means… 2 3 Validity means… 4 Triangulation means… 5 6 Pilot Study means Factors Influencing Method Choice Practical Factors Ethical and Moral Factors Access to the Participants Type of data required Informed Consent Confidentiality Personal Characteristics of the Researcher Time Available Covert Research / consent Privacy Pre-emptive Consent means Subject Matter Cost / Funding Harm Deception means Size of the sample Research Opportunity Legality Gate keepers are… Primary Research Methods Method Open Questionnaire Closed Questionnaire Web based Questionnaire Unstructured Interview Structured Interview Group Interview Overt Observation Covert Observation Participant Observation Non-Participation Observation Experiments Lab Experiments – Field Description Practical + Ethical - + Theoretical - + - Secondary Research Methods Practical Method Unofficial Statistics Personal Documents Public Documents Historical Documents Prior Research Content Analysis Theoretical Description + Official Statistics Ethical - + - + - Sampling Methods A population is… Random Stratified Description Snowball Description Description A research population is… + - + - + - A sample is… Representative means… Systematic Opportunity Quota Description Description Description Generalisability means… + - + - + - Theoretical Factors in Research Reliability means.. Factors impacting Reliability Research Method Validity means.. Representativeness means.. Factors impacting Validity Hawthorne Effect Group Dynamics Generalisability means.. Factors impacting Representativeness and Generalisability Sample Size Data type Demand Characteristics Social Desirability Research Method Participants Data Type Interpretivism Vs Positivism Interpretivism Positivism Verstehen means Social Construction means Approach to sociological research Natural Science V Sociology Social Facts are… Approach to sociological research Preferred data type and methods Preferred data type and methods Types of Interpretivism Sociological Perspectives Sociological Perspectives 1 Sociologists Sociologists 2 Induction means… Causality means… Objective Quantitative Research Sociology and Science Realists Falsification 5 Components of a science Thinkers: Thinkers: Position on Sociology as a science. Position on Sociology as a science. Explanation Explanation 1 2 3 4 5 Positivists Thinkers: Interpretivists Paradigms Thinkers: Thinkers: Position on Sociology as a science. Position on Sociology as a science. Explanation Explanation Position on Sociology as a science. Explanation Value Freedom Values refer to Committed Sociology Positivists and Value Freedom Explanation: Thinkers: Explanation Goldner Becker Feminists Left Realists Relativism means… Value Laden Sociology Explanation: Three areas where sociology cannot be value free. Weber Explanation: 1 Areas where Sociology can be Value Free 2 3 Areas where sociology cannot be Value Free Sociology and Social Policy Social Policy means Marxist View Functionalist View Feminist View Social Problems are Sociological Problems are Factors affecting the influence of sociology on social policy. New Right View Postmodernist View
