ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing
LESSON 1
Lettering
L
ettering is an essential element of drawing; graphic
communication is often not enough to completely describe an
object. Lettering is basically drawing letters. A plan without
any lettering does not communicate a complete description of
the size and function of the various components such as labels,
notes, dimensions, and descriptions.
Lettering is simply the drawing of alphabets and numerals.
(A-Z & 0-9)
Technical lettering is a barren piece of engineering
drawing. It gives data concerning measures and guidelines,
such as notes and measurements. On a drawing, all of the
completed data is consistently through lettering.
In Engineering Drawing, there are two most commonly
used types of lettering:
1. Gothic Lettering
• Vertical Gothic Lettering
o Single Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering
o Double Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering
• Italic or Inclined Gothic Lettering
o Single Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering
o Double Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering
2. Roman Lettering
ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing
Letter Styles
ABCDEFGHIJKL
MNOPQRSTUV
WXYZabcdefgh
Ijklmnopqrstu
vwxyz0123456
789&
Gothic. All letters having
elementary strokes of even
width and in uniform
thickness.
ABCDEFGHIJ
KLMNOPQRS
TUVWXYZab
cdefghijklmn
opqrstuvwxyz
0123456789&
Roman. All letters having
“accented”
elementary
strokes or consist of heavy
and light lines.
ABCDEFGH
IJKLMNOP
QRSTUVWX
YZabcdefghij
klmnopqrstuv
wxyz0123456
789&
Text. This term includes all
styles of Old English,
German text, Bradley text,
or other various trade names
– text styles are too illegible
for commercial purposes
ABCDEFGHIJKL
MNOPQRSTUV
WXYZabcdefg
hIjklmnopqrs
Italics. All slanting letters
are classified as Italics.
These may be further
designated as Gothic Italics,
Roman Italics, or Text
Italics.
tuvwxyz01234
56789&
ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing
FREEHAND LETTERING
The writing of alphabets and numerals without the use of drawing instruments
is called FREEHAND LETTERING. It may be VERTICAL or INCLINED GOTHIC LETTERING.
GOTHIC LETTER CONSTRUCTIONS
The order and direction of strokes are indicated on each letter and should be followed
carefully. In a freehand drawing:
• All vertical and inclined lines, and curved lines, are made DOWNWARD
• All horizontal lines are from LEFT TO RIGHT
CHARACTER
1
COMMENTS
1
2
2
3
3
1
CHARACTER
MAKE UPPER PART
LARGER THAN BOTTOM
PART
1
COMMENTS
NO SERIFS, EXCEPT
WHEN NEXT TO
NUMBER ONE (1)
1
4
4
1
5
2
3
5
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
2
FULL OPEN AREA,
ELLIPTICAL LETTER BODY
WIDE FULL HOOK
WITH NO SERIFS
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
EXTEND LOWER
BRANCH FROM
UPPER BRANCH
1
3
HORIZONTAL BARS
AND STRAIGHT LINE
BACK
3
1
MAKE BOTH LINES
STRAIGHT
1
2
2
2
4
4
1
3
3
2
2
SHORT BAR SLIGHTLY
ABOVE CENTER LINE
2
2
1
3
3
3
SHORT BAR SLIGHTLY
ABOVE CENTER LINE
1
3 4
21
1
2
2
3
1
2
BAR SLIGHTLY
ABOVE CENTER LINE
2
3
2
DO NOT CRAMP LINES
TOGETHER
2
3
BASED ON TRUE ELLIPSE
SHORT HORIZONTAL LINE
ABOVE CENTER LINE
NOT AS WIDE AS W
CENTER PART EXTENDS
BOTTOM OF LETTER
3 4
1
3
2
3
LOWER PART SLIGHTLY
LARGER THAN UPPER
PART
1
FULL TRUE ELLIPSE
2
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
MIDDLE BAR
INTERSECTS AT LETTER
S MIDDLE
ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing
COMMENTS
CHARACTER
2
2
1
1
3
CHARACTER
BASED ON TRUE WIDE
ELLIPSE
COMMENTS
SAME AS LETTER I
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
MAKE UPPER PORTION
LARGER
3
1
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
BASED ON NUMBER 8
KEEP ENDS OPEN
2
2
3
3
1
3
3
2
1
2
DRAW FULL WIDTH OF
LETTER
1
3
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
LOWER PORTION
ELLIPTICAL, VERTICAL
BARS PARALLEL
2
1
BRING BOTTOM TO
POINT
2
2
1
3
1
4
4
2
3
WIDEST LETTER;
CENTER EXTENDS TO
4
3
2
2
4
BASED ON NUMBER 8:
UPPER PART
SMALLER THAN LOWER
HORIZONTAL BAR
BELOW CENTER OF
FIGURE
BASED ON ELLIPSE;
KEEP WIDE
4
3
BASED ON ELLIPSE;
OPEN
3
1
1
2
2
BASED ON NUMBER 8:
OPEN HOOK
2
1
KEEP AS WIDE AS
LETTER E
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
CROSS LINES ABOVE
CENTER LINE
1
4
4
3
1
1
2 2
3
3
UPPER PART MEETS
BELOW CENTER
1
BASED ON ELLIPSE;
KEEP WIDE
3
2
1
2
3
1
2
COMPOSED OF TWO
ELLIPSES: KEEP FULL
3
1
2
3
2
HORIZONTAL LINES
PARALLEL
2
2
3
1
1
SAME AS LETTER O
ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing
FREEHAND LETTERING
EXERCISE NO. 1
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
VERTICAL SINGLE STROKE GOTHIC LETTERING
INCLINED SINGLE STROKE GOTHIC LETTERING
Instructions:
▪ Use graphing paper (8.5” x 11”) and a pencil
▪ Paper Orientation (Landscape)
▪ By Freehand lettering, write the alphabet and numerals using Gothic Lettering
Do not use drawing instruments.
UPPERCASE
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ&
LOWERCASE
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
NUMERALS
1234567890
▪ 3 copies for vertical and inclined
▪ Top, Left, and Right margin space of 2 units
▪ Offset 3 units from the bottom of the paper for TITLE BLOCK
▪ Uniform spacing of 2 units (see sample below)
TITLE BLOCK FORMAT:
Disregard margin instructions for the title block.
[SURNAME, FIRST NAME MI.]
[BSCE 12XX]
INSTRUCTOR: CABATAY, AETHELBERT V.
ENGG 402 ENGINEERING DRAWING
EXERCISE NO 1
[TITLE]
SCORE:
STARTED: 31 JANUARY 2023
SUBMITTED: [XX MONTH YEAR]
ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing
Rubrics for Plates/Exercises
30%
COMPLETENESS
30% Drawing is very detailed/complex
Drawing has no missing lines, dimensions, or other drafting failures.
25% Drawing has few missing lines, dimensions, or other drafting failures.
<25% Repeat
30%
NEATNESS
30% No smudge or eraser marks.
25% One to two smudge or eraser marks.
<25% Repeat
30%
Accuracy
30% Perfect dimensioned drawing, no mistakes.
25% One or two dimensions are off.
<25% Repeat
10%
Title Block
10% Neat legible handwriting, all information is present.
5%
Handwriting is messy and missing information.
prepared by: AVCABATAY
ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing
ENGG 402
Engineering Drawing