کتاب آموزش نرم افزار PSCAD شماره 1 (PowerEn.ir)

‫کتاب‬ ‫آموزش نرم افزار‬ ‫‪PSCAD‬‬ ‫‪PowerEn.ir‬‬ . ! "# $% & ( 3' 4 . 0 1 2 "# ' '( "" * / & ' ( - . )* . .' 5 6 /% 9 + ) . & ' 3' 4 . 0 1 . & # . 8 "& PSCAD ' ( =% > . & ? ' 1& ' (& , + @' & ( 01 : 6 )% ; "< . ' 4' 9 ' & ) A / BBC 3' 4 D% @ $% & & ! +' =% > , & ! +' ' 9 E =% > . & F /% ' ,' ( . "& 4 G + / 5 , + ! & ) A / BBC 3' 4 +' +' /% &' % E K = & L# . + H% > = &' !I = J" C . 8 "& 5 . *' N O J" C . : 6 / M 3' 4 ?+ ; "< . & ' ( + ' ; 1 % *' Q% " #. ?+ P 1% *' Q% . Zone 0 O ,= % I . , : 6 *' ,2 1 3' 4 . 0 1 '& 3' 4 R' % > /% & & ' ' 3' 4 . 0 1 & U? R ' % > - : 6 ,3' 4 . 0 1 .' & !& - PSCAD ' ( & 6 ' & ' W & X6 ? F /% )* V % . % ; "< . : + ' J" C . ;B ' % 3' A & F ' + G V ' PSCAD ' ( . &' MC%' - E ;B EMTDC ;6 .' [ ;B PSCAD ' ( U< ;B ] - Q% 9 3 (I - ' !\ ;B 8 "& 6 W 3 (I - 0 - ;B PSCAD ' ( ' *' - 0>+ ;B PSCAD . Î - 0 ;B Debugging & % _ # - 0 > ;B . ?+ ; "< & 9 2 . ' / BBC = % > ,F /% )* V )& . ' & 3' 4 . 0 1 : 6 ' PSCAD &' / M 3' 4 V & N> = 3 ' > < / * [1 a N> %' 0 ` M% ' .0 + & + > % b 56F '> . 5' R ! – 4 A (!& R ! – & = % 1# / 16 1 &' % + , 1 .................................................................................................................................................................... ! 9 ......................................................................................................................................................... E ;B (1 9 ......................................................................................................... PSCAD ' ( . &' MC%' 9 ....................................................................................................................................................................... b 10 ............................................................................................................................... e 1 \ PSCAD (1-1 11 ................................................................................... b b< )* V , + . (2-1 12 ..........................................................................e3' 4 . 0 1 : 6 . & PSCAD \ (3-1 13 ..................................................................................................................................................... ;B (2 13 ......................................................................................................................................... EMTDC ;6 .' [ 13 .................................................................................................................................................................... b 14 ................................................................................................. ?+ Q% >C& ; "< .' [ (1-2 17 .................................................................................................................................................... ;B (3 U< 17 .................................................................................................................................. PSCAD ' ( 17 .................................................................................................................................................................... b ' .' ( .' ( C 3 ;4 6 (1-3 17 ............................. PSCAD _B . & 18 ......................................................................................................................... J%' ) 3 6LVA (2-3 18 ............................................................................................................ (Components) 8 "& (1-2-3 18 ..................................................................................................... (Definitions) J%' ) (1-1-2-3 (2-1-2-3 18 ...................................................................................................... (Instances) 18 ...................................................................................................................... (Modules) E (2-2-3 19 ..................................................................................................................... (Projects) ] - (3-2-3 19 ............................................................................................. (Case) . ' . ] - (1-3-2-3 19 .................................................................................. (Library) . C& @ . ] - (2-3-2-3 19 ................................................................................................................................... PSCAD U < (3-3 21 .................................................................................................................... (Tab) F C & (1-3-3 2 21 ........................................................................ "A - ' I . ' (& ' ) (2-3-3 (1-2-3-3 21 ................................................................................... (Main Toolbar) "A ' (& ' (2-2-3-3 22 ................................................................................(Rotation Bar) D9 \ ' (& ' (3-2-3-3 23 .................................................................................... (Status Bar) )5 ' (& ' (4-2-3-3 23 ..................................................................................... (Setting Bar) 0 O ' (& ' 23 ..................................................................... "A - ' I . ' (& ?)I ) (3-3-3 23 ............................................................................ (Electrical Palette) % * * - (1-3-3-3 * - (2-3-3-3 24 .................................................................................... (Control Palette) E 25 .................. (Design Editor) 6 W N>% % DC& ' I . * - ' (& ' (4-3-3 @ * - (1-4-3-3 25 ............................................................................... (Graphic Palette) ' - ' (& ' (2-4-3-3 26 .......................................................................... (Parameters Bar) ' (& ' (3-4-3-3 27 ................................................................................... (Script Bar) 1% 27 .................................................................................................. (The Workspace) .' . n (4-3 28 ................................................................................................... (Project Tree) ] - 9' (1-4-3 28 ................................................................... (Main Page Branch) "A < A 9 + (1-1-4-3 29 ............................................................................... (Difinition Branch)J%' ) 9 + (2-1-4-3 32 ...................................................................... (Record Branch) 3 #LW ?2 9 + (3-1-4-3 33 ........................................................................................................ (Records) ' ' (4-1-4-3 @ . U& ' (5-1-4-3 34 ................................................................................ (Observers) 34 ................................................................................................. (Master Library) "A C& (5-3 - (6-3 35 ............................................................................................. (Output Window) I 9 V9 (1-1-6-3 35 ............................................................... (Errors and Warnings) ' V9 & (2-1-6-3 36 ................................................................................................................. (Tabs) 36 ........................................................................................................................ V9 ;< = - (7-3 37 ................................................................................................................................................. ' !\ ;B (4 37 ................................................................................................................................ ] - Q% 9 3 (I 37 .................................................................................................................................................................... b 37 ...................................................................................................................... % I ] - Q% % 37 ........................................................................................................................... ] - Q% .' o@' & 38 .................................................................................................................................... ] - Q% ?2 39 .................................................................................................. ] - Q% . < A = p \ 3 (1-4 (2-4 (3-4 (4-4 39 ....................................................................................................................... ] - Q% = E ) (5-4 39 ............................................................................................................................. ] - Q% q 9 (6-4 q 9 (7-4 40 .................................................................................................................. PSCAD' ( 40 ......................................................................................................................................... . ?+ (8-4 40 ...................................................................................................................... . ?+ . I (1-8-4 40 ........................................... ? < . "- E W r ,. ?+ = E W r (2-8-4 41 ............................................................................................................. 4 . ;% = 8 - (9-4 42 ................................................................................................................... ;% . & I 9 ?2 (10-4 42 ..................................................................................... 8 "& Q% Q% . ' - r (11-4 43 .............................................................................................................. 8 "& Q% ' 9 ' r (12-4 r (13-4 43 .......................................................................................... (Module) E Q% ' 9 ' 43 ..................................................................... E Q% ;9 ] - "A < A & >@ & (14-4 r (15-4 44 ........................................................................................... (Module) E Q% 3 (I' 44 ......................................................................................... (Display Options) D% F C (1-15-4 * (2-15-4 45 ..................................................................................................(Code Generation) 45 ................................................................................................. < A D% 3 (I ' r (16-4 46 ................................................................................... G W 3 ' s 9 DC& Q% p \ (17-4 46 ................................................................ < A & C& ' I 8 "& Q% = 5 (18-4 48 ............................................................................................... N% % & E 8 "& E B (19-4 48 .............................................................................................................. 0 !I r (20-4 @ t (21-4 48 .................................................................................................. PSCAD ' (Nodes) 49 ............................................................................................................................... I 9 D% (22-4 49 ........................................................................ (Curve) < ; + & I 9 D% (1-22-4 51 ................................................................................................................... ' t (1-1-22-4 51 ............................................................................................................. % @'(& r (2-1-22-4 52 ...................................................................................... F 4 D% 3 (I 0 O (3-1-22-4 @ . & I 9 D% (2-22-4 52 ................................................................... (Meters) = 5 (23-4 52 ............................................................. (Online Controls) = ( . E 53 ................................................................................... % I ( E ) . 8 "& % 9 (24-4 (1-24-4 53 ............................................................. (Component Wizard) 8 "& @ I 54 ....................................................................................................... (Step 1) E "6 (1-1-24-4 "6 (2-1-24-4 55 ...................................................................................................... (Step 2) "6 (3-1-24-4 56 ..................................................................................................... (Step 3) 4 57 ..................................................................................................(Step 4) ' !\ "6 (4-1-24-4 58 ...................................................................................................................................................0 - ;B (5 58 .................................................................................................................................... 8 "& 6 W 3 (I 58 .................................................................................................................................................................... b 58 ............................................................................................... (Design Editor) 6 W N>% % (1-5 58 ....................................................................................... :8 "& % E Q% J% ) N>% % (1-1-5 59 ........................................................................................................... .' . & >@ & (2-1-5 59 ...................................................................................................................... ' & .' o@' & (3-1-5 59 .................................................................................................................................... @ DC& (2-5 @ E + (1-2-5 60 ........................................................................................ (Graphic Objects) 60 .............................................................................................. @ ; + Q% % (1-1-2-5 61 .......................................................................... @ E + 3 BC> ' r (2-1-2-5 61 ..................................................................................................... = ; + ' r (3-1-2-5 . _1\ & (2-2-5 61 .............................................................................................. (Text Lable) 62 ..................................................................... . _1\ & 3 BC> ' r (1-2-2-5 62 ............................................................................................................ (Connections) 3` B (3-2-5 63 ................................................................................................. E B Q% = 5 (1-3-2-5 63 ........................................................................................ 3` B 3 BC> ' r (2-3-2-5 64 ................................................................................................................................... ' - DC& (3-5 ' (1-3-5 64 ................................................................................................................ (Categories) 64 ................................................................................................... % I ' Q% % (1-1-3-5 65 ................................................................................................................ ' D% (2-1-3-5 66..................................................................................................... '_ 0O (3-1-3-5 66...................................................................................................... ' D% D - (4-1-3-5 67 ......................................................................................... ' 3 BC> ' r (5-1-3-5 67 .............................................................................................................. ' Q% uo6 (6-1-3-5 " (2-3-5 67 ............................................................................................................ (Text Field) 67 ......................................................................................... . " = 5 (1-2-3-5 68 ............................................................................ . " 3 BC> ' r (2-2-3-5 69 ........................................................................................................ (Input Field) . ' " (3-3-5 69 ...................................................................................... . ' . " = 5 (1-3-3-5 5 69 ......................................................................... . ' . " 3 BC> ' r (2-3-3-5 71 ............................................................................. (Choice Box) & C ?)I . . ' (4-3-5 71 ...................................................................... & C ?)I . . ' = 5 (1-4-3-5 71 ...................................................................... & C ?)I Q% 3 BC> ' r (2-4-3-5 72 ....................................................................... F C ?)I & %(@ = 5 (3-4-3-5 73 ................................................................................................................................ 1% DC& (4-5 14 (1-4-5 74 ............................................................................................................... (Segments) 74 ............................................................................................... 14 Q% = 5 (1-1-4-5 75 ............................................................................................................. 14 D% (2-1-4-5 75 .................................................................................................. 14 Q% = 8 - (3-1-4-5 75 ...................................................................................................................... 14 t (2-4-5 75 ............................................................................................................... Computation (1-2-4-5 76 ........................................................................................................................... Branch (2-2-4-5 78 .......................................................................................................................... Fortran (3-2-4-5 79 .......................................................................................................................... DSDYN (4-2-4-5 79 .......................................................................................................................... DSOUT (5-2-4-5 80 ........................................................................................................................... Checks (6-2-4-5 80 ............................................................................................................................... Help (7-2-4-5 80 ................................................................................................................... Comments (8-2-4-5 80 .............................................................................................................................. FlyBy (9-2-4-5 82 ............................................................................................................. Transformer (10-2-4-5 82 ............................................................................................................... Model-Data (11-2-4-5 82 ....................................................................................................................... T-Lines (12-2-4-5 83 .................................................................................................................. Matrix-Fill (13-2-4-5 84 .................................................................................................................................................. 0>+ ;B (6 ' *' 84 ............................................................................................................................... PSCAD ' ( 84 .................................................................................................................................................................... b 84 ............................................................................................................................................ *' t (1-6 84 ...................................................................................................................... = % I 5 *' (1-1-6 86 ...................................................................................................................... F % !I B # (2-1-6 91 ...................................................................................................................... P 1% . *' (3-1-6 6 91 ............................................................................................................................. ! *' (1-3-1-6 92 ................................................................................................................. a @' !\ *' (2-3-1-6 92 .......................................................................................................... ( * BC> & *' (3-3-1-6 93 .......................................................................................... ; + ? BC> & *' (4-3-1-6 v C> . *' (4-1-6 94 ....................................................................... (Out of Step) = = 94 ...................................................................................................................... * " (5-1-6 95 ........................................................................................................... P ? < A # (6-1-6 95 ........................................................................................ :/ P . @ (1-6-1-6 96 .............................................................................. U9 & U9 P . @ (2-6-1-6 102 ................................................................................................................... ; 1 % *' (7-1-6 106 ...................................................................................................................................... N% A # (2-6 106 ................................................................................................................... : Ct (1-2-6 106 ......................................................................................... :(CVT) 9 ] * ' ' 1 (2-2-6 107 ................................................................................................................................................ 0 ;B (7 107 .................................................................................................................................PSCAD . Î 107 ................................................................................................................................................................. b 107 ............................................................................. (THE PRE-PROCESSOR) / > - % (1-7 107 .................................................................................................................. (Operators) N" # (2-7 108 ...................................... $ (Substitution Prefix Operator) %(N% I . > - N" # (1-2-7 108 .................................................................... {}((8Expression Braces ' ?# . ` (2-2-7 109 ......................................................................... ! (Comment Indicator) H 5 ' % (3-2-7 110 ..............................................................................................................(Directives) % (3-7 110 ................................................................................................................... #STORAGE (1-3-7 110 ................................................................................................................... #LOCAL (2-3-7 111 ................................................................................................................... #FUNCTION (3-3-7 112 ................................................................................................................... #SUBROUTINE (4-3-7 112 ................................................................................................................... #OUTPUT (5-3-7 113 ................................................................................................................ #TRANSFORMERS (6-3-7 114 ................................................................................................................... #WINDINGS (7-3-7 115 ............................................................... #IF, #ELSEIF, #ELSE, #ENDIF . % (8-3-7 117 ........................................................................................................... ~ U9 N" # (4-7 7 118 .............................................................................................................. #CASE W + % (5-7 119 .......................... ( @ bV , & 16 , 5 %' 3 ' ?# " Î ) 3 ' ?# & % ' (6-7 119 ................................................................................................................... 5 %' 3 ' ?# (1-6-7 120 .................................................................................................................. & 16 . N" # (2-6-7 121 .................................................................................................................. bV . N" # (3-6-7 122 .............................................................................................................. Ternary @ N" # (7-7 123 .............................................................................................................................................. 0 > ;B (8 123 ........................................................................................................................ DEBUGGING & % _ # 123 ................................................................................................................................................................. b 123 .................................................................................................. I 9 . E ' V9 - (1-8 123 ............................................................................................. I 9 -' E ) . - (2-8 126 ...................................................................................................................................... 0 y ' (3-8 127 ................................................................................................................................................. :o9z 8 Î (1 PSCAD ' (& Q% = # & ' 9 " + ' 1988 E ' ' & / * . & 1PSCAD ' ( >% 2 * . C1 . { EMTDC ?+ ' ( . & #LW . ;% * . & ' , { ' "& 4 # ' "I & ' |'(& 6 Q% ' ( /% E < % & . & , . ' = # & . ;% % . I & 3EMTDC = &' C1 /% . 6 W ' 9 ; "< ' . 0 1 ?+ 1 C1 ) P % ' 9 . & 1994 E ' .' ' ( Q% = # & PSCAD 4 I 3' A & ' 0 ' E , I &= ( ; + & ' 0 ' ,3 ' 6 W, + . & C1 /% I ;& 4 3 , I 0 1 Q% & PSCAD N% , + ' 1999 E ' % ' 9 . & 5. )& C1 4 = ' % 8 "& + ' "& 4 /% 0 1 = . & + ;% ? '` &. ?+ / # ' , + & + N% % & " C . /> % .' 8 "& /% + 6 W . + & 9 & s BC #LW . n . ' + ;% "? ' W & % . +. ?+ <A 4 / ' ` & X# & 0 1 /% ' . 01 6 W . # ; 'W & 1 3 ' + C1 E 6 / # ' ' . ?+ 6 W . & 8' ;& 4 8 > V < ,t I /% . ' I & ' I E6 . ' ' 3' 4 . ?+ .' ( . ?+ . ' /% 9 1 6 ' !\ C1 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 Power Systems Computer Aided Design Version 1 Electromagnetic Transients including DC Version 2 Version 3 Version 4 9 = 4 = , & +' ; ' W & ?% b E W' ?+ ' *6' ,= ( & .' ( 9 u . > - '( /% ' 6 W ' (& & ' . -. % B % I. ' 9 * 6 ' 4 ' + C1 . + & . & ' 4 . % I ' . + N ( ' +o@ ' 4. ?+ . E , ' I & ' .' . +. ?+ = W "& 4 4 ?!& X# & % I "% V9 Q @ % ;* / & .' I & ' 6 ' D% % .' !N , 6 W = % I N>% % . + & 3' 4 . 0 1 . 'o@ ; "< . ' ( /% ' 4 /% !& % PSCAD ... ! " # $ %& ' ()*+ PSCAD ! "#$ PSCAD (1-1 EMTDC ?+ ' Q & 3' 4 . 0 1 . 'o@ ; "< . & @ 1%' ( . Fortran = & & 7EMTP .' [ R & I ,. ?+ , 6 W + 3' A & ' ; "< ' 3 ' = '( /% ' . ' 4(* ' ' } ' ' = ( 'W &= + ' @L V < ' 3 #LW 5 . E . @ '01 . r 0 ' ; + + 1 .(%' &D-. E C& Q% . ' ' ( /% . N , % * . /+ ; + M- . E * , 1- . = * . +& ;& E b ~ V9 ,FACTS &= + I A9 E @ 5 ' 4 ' 9 ' PSCAD ; + @E , ' I J" C t ' E /% . 9 ' E /% = & & J% ) ;& 4 . E , N% t C& ' I . = * = ;? . + & Fortran 9& : % ' PSCAD ' I . E = 9 J" , b ' ' 1 ,;& b b* . • - 0 6 ' E b ~ V9 . & I E /% € 4 ) P 1& E b ~ V9 (= = % I ] * ^& 8 / +' " GTO , ' 1% , % 7 Electromagnetic Transients Program 8 Breakers 10 E % |* . * ... % . E ,10 ' % - , ' @ ,9 8 < ,AC DC . + . @ . = * . E AC DC t ... SVC ,HVDC . & . ' @ / &' , & % E ?+ ' EMTDC. & ' > - E 30 ,EMTDC ?+ ' & . +& &' R F ?< ' ( Q% & ;% ? ,PSCAD ; * / . + = !I HV ' 3' 4 . 0 1 , 5 & . ' ' 4 ( # ) ( *+ , -(.'/ 0 &# ' ' @ , 8 < , + ; + AC . ?+ ' ' * 6 .' 3 )* V . ' & !"& ,E b ~ V9 , ' ' 1 , / &' *' N ' ' 1 t ?+ 3 2 @ & / +' , ' ' 1 b% # N ' ' 1 & 5q = % . P ' Q ' (* " &% ' * . 01 6 W HVDC FACTS A # N * . ' - !& 6 W % I. * ' ' & ' € b< / +' " # E B , b# A 12 > - 3 )* V ' _ + > - 11 ^% ?+ & . & . / &' *(% . + P* - 3 2 ' &' € b< . & . / &' .] 'o@ 3` 6 3 )* V 9 Exciters 10 Stabilizers 11 Fast front 12 Steep front 11 (2-1 - 23"# 4 56 PSCAD $ (3-1 ' I , *' ;B ,' ( /% % I C1 ' % P 1% ,= % I 5 . *' t 9 &; + : 6 N>% R' t 5 & *' /% b& V )* V ; "< DC& ' ' ( 93 ,PSCAD "A ;%` ! N *' " #. ?+ . N>% R' )* V , + ' *' : 6 &~& R' ' = % ] - = : & , &. ?+ ; "< ;& 4 ' ( /% 1- Q% : 6 6 W 9' Q% . ' >C& : 6 6 W # )+ . ?+ ' % = % I . *' y 8 "& = % I 5 . *' 1 P 1% *' ' ... - !7 ;B /% . +; "A C& . +& ; 1 & 6' ' = , *' = , ?+ ' *' " # ' ' '( = # & '( /% F C " & + 8 12 (2 EMTDC 6 /9 & ,EMTDC solution engine = % PSCAD ' ( ) a ' /% AL9 ' W & DC& /% ' . + & ;6 . a ' = & > EMTP ;6 .' [ R . + + . a' a ' /% _ /% !& = = @ ) O EMTP ' . a ' % + s 9 . ; "< &' . & . & 'o@ ; "< ' ^ I . &' . & q I # 3 )* V . & ? a ' %' ;% ? E K = # & . + & + I ( . !& . < ' U9 E W ' q % I % ) . a ' &' 3' 4 . 0 1 & ~ & s 9 ' W & EMTP ' . +& + &' ( Q * . (* 6' a ' /% n)& * , + & "A ' ' ' 'o@ 3` 6 -. ?+ % E % . + I % & . ' ' . # . a ' & ;6 % E % . (Ct) 11@ X# & /% + ^ I ;?4 "- ' V9 & "- ' V9 ' I = = > I . a' K . + } - ' % @ ' % - . # • <* EMTDC EMTP ' . . @ "I V9 ^ +& 3' A ' @ ' 4 X<& ' Q 0 1 Q% ;6 a ' AL9 ' W & DC& /% ' . )I ;B . ! ' + ) Î & 9, * . a ' & ;6 . & _ RL-` ;% ? a ' 0 'V ;* & . # . a' .' &' @ M - ; * & |'(& . 0 1 . & 3` ) ( * a ' /%(N% I ` & 0 6 & 3 ? < ' % @ ? < = # & . + ;1 % 13 "% ' I :;. < ' (= #>) /9 (1-2 . = ' =% I $ * ‚ . => '1 @u W < % ; + t O<* ' ' = % I $ * % & ;6 a ' = . + & ") 0 , Ct , 2Ct , … , t - Ct 1 @ & b%'( = % I & & & I 9 . = % I t > = EW' . ? < : +& i12 (t ) + i13 (t ) + i14 (t ) + i15 (t ) = i1 (t ) R & . V& ' i12 = 1 {v1 (t ) v 2 (t )} R V& ' & (1-2 - ` =% I. &. +& ?+ . V& ' ,; 1 @. $ * EMTP ' *6. r : + + @$ * , b . & (2-2 - % * ) .I & P 14 % * ) %(N% I & @ b* . & : % & b di dt v(t ) + v(t 2 v=L i13 (t ) = t) =L i (t ) i(t t ' (3-2 - t {v1 (t ) v2 (t )}+ hist13 (t 2L :& hist13 (t t) t ) = i13 (t t) + & & t) "- t {v1 (t 2L ' hist t ) v3 (t = % MC%' t )} *6' (4-2 - @. ] * . # % b & O<* ' = % I ? < . & ) = & /% . + & ;?4 O<* ' @. ] * = % I O<* = :' I = 9 . & ( !& > U& ' i14 (t ) = hist14 (t . @ 2C {v1 (t ) v 4 (t )} + hist14 (t t t ) = i14 (t ) & & & P% t) + t) 2C {v1 (t t (5-2 - t ) v 4 (t t )} (6-2 - . % & V& ' ( N% . = * . & _ / & /% I' , + + . V& ' 0 1 ; . & % ! ' : +& ?+ ; ' I [G ][v(t )] = [i(t )] [hist ] (7-2 : @P 15 =' b P% = [G] @ ; $ * ' & = [V(t)] @; @ ; = % I ' & = [i(t)] ") MC%' ' & = [hist] .' / & E B ; * & % ! & ] * ^& E B ; * & @ n)& ` ) . + 0 1b E ! ") DC& & (7-2 V& ' ; * / & . ") . ] * : + ? < [VA(t)] . & (1,5b) V& ' ;6 " & E ! . ] * [G AA ][v A (t )] = [i A (t )] [hist A ] [G AB ][v B (t )] (8-2 - & : + E ? ; + /% & &_ } - &01 4 ^4 ' , "- ' . + K"K [GAA] P , + 9 [GAB] [GAA] . P% 9 ") = % I $ * ^& hist ") % b R & (8-2 V& ' ' . ' & P + K"K P% & [VA(t)] . & V9 3` ) N P . + ' & ... (4-2 V& ' (6-2 V& ' hist DC& . < . )& "- & ' ;?4 . + ;6 ' ] * ? < . & " ' W & . N& ' 4 ' . )& 3 ? < ' + ' . @ ' 4 ' "?4 "- 3 #LW "- ' @ /% ' . + ‚ A. ?+ -t +' * . ?+ % & * % b & % b "A L& * . + 16 % b EMTDC EMTP ' A P% % b & *6 . r , + { / (3 PSCAD ?#) =% &' . & PSCAD ' ( % / 1C ?+ ' ; !1 . & . - U < /% . +& I 9 - ' (& ?)I , ' (& ' ,.' . n _B . & ' .' ( .' ( C 3 ;4 6 ' P- DC& /% ' G+ ! b% W - 3 (I ,PSCAD ' ( ' 0! J%' ) ,PSCAD I N% . C1 ' + & 4 ' + C1 & ~ & ! 3 (I /% 9&. + . 1 0 1 ; 1 /% % & 0" ; + & % E K ' ( U < & * I % + P. + ' M - 3' 3' 4 ' . ; + '( /% U < , + - /% . ' I . PSCAD @ '# '# . + `&. / 7 : / 7 : 3 !& - MHz 500 ;4 6 # '1 Windows 98, NT 4.0, ME, 2000 or XP GNU Fortran - . ( = + = N% ' "% Visual Fortran 5 , 6 . + & 128 MB > &.n 8 6 (1 - 3 '( - 100 MB 4 . 800x600 ; #01 '( = 5 . '( !& - 64 MB >& (RAM) O 6 ;4 6 ] -. & . & *9.n Hard disk /+ * ' ;4 6 - SVGA CD-ROM 17 R - D% N% ' 3 <A Instalation.avi /0 Film ' 7 8$ 6 3 PSCAD 56 / 0 120 3 45! .9' ( 7 ! A * 7 6B,C (2-3 (Components) <; $ (1-2-3 = * % N , * N% , Q% E % * t 8 "& & 'W & @ ; K Q% (8 "& Q% N% GLVA ' ) 8 "& Q% . PSCAD % ' . # ' + 6 W s 9 ^& Q% = . & 8 "& ` ) . ' I %( + & . ) . I 9 . ' .' 8 "& /% ! "9 . r &2 % b . |'(& 0 1 Q% ; > . + 0 O ( 8 "& = & (Definitions) A (1-1-2-3 ;& 4 6 W N>% % €% W . 1 8 "& . # % J%' ) . +& E . ' < . -, *B . @, @ . ; + J%' ) . + & Q% . 9 . & J%' ) /% . + .' !N ] - C& ' 8 "& J%' ) . + + 6 W. 01 ' . & 8 "& (Instances) * (2-1-2-3 ] -' 8 "& = J%' ) C1 Q% b b6 ' 8 "& Q% . ' - % b .' ! 9 \ J% ) Q% = . + r _I 8 "& = J% ) ' . r * . +&3 ;% + ; + 6 9s9 . + ; ' /E (Modules) <>9 (2-2-3 R & 1% & .I & ! "A ^& + & 8 "& Q% A9t E . +& , + 9 L?4 . N% 8 "& _ I& ' ? "1" ~ ? ' Q% + & N% . E ; > E /% . ' 1 % I ;& 4 . + & Page Components % Sub Pages E /% N% ' ! "9 . '- % b ] -' = ' E Q% Q% ! . ' = & ' W &= 18 (Projects) <&?" Q% ' ' ! . I 9 8 "& & . . < , 8 "& J%' ) ; + . +&0 1 ?+ Q% 3 b") PSCAD = &' & ;% ;% /% . .' N Project @' 9 G W ?* E , I &= ( :' I ] -t '( /% ' (Case) /% . + ! ' =' 0b1 'W & PSCAD ' K 1 . ?+ …% . + I . % ' D% & < . ' (1-3-2-3 " ;& 4 ] - & W + & , +& I 9 . ' . ] - uL9 & . @ ' 4 ' C& . " ' 4 & ~ ? ' PSCAD ' ( &P ) '( (3-2-3 / FG H (2-3-2-3 . 8 "& J%' ) ; + . C& . ] ;& 4 . ' . ] ' J%' ) ] - /% . + .' o@' & . ' ] - P . C& Q% = # & ! + I % ;% ' . + & *.psl ;% /% 1- & &' -' 3I FG H PSCAD ?#) (3-3 1% -= b b6 ' ' ( U ! &' % E K 19 20 (Tab) @ A 0 0 B (1-3-3 6 W < A :Circuit 8 "& @ 6 W < A :Graphic . ' . ' - 0 O < A :Parameters ] - %! = :Fortran 3 #LW "A < A :Data * . r N>% < A :Signals @ N>% < A :Nodes ' ($ & C) 7 7 ! D< 5 0 (6 * (2-3-3 (Main Toolbar) (>C K#J/ K#J/ Creates a new case project (*.psc file) Loads a case project (*.psc file) Saves changes to the active project (*.psc file) &?" #+ (0 > *6 &?" #+ 7 3 Print current page 6 GH EIJ KL Cuts the current selection to the Windows clipboard &9' @ A 0 MA N9+ Copies the current selection to the Windows clipboard &9' @ A 0 MA (O Pastes from the Windows clipboard &9' &9+ Undo + (O MA N90 IPL 1QR Redo E S N7 7 / C0 & "7 Compile (build) all modules (active project only) N7 21 / (1-2-3-3 E 9+9! &?" #+ E F 7 ! - T+ O Make project (active project only) &?" T+ 6 E F Run simulation (active project only) DB F Stop simulation (active project only) DB F Pause simulation (active project only) Advances run by one time step (while pause is invoked) I' U-V DB F W7 X )< DB F I' V H I' $ $ D ! 9' > *6 Take a snapshot Pan (dynamic scroll) I' D ! V H + 2H #+ Y 6 S Z" E [ #W \ Zoom in one step (+ C ! N7 Zoom out one step N7 Zoom control list box ]5 #L (+ W0 ] 5 8 ^)H Invoke wire mode 8 F > 2H Create new component 9+9! ; $ #+ E F Launches Find feature C P! About PSCAD version PSCAD & 7 (Rotation Bar) LM $ K#J/ K#J/ Rotate selection counterclockwise E_! 7 &9' @ A 0 MA N90 Rotate selection clockwise E_! 7 &9' @ A 0 MA N90 L ER F D < QR Mirror selection E ER F D < TX' L QR `XR &9' @ A 0 MA (+ C ! D )+a 22 (2-2-3-3 / Flip selection b B TX' &9' @ A 0 MA (+ C ! Y+ (Status Bar) K#J/ #*J K#J/ Displays the mouse pointer X and Y coordinates while in either the Circuit, or the Graphic windows of the Design Editor (whichever is currently displayed). XYZ Indicates project is being compiled and built. F E Z" T\ N7 7 N 0 &?" T+ O Moving gears: Indicates that the simulation is running (Runtime). DB F " ! 0 0 I' / C0 0 0 (Setting Bar) 2#N& K#J/ Change PSCAD plot step (3-2-3-3 / K#J/ (4-2-3-3 / E D <()\) (0 B D < $ > 7 GH PSCAD Control settings menu button <8 ^)H EF _6 W 7 Control settings template list <8 ^)H D < ($ & C) 7 7 ! EP D< 5 I*! (6 * (3-3-3 (Electrical Palette) (: 3:+ K#J/ K#J/ Add wire E " Q N7"56 Add inductor $F N7"56 23 (1-3-3-3 E 8 F N7"56 Add resistor +H Add capacitor NB Add ground Y B N7"56 Add pin PIN N7"56 Add node label & S N7"56 Add external node (Xnode) Add breakout N7"56 (! "B 6 F & S N7"56 (- #H / S +7 T+9IH `X*$ Add current meter Oa Add voltmeter W " Add voltmeter with ground Add a t-line configuration Y B EIP0 W " > Q 0 c 3 W ^)H N7"56 Add a t-line interface > Q 0 c N7"56 Add a cable configuration T Add a cable interface 3 W ^)H N7"56 T N7"56 (Control Palette) K#J/ K#J/ +H (2-3-3-3 E Add data tap (H R A 0 N7"56 Add data merge (H R S / d7 N7"56 Add data label (H R 1PL N7"56 Add integer constant E J e \ 79R N7"56 Add real constant E J (Q Q[ 79R N7"56 24 3& Add import 3R Add export D7" " N7"56 3R Add output channel (!" (!" N7"56 > 0 N7"56 Add slider &905G N7"56 Add switch 9 $ N7"56 Add dial S & W' \ Add pushbutton Add graph frame Add XY plot D N7"56 6 W 7 N7"56 (D 7 W0 D <c ) _ )\) @ V N7"56 & G "7 D <()\) @ V N7"56 Add control panel " ( ) D <c ) ( ) \ N7"56 (D S &B 90 Add annotation box Y N7"56 Add sticky note Design ) (f[ E' 77 + ] N7"56 f+ +" MA 7 7 ! D <E " < 5 0 (4-3-3 (Editor (Graphic Palette) (:# K#J/ Reload changes from last save K#J/ ($ Set layers Show/Hide all layers E ($IV EIJ B & "7 D 5S Return to circuit view \ E SB < +b E F < +b N7 25 (1-4-3-3 I +H (4 0 " (4 Add line c N7"56 Add rectangle g S _L N7"56 Add ellipse (h N7"56 Add arc (90°) ! 7 90 N W N7"56 Add arc (180°) ! 7 180 N W N7"56 Add text label Y N7"56 Add connection node 3b 2H N7"56 Default line colour <c i 6 M j0 Default line weight <c i 6 M ( $ Default line style <c i 6 M >9 Default fill style \ j0 i 6 M >9 (Parameters Bar) K#J/ Reload changes from last save 3 K#J/ ($ \ Set layers E SB < +b E F Search for symbol names C P! Add new text field Y 9$ 6 N7"56 Add new input field D7" " 9$ 6 N7"56 Add new radio button choice group (+ +7 26 / (2-4-3-3 E ($IV EIJ B & "7 D 5S Return to circuit view H W 7 N7"56 Add new drop list &90" Y + EF _6 N7"56 Navigate category pages < F @A0 Add new category F #+ N7"56 View category properties F 3 2A Delete category F N7 Move category up one level ; b $ #+ F #+ > Q 0 Move category down one level Y+ $ #+ F #+ > Q 0 Move category to top T\ Y+ Hb F #+ > Q 0 T\ Y+ H Y + F #+ > Q 0 Move category to bottom (Script Bar) (" / K#J/ K#J/ Reload changes from last save (3-4-3-3 E ($IV EIJ B & "7 D 5S Return to circuit view ($ \ E SB Search for text C P! Search for and replace text ()+5 + ! " C P! Navigate segments 9 Add new segment 9 Delete segment ,. ' . ] /% PSCAD ' . + & / 9 \ \ \ @A0 #+ N7"56 N7 ; (The Workspace) P (4-3 1 * ; + .' . n . + & ] - 9' = b b6 ' + .' o@' & . C& . ] 8 "& J%' ) , E 27 E) .' ] - Q% ! * + .' o@' & ] - Q% . + I . ?+ D& ' I = 1% ] - E ) ] - . + & . + .' o@' & 1% ] - / * > Main Library "A C& ' . % ' E J%' ) , 8 "& & 0 b 1 = ] - 9' . % + = .' . ' b 1 +Q " '& E . & 'A { E ) . ' . ] - ,. C& . ] - = = > . & . = % : + E) . ] - • (y ' . 1 9) . ' E ) { . ] (y ' & ) . ' E ) . ] - • C& • (Project Tree) &?" E 7 (1-4-3 3 #LW , ] - ' . . Q" [-] I J%' ) 3 #LW . ' , ' +_ 9' . ' 9 ' L# . & = / 1& . & [+] I .' . n ' +& E _ . ] 1" + ?2 L# . & 9 + % = &. & (Main Page Branch)(>C )5C M . +& "A < A & ~ & + J% ) ] - Q% ' 28 % E . ' I " ? (1-1-4-3 9 + /% ' "1" ; + & N>% % ' ^4 E < A 3 BC> % .' : + . ;% ' b1 ' E 0 E E . &= Q " '& & ' Q " & .0% + 6 W .0 r = . & "A < A = => . & (Main Page) "A < A (Module) E (Difinition Branch)A + J% ) O ' ] -' ! +& . ' I DC& /% ' 8 "& J%' ) "A C& ' 29 . = % • • (2-1-4-3 " 1 * ; + 9 + /% I . EK ' W &. * M. ' &' < 5 = ;& b DC& J% ) (ID) ;% - ' 0 b 1 ' W & 8 "& J% ) . & = : + =% : '& + N% . ] - L?4 ?2 *.cmp & L?4 % ! , + = > + ;9 DC& Q " '& & . + & J% ) = .0% + 6 W N>% % @ ' Q " J% ) "A 9 + . & @ % ' ' 9 & s BC &' %(@ /% Q% J% ) Q% = ?1\ . & :Paste Defintions . +& + , + .' o@ J% ) Q% = ' . & :Import Defintions . +& 30 : + =% % ! + 'Q" 8 "& J%' ) Q% % ' ' 9 & s BC &' %(@ /% . + & = J% ) (ID) ;% D% % . & :Properties . + O ' 8 "& J% ) D% % . & :Edit Definition . + J% ) Q% = uo6 . & :Delete Definition . +& I 9' & J% ) Q% = ?1\ . & :Paste Definition <A' . & 8 "& Q% J% ) Q% 9 . & :Creat Instance < A & %& + 9 ' O /% & . + %(@ /% "A . + ?1\ "A *.cmp 1- & ;% Q% ; + & J% ) Q% ?2 . & :Export As… . + ] - b& @ I ' W & J% ) Q% ;% . & :Compile Module . 1 % ' ;& 4 6 W N>% % DC& ' + 9 . ;% . + : +& E 8 "& N>% 3 6 W & % = . & @ : = &) 8 "& Q% J% ) • > & % Q% . ' ) 8 "& Q% J% ) • ( ( ( = &) E 31 Q% J% ) • Q% - % 5 ( > & % Q% . ' ) E Q% J% ) (Record Branch) 7 QBR '& 9 + /% @ 6, = ( !% E Ea < • (3-1-4-3 . + & s 9 ] - Q% ' I #LW . ' ' " ; + 9 + /% &( ! & : ' ', + 5 ] - &= ( . E I 9. E . + uo6 ( ! ' ' + uo6 ' & 5 +& + I ] -' ,= ( . E I 9. E " . +& + I * . @ ,.' . U& ' Q% % ' +& 1 ] - . & ' ' 9+ => % ; + & 9+ % . ' I Ia Ea . & I 9E Alpha Order Q% Ia , (r* Q% Alpha Order LK . + & I 9 %E t => Q% . + & (Meter) @ : +& % ; + €& V ' 32 ;S M . Q% & ~ & 9+ . + =% % ; + €& V ! + ' Q " 9+ % . ?1\ "A < A . & F C ' : + & v C> ;& 4 Q% %(@ + 6 W .' W = % ; + (Records) < E 33 . & @ = ' ' ' ' / • • (4-1-4-3 (Observers) (:# % " " (5-1-4-3 (Master Library)(>C 3 (5-3 " ; + C& /% . + & "A C& , 9' 1 * ' I ] - / * > ! = &. &. + 01 3' K 9 . & 1% = * - . & C& "A ! . Q " '& = 9+ . & "A PSCAD "A : + =% 34 = ' 5 . + O ' 9 + ' = % Q% . ' & Q " E " " 'W &. I C& . = * K , ! :' I ' I A # . &. +_ "A 9' ' I % 9 + % .2 , < A . & = = ?1\ .3 ' 6 W < A & = = ?1\ '& ' &= ' E C& ' B# Q% 9 , <A = * .1 C& (Output Window)(V M F W&H (6-3 % U& ' & . & " I = . - (Build) 9 . - DC& ' + & + * EMTDC % . + . & 0 1b = > (RunTime) . +& = …% D% 1I . & ( (Errors and Warnings) : +& ! t => I 9 -' ,M I . . = )% , EL 9 ' \ ' . ?+ . I ?+ …% ' V9 /% . + (1-1-6-3 - y' ' 3 ,M • H <A ' V9 V9 = &. ?+ E + '\ ' . & • • ,' V9 . ' V9 /% & I . ?+ . I 9 , +& + I I 9 = ' % V9 'A' P- , &%_ # P vC> ' V9 ;< & % & &' . + ^V4 "A L& ( )I 0! ;B & > & 3 < 5 . &) . { '. ?+ ' & 35 9 (Tabs) ,Fortran . ;% - " D% . + & ] - Map Data - /% . + & PSCAD 9 % 8 "& & ~ & . ?+ . I = ' V9 V9 . - " D% ;< :Runtime ! ' 9 W9 & " *6 ' - t /% . + EMTDC U . 1 0! . # ' % %' ! % = " &= . +& + I 01 ' " > ' A ' :Search . - ;< 1I . & I 9 Q% " & 9 -' + ' V9 _ /% & ' - ' V9 ;< Q V9 . (2-1-6-3 ;< :Build ' ,M ) Y #H (7-3 I V9 ;< = -. & a ' Q% ' W & PSCAD .0 Q " '& V9 . => D" 36 $ (4 FG H < O ,' M &' 7 #Z V * ;6 ' . + . + ] -. ?+ . & 3 (I DC& /% ' ' ] - ... 3 BC> r , I 9' ,.' o@' & , % File|Load 1 ,. C& 1* ' +& + 1& \ 1 .' \ .' \, +& & \ 37 % . C& % V FG H < W (1-4 t % I ] - Q% % FG H < [I (2-4 + ?2 L?4 % ] - .' o@' & . + Project + .' o@' & L?4 % ] . ' I File|Recent Files FG H < ;S (3-4 ,' I ' ] - Q% ?2 . & 'Q" = = % . &, F C .' . n ' O ' ] - . F C ' Save %(@ * 6 /% ' + & + 4 . ?2 File|Save Active Project 1 . + ?2 E ) ] - Ub 'Q" = = % . &, /% ' +& + 4 . ?2 ,' I ' N% & ] - Q% ?2 . & F C .' . n ' O ' ] - . F C ' Save As %(@ File|Save Active Project As 1 . + ?2 E ) ] - Ub * 6 38 FG H < )5C Y \ $ (4-4 . + File|Print All 1 , ] - Q% 3 < A 3 ' " p\ . + File|Print Page 1 , + & ] - Q% . < A 3 ' p \ , ] - Q% 3 < A 3 ' " -\ > File|Print Preview All 1 . + , + & ] - Q% . < A 3 ' -\ > Preview Page 1 . + File|Print . & ,( ] - Q% . I &) + & ' Set As Active %(@ FG H < Y * (5-4 + I .' . n 1 * ' ] - \ *6 ' ' Q " ] - "A = % . & , O ' ] - = E ) . FC FG H < ' ] M (6-4 :' I ' .' . n ! ] - Q% = q' 9 . & File|Unload 1 , FC = . & Q " '& & ' O ' ] - . % ?& Project ' Q " O ' ] - "A = % . & F C ' Unload %(@ . 39 PSCAD File|Exit . + ' ] M (7-4 1 '( q 9 ' #;. (8-4 DB F I' D ! (1-8-4 + vC> E ) ] ?+ . I . & . + + ^V4 1& L# & "A = % . & O ' " , ] - "A E) C& 9 - & J4 . + (H IF \ D < $ > FC &= = I , + ] - .' o@' & - = + & P- . Q " '& . Q" = . &. { . ?+ , - Q% = + & & . % ?& %? &Q" & =% I 9 -' . . ?+ GH %DB F I' N B > ' Project Settings ! ;9 , "A = % . & Q " ' & & ' ] . F C ' Project Settings %(@ P 40 P- ?+ N . 9 3 (I GH (2-8-4 ' Q " ] - "A = % . & "A < A & 1 % N% a ' . , ' Q " "A < A . & . F C ' , I = ,E . +& 2 6 ' . ?+ = E W vC> :Duration of run ? < . "- / & "A vC> :EMTDC time step . ;6 ' 3` ) EMTDC . < ' ' 4 % "- / & "A BC> :PSCAD plot step . % ' D% & I 9 & (38/ Y ` H (9-4 .' !N *.emt 1- & ] - 0 . + - = ' ] - Q% . ?+ N ;% /% %(@ ' Q " ] - "A = % . & ! = 8 - . & . + Cleaning . F C ' Temporary Directort (.emt) 41 ! *.emt Yes FC & ' Project 1- & ] - 4 (V M ;S (10-4 Settings|Save channels to disk? & . / ) ' I 9 ;% 1P ,E ) = +- = ;% /% .' !N ;< FC I %& . +& /E < 3 H ##b (11-4 ,' I ' ' /% . & Q" = . &'& . ' Properties %(@ 'Q" = . & `/> < ' . + 42 . Edit FC `/> < 3M ##b (12-4 ' Q " E . & ' /% . & ' Edit Definition… %(@ %(@ = . & Q " (Module) ' & % Q " '& M ' FG H (>C )5C =I' (14-4 ,' I ' ' /% . & .' . n 1 * ' I ] - "A = % . & < . Q" '& < 3M ##b (13-4 E . & ' /% . & . F C ' Definition… 43 /% . Q% FC FC = ' ' Up one Module & L# + . Module Settings %(@ 'Q" E <A & "A < A & = @ & . & %(@ 6`& & E _ "1" ' "6 (Module) < 7 #Z V ' Q " ] - 3< A . + =% %(@ ##b (15-4 . & @ % - (Display Options) M+ W0 @ A 0 (1-15-4 vC> :Show Conecction grid . ' 4 ' ' @ ' 4&' . r ) E N ;< vC> :Show Signal locations . + =% < A. & % = % , +FC %(@ /% 4 . ' 3` B = ( * < A. & Wb (Online Signals) ... * /% , . +& (Feedforward) ' 9 D - . E N • (Feedback) ' 9 P- . E N • " , (r* O = ( . E N • * ' + vC> :Show sequence numbers 8 "& . ;< => ] - Fortran ;% ' E 44 (Code Generation) 9 9 H (2-15-4 X# & %(@ /% F C :Order Components Automatically % ' * . 01 * Q ' W & PSCAD . / ) ' % I & EMTDC + & + O ' . 6 &' % N + & + F C % & %(@ /% . 0O 'W &' * , + ;% ] - Q% 4 :Optimize storage of feed-forward signals "- ' + 9† "9 O 6 Q% ' = ' 9D - . r " /%- # + X# & t 5 /% . + . )& . "- . & ! >C& . % & + 9† #LW ! , + F C %(@ /% @ . "- . & PSCAD . + C%' ' & "- ' 3 #LW b& . = & . )& '( 01 + . Q . ' Page Setup FC %(@ )5C L E 7 #Z V ##b ,' I ' 3 r /% Q" ' < A. & ' Page Setup %(@ ' Q " ] - 9' ' O ' < A . & . FC <A ' < A !I ' 45 - - - (16-4 %. & - r :Paper Size r :Orientation - . 'Q" Print preview %(@ c R 7 ' d M L < \ $ (17-4 F C R ‡\ / + N & ' O ' DC& -\ = % . & Print Selection %(@ ,p \ . & P . F C ' Selection /V/ `/> < Y J (18-4 ,' I ' ' /% . & 'Q" " &P F C ' O ' B # , ' C& ;9 & . ?1M& O ' < A . & P , O ' 9+FC P- . Q " C& ] - [+] L# . & . ?1M& < A . ' % 1& Q% O ' = * )5C .' 3 46 ! , ' Add Components %(@ . & . FC 47 'Q" <A. & ' O ' = * +=% Q @ % , E N 3` B v C> ' E B t Q e : `/> (19-4 " . & ' I 0 t Q% ! PSCAD ' ( ' ' W & '( . + % * 3` B V9 ,' I ' 3` B .' 4 & . & . R N> I . F C ' "A -' I Q " E B .' 4 & . & O ' Vb / * . & . + 0"4 Q% & ;% ? / & E B _ /% & . Q " . )& Vb . & P . > 0 * 6 = + q' 9 . & Vb /% 9 ' . + ' 4 & ~ b Esc " . '> " < A' I . & '0 %? ;B + )V4 ' 4 & EB , N% % & ' y ' (? ^& ' % EB = &' 0 FC #LW & ! r '0 % ' & N% % & 8 "& % * . @= ) + E) = .! E W ! . &R * ' (& ' . 0 - & ' 4 <A N PSCAD ' . N& ' 4 N% % . ' 1 % N% I ;& 4 . 2# V F' ##b (20-4 , Q" 0 . & N /+ N & .(. + vC> . 9 M& J" C !I PSCAD (Nodes) F I f / (21-4 I. & @. #LW t @ :Data Lable = & N% . Vb ' E B = .' 4 & . Vb ' #LW .(Remote ; + & E B ) ' 48 N% % & 0 EB = 0 E ;9 &. ' & I 9 \ E B ;< :Pin - I. & @. % * t @ :Node Lable = & N% . Vb ' E B = .' 4 & . Vb ' % * .(Remote ; + & E B ) ' &' % * ~ ? ' .' 4 & . & . % *t @ :XNode . ' ' & = q' 9 & @ :Import . + & E ;9 #LW E N ~ ? ' .' 4 & . & #LW t #LW E N ~ ? ' .' 4 & . & #LW t . +& D% .' ) ; + & ! & DC& /% ' + (V M L E (22-4 I 9 %&. ?+ Q% . @ ; "< . & €% W \ & PSCAD ' ( ' I 9 D% . + .0% - (Curve) ()\) TX' = ' 3 #LW P @ :Export E q' 9 + 9 ' F4 & %&' 49 <(!" Q% ' M+ W0 (1-22-4 I 9 D% . & . % ' D% & ;B O ' E N & FC E ' (& ?)I ' I 9E & . t . & ' Add =% ; +' FC ' . 1 'Q" < F4 E Analog (digital) Graph %(@ 1 'Q" Input/Output F 4 .' DC& . & ' Q " & %! . I 9E = % . ' &P . FC ' I 9' ' (& ?)I ;9 1 % N% a ' Q" '= . &P . ' 4 <A I 9 E = % . & = P- . FC ' . F C ' Referemce|Add as Curve F C ' Paste Curve %(@ < A . ' I 50 . % ' D% &' . & } -. ?+ { & = /E f / :' , + |* , + E r t . &. . I 9 D% . & : r (= % I ] * q % . I 9 D% . & : r ( *' " # + . < D% . & : r ;?4 DC& ' + ' a' I Q ). Q ). ,E ' PSCAD (1-1-22-4 t - ' ' Analog . ' = N% r Digital . ' = N% r Analog . ' . + ; + & D% . & E P . ' 4 <A.' FC E ' (& ?)I ' XYPlot . &Q" ' P- . F C ;?4 a ' & ' E (E N ) r & ;B I 9 . F C ' Paste Curve to X(or Y)-Axis %(@ F C ' O ' ' < XYPlot . F C ' N% ' < ' ' '/ ( r . & (2-1-22-4 " < A. &R " Q ' W & % @'(& 0 O . & " = = Q\ . & + " < = |'(& . & . ( E&I . '> " '> <A. & '- 51 ##b 14 + N 'R ‡\ 1 < . A 9 DC& = |'(& . & FC O ' ' 'R (3-1-22-4 + ' 3< 5 % Help & > & 3 #LW . & g 8 L E 7 #Z V 2#N& . +& U % & HV ' . . & PSCAD ' ( )I (Meters) < S &B 90 D" <(!" M+ W0(2-22-4 0 % ' . ' ' D% &( @ ' ' I 9. E N = PSCAD ' Q " & P .0 ;B O ' E N & I 9E = % I 9E . & ' . F C ' Input/Output Referemce|Add as Meter 1 P . . ' 4 <A. & Control Panel FC ' . FC Paste (Online Controls) Y E ?+ & = ( ' W & . ' . E N . FC 'E ,' %(@ 3& Y 9&E = t E F4.I &E6 'Q" = . ' & (23-4 J PSCAD '( .' I &' %. & ' (& ?)I Q" = = % . &. ;B O ' E N & ' 4 <A.' = P- . F C ' Input/Output Referemce|Add as Control 1 = .' &P . ' 4 <A. & FC ' . FC ; +' ! : 52 Control Panel Paste >% ' %(@ - E P ' E ?)I 'Q" t . )I . @ % b . E ' 4 '& ' E . 3 (I ?+ / 6 ' = > & 3 #LW . & M (24-4 Component 8 "& Q% 9 . & - 9 . & @ ' (& Q% @ I . E % 8 "& Q% % . & ' (& /% a ' DC& /% ' V( ) 8 "& @ I ,E Q% % 9 &' , J% ) Q% /% .0 = # &= . r ' O ' . E N PSCAD ' ( Help & = ( % 8 "& Q% `/> W (Component Wizard) <; $ S"7 ! B &7 ' 4 = .' . ' + .' o@' & O ' ] ,' ;A 6 = W , { ;?4 I a ' 8 "& Q% 9 . & . %' New Component = > "A ' (& ' Creat new Component %(@ F C *9 < A. & 53 F (1-24-4 'Q" - , + =% % ; + & ?+ 8 "& @ I /% { (Step 1) - (1-1-24-4 : + % . . ' ; & % I 8 "& Q% 9 E "6 €& V = "% ' & %& O ' 8 "& ID = % :Name (. + { * 9 . n % # & 0 /% ) . + & & / /% , + + U9 /% ;9 @ ( & C ) :(Optional)Title . + % + + 9 8 "& = ' @; + ‡\ ,/ % - ,` & ' Q ' W & 3` B 1 ;% @ :Connections &. vC> DC& /% ' ' ! ) , + 5 9 E 6 ' 8 "& ' 8 "& ‡\ ' EB )% , + + 2 # ‡\ ' @ EK ' W (. + % 5( @ ; + & 3` B /% ) . + 5 . F C ' %(@ /% , % 1& E Q% 9 N :Page Module (. + & Page Components % Sub Pages = N% ) ' Next> )& DC& & / ' . & ; ' O ' . . ' . FC 54 >6 (Step 2) +FC 3` B !I (2-1-24-4 "?4 -' % I 9 % . ' J% ) 0 O . & . )& = > (? . D" , - ‡\ @ %B ' . + . J% ) E 6 ' E B = > %` & ?)I . O ' : + % . . ' ; & % I 8 "& Q% 9 "6 >6 & %& /% ,E B :Connection Name ( r ) 1 /% . + & Fortran "% . + 9 + & / /% , + + I /% ' ' A ' ( & C ) :Display Label . + + J% ) E 6 ' E B ' ' @; + t 3` B /% . vC> ' E B t :Connection Type . + & % * E B 3 #LW I 9 ,3 #LW . ' /% , + & + F C % * E B ;?4 . ' ' ' A ' :Node Type . vC> ' % * @ t %(@ + F C 3 #LW I 9 % . ' ;?4 . ' ' ' A ' :Data Type . vC> ' 3 #LW t %(@ /% , + & ' I . ' E B /% = R ;9 55 - - 'W & + > FC vC> ' E B /% )& %(@ /% :Dimension %(@ /% . + @ O ' . )& Q E B ‚ D ' E N Q% E B . + & Fortran % , % ' < A /% ' ' 9 ' . 'N + vC> 3` B Q% . &Q ' W & < A /% . . + ' A' P- , + & > F C E "6 ' Page Module . ' 4 "6 @ . N F C ' Next> ' E <A' & @ I ,3` B (Step 3) / . +& FC +FC : + I . ' Page Module >6 %(@ E "6 ' + N % . . ' ; & % I 8 "& Q% 9 R . & J% ) E 6 ' E FC ' O ' 56 (3-1-24-4 "6 /% "6 :Paper Size . < A !I :Orientation <A (Step 4) ' = W P- . + ' 3 #LW 3 #LW ' r . & ' < Back %(@ 3' A /% { ' . 57 (4-1-24-4 % ' O & ! "6 /% 3 #LW F C ' Finish . FC . ' $ >6 2W&H (5 `/> (6 R 7 #Z V 9 = , ' 1& . E (% PSCAD '( N% = &' . &' U . ' + & 8 "& Q% 3' A & ! % & & ,PSCAD ' ( ' "9 . '& &' ' I& '= ' 8 "& . = . . ' ' ' % & 3? DC& /% . + 9 - 8 "& 3 BC> ' . ' PSCAD . "A DC& .' . . r 6 Î '( 3 BC> % + 6 W. E ) 9 ' M-t 6 W. E . & /% 8 "& . + 5 ' ( < , E 8 "& q' 9 U < . r Wa ' & & DC& /% & 0 DC& & N N ~ ? ' (Design Editor)(6 R e= (1-5 8 "& D% % . & % # % ; + DC& /% 1 I 6 W N>% % < A % ' % & 3' A & Graphic Parameters Script - :; $ + >9 #+ %(@ 'Q" O ' 8 "& . & E 58 + *H + +" (1-1-5 % 8 "& D% % DC& & / ' . & . F C ' Edit Definition D 9 D W0 ,' E) E SB I ' .' . & 8 "& J% ) DC& >@ & . & .' . n ' ] - "A = % . & Q " ' & - View|Graphic palette 1 , @ *-' 1 I @ *- > &' 4 & "7 D lS ,' I ' , + 'A' . (3-1-5 r 3 #LW ' & .' o@' & . & @ *-' I *9 < A. & Reload Dialog %(@ F C DC& /% ' . PSCAD . 5 ' N% (2-1-5 'Q" - (:# I L (2-5 E , + / & U& ' /% "A b b6 ' 8 "& Q @ @ 3 (I / , 8 "& / & ~ ? ' . & * B . @ 59 . FC & @ DC& = E) . & (Graphic Objects)(X 6 S > X' (1-2-5 . ' I 8 "& Q% @' 9 6 W. & "C E + U9 n& a @ ' !\ = 6 W Q% . r ;& 4 ! . U9 y ' ,y ' O E + /% 3 BC> = % J" C = &' & ' O ' 8 "& * ) "A ^& "A u F9 @ . (:# ,' E + /% New Graphic %(@ F C I ' 6 W. & I :. < @ ; + Q% @ *- 6 W N>% % < A . & Q " 60 W (1-1-2-5 %. & - ' - (2-1-2-5 Format Graphic Object . ' < - ' ' (= 8 "& &) E + /% 3 BC> = . r ; +FC = & % Q " '& + % ; +. & O ' - & ' . & 'Q" = . & . F C ' Properties %(@ (:# I :. 7 = ##b (3-1-2-5 r Format Arc . ' < - ' ' = /% 3 BC> = Q " '& + % ; +. & O ' - & ' . & 'Q" = . & . F C ' Properties %(@ YE . ; +FC = & % :. ##b (Text Lable)() D <1PL ' ! % . &, + 8 "& Q% G W ; E + /% 6 W. & 61 . & @ *- (2-2-5 . _1\ & ,' I - New Graphic %(@ F C 6 W N>% % < A . & Q " ' - (1-2-2-5 . r Format Text Label . ' < - ' ' _1\ & Q% 3 BC> = ; +FC = & % Q " '& + % / . & O ' - & ' . & 'Q" = . & . F C ' Properties %(@ (&3 @"$ 7 = ##b (Connections) 3b 2H (3-2-5 Db 3` B /% . + & = q' 9 U < 8 "& Q% / & W ? ' ;- b b6 ' 3` B . & ' W ; + & 3 #LW E ? = !% . % 8 "& Q% ' 9 ' ! . % 8 "& 62 < Y ,' E + /% New Connection %(@ F C 6 W. & I ' @ *- 6 W N>% % < A . & Q " J ! (1-3-2-5 %. & - ' - (2-3-2-5 . r Format Connection . ' < - ' ' E B Q% 3 BC> = FC = & % Q" '& + % EB . & O ' - & ' . & 'Q" = . &EB . F C ' Properties %(@ 7h 63 7 = ##b "% ' I . ' R & %& /% ,E B :Symbol . + 9 + E B /% = ;9 ( r ) 1 /% . + & ' W & > FC @ . vC> ' E B /% )& %(@ /% :Dimension + N %(@ /% . + @ O ' . )& Q E B ‚ D . +&= % ' E N Q% ,E B t 3` B /% . vC> ' E B t :Connection Type . + & % * E B 3 #LW I 9 ,3 #LW . ' /% , + & + F C % * E B ,;?4 . ' ' ' A ' :Node Type . vC> ' % * @ t %(@ + F C 3 #LW I 9 % . ' ,;?4 . ' ' ' A ' :Data Type . vC> ' 3 #LW t %(@ /% , + & . vC> ' E B /% = + E ) ~ + :Enabled When = E &' / & W ~ ? ' ' 8 "& @ "9 . N>% % < A % ' I . ' & , "C . '= % ' 4 & 6 W N>% % '' = 1 - < F (1-3-5 ' - DC& ' . ' t . Text Field Input Field Choice Box V 3 &P - 3 H L (3-5 % = "A u 8 "& Q% % n DC& /% r = . +. & ; + & DC& /% ' . r ! ' Parameters & DC& /% = % . & . . FC (Categories) J% ) t - W ' - DC& ' ;A 6 = W . ' Q% ' - ' (& ' ' ^4 % % I 64 & , < ' Q% (1-1-3-5 %. & FC ' New Category View|Parameters Bar %(@ Q" 1 €% W , +? < A. & , + . + vC> ' . ' <A. & & % €& V 1 % N% a ' . ' - ' (& ' - Q% D% ,O ' ' :Name ' /% = + E ) ~ + :Enabled When 3 ! ' O ' ! ' r ' ,View 1 '/& ' A' . E) *6 ' 6. &, + . Q" % ' Q% D& View Category ' *9 < A. & 65 L E (2-1-3-5 N '/ %- 1 % N% a ' . FC 3 % . = '_ 0O . &, + % @# ' Q% (3-1-3-5 N 2#N& D& . ;A 6 r '_ ' Order ` & & "- Q% ' Q% E b - / % - & "- Q% ' Q% E b - ;< /% ` & & ' Q% E b - ;< /% / % - & ' Q% E b 1 ' Q" *9 < A . & % . 3 ' - ' (& ' ' ^4 FC *9 < A. &Q " &, '' , N% a ' . 66 L E L#H - &% _ # > ' ' D% . (4-1-3-5 > . & D-= Preview %(@ 3 ' /% . &. 7 ##b 1 D% % ;& 4 Category Properties €% W = > 'Q" ' - ' (& ' ' ^4 Properties %(@ F C *9 < A. & 3 . (5-1-3-5 ' 3 BC> ,' I ' = %o- = ' - ' (& ' ' ^4 < i[6 = > €% W (Text Field) () ;9 I 9E N Q% J% ) % . ' = # & / = 9$ 6 (2-3-5 . ' ;9 , ' - DC& ;9 ;A 6 = . Q" 67 W & ,/ ># Y J " Q% = . &P , (6-1-3-5 ' Q% uo6 ' . & (&3 - 1 " /% ' & 8 "& (1-2-3-5 5 . & O ' ' New Control|Text 1 'Q" *9 < A . & (2-2-3-5 Text Field Properties . ' < - ,3 BC> /% ' r . & " . & % Q " '& O ' . ' . &, - /% = & ' . F C ' Properties %(@ (&3 . &. + Q" O ' & €& V . + . ' b = 1 % N% a ' . F C ' Field ># 7 = ##b % ' " 0 :Symbol . +&= "% . ' % + " ‡\ H5 = # & :Caption vC> ' = ' = + % ;& 4 u 6 ) • <* " E W :Width + + " ;9 ‚ D - ' W & :Default . . ' * . vC> ' . ' /% = + E ) ~ + :Enabled When %& /% . + vC> 68 FC & " ‡\ ,. ' " ‡\ ,. ' H 5 %(@ /% F C 3' A ' :Show Symbol . % ' D% %(@ /% F C 3' A ' :Show Caption . % ' D% & (Input Field) D7" %(@ /% . + & " 9$ 6 (3-3-5 8 "& Q% & . ' = # & # = ' s BC " /% . ' ' & ( = ( . ' Q% = # & ># Y ' ;9 , ' - DC& ;9 New Control|Input 1 ;A 6 = W & ,. ' " Q% = (1-3-3-5 5 . & . Q" . &P , 1 O ' ' Q" *9 < A. & 1 % N% a ' . F C ' Field (2-3-3-5 Input Field Properties . ' < - ,3 BC> /% ' r . & . & % Q " '& O ' . ' . & , - /% = & . F C ' Properties %(@ 'Q" O ' ># 7 . &. + . ' " J 69 = ##b % ' . ' " 0 :Symbol . +&= "% . ' . + % + . ' " ‡\ H5 = # & :Caption . vC> ' . ' ' = + % ;& 4 # ) • <* " E W :Width . vC> ' . ' t :Data Type = + + . ' " ;9 ‚ D - ' W & :Default . . ' * ' b . vC> ' . ' 6 :Units . vC> ' . ' )& :Dimension . vC> ' . ' /% = + E ) ~ + :Enabled When & €& V %& /% . + vC> <@ A 0 &. ' " ' " ‡\ ‡\ # .I & ,. ' ,. ' H 5 r %(@ /% F C 3' A ' :Show Symbol . % ' D% %(@ /% F C 3' A ' :Show Caption . % ' D% & . ' = %(@ /% F C & :Allow Variables . . ' . " 70 (Choice Box) ( Q% ;9 ' W + . ' (@ '' = ' I % &' . & ' = /% & C . ?)I % % 't ' . ' /% . E 8 "& . ! ! ( ;9 , ' - DC& ;9 ?)I Q% . & A 0 I*! D <D7" " (4-3-5 ;A 6 = W % % ' &C 3 ;*V & , &C Y ?)I Q% = ?)I Q% . & P , 1 . New Control|Choice . FC 1 'Q" (1-4-3-5 5 . & O ' ' ! &C 1 % N% a ' *9 < A. & ' New Control|Choice Box (Radio style) % Box (Drop style) (2-4-3-5 Choice Box Properties . ' < - ,3 BC> /% ' r . & ?)I . & % Q" '& O ' . ' . &, - /% = & 'Q" . F C ' Properties %(@ ( . &. + O ' &C J 71 3 ;*V < 7 = ##b % ' &C ?)I 0 :Symbol . +&= "% . ' . + % + & C ?)I ‡\ H5 = # & :Caption vC> ' . ' ' = + % ;& 4 u 6 ) • <* ?)I E W :Width . %(@ 0 O :Choices %% ' ! t / & F C :Style . vC> ' . ' /% = + E ) ~ + :Enabled When & €& V &C %& ?)I ‡\ ?)I ‡\ /% . + vC> ,. ' %(@ /% F C 3' A ' . %(@ /% F C 3' A ' . % ' ,. ' H 5 . FC 72 ' Dup - FC :Show Symbol % ' D% & :Show Caption D% & & C "A DC& .' & C ?)I Q% (3-4-3-5 ?)I /% N . * .' ,F C Q% = 5. & g 3 . FC 1 * ,F C D% % ;< , ' 4 = ' ‚ D - ' W & F C Q% , + 9 - ;*V & IY J %` & ?)I ' P < + ?1 #> = >% . + "- Q% ;& b Dn + + FC . @ & F C Q% 3 (I D% % . & % €& V D% % 4 . D% % / ?1 D"& b / & ,` & & "- Q% #, & Up Default . "< ' . # /% < + ?1 #> & %(@ ;< r . & . + E / %- & 1 * ' ‚ D - %(@ F C . & ‚ D - %(@ # => /% (" / L (4-5 % . + & 8 "& Q% J% ) _"4 b b6 ' 6 W N>% % >C& I "C . 14 DC& /% ' . vC> ' 8 "& Q% ' ' 1% !& . & ' &' . Q EMTDC 73 ' s9 *) . & ' I "C . 14 1% DC& ' ;& b . b* . ' 6 W . & Transformer 14 E K = # & . @ ' 4 14 /% # . + ; ;& ,E b ~ V9 6 W . & T-Line 14 . + & Branch Computations ,Fortran + G + Flyby Help ,Branch ,Fortran ,Computations 14 DC& /% ' Help & 14 /% ' ' > & 3 #LW . & . @ ' 4 ' + ' ( 14 b& . )I ' ( (Segments) Q% b b6 ' 14 /% . ' . 1 s9 I 6 W N>% % : Q% . & <EWPV (1-4-5 1% DC& ;9 / + . & "< E"8 < Y 14 Q% = 5 . &P . 1 1% DC& ' . P- . E) View|Script Bar . + H5 ' =% ' 1 , & ;A 6 = ' (& ' ' ' O ' Add New Segment ?)I) . %' > & ' Add FC (. 74 J (1-1-4-5 W & I ' (& ' -, O ' ' O ' ' E) 14 ;% 'A' %(@ F C 14 1 * 14 ' &' (2-1-4-5 14 Q% D & N '/%- 1 * , + % E"8 L E J" C . . 14 D% % = % . & + & + I 1% ' (& ' ' I View Segment E"8 < Y . 1% ' (& ' ' I `H 14 Q% = (3-1-4-5 8-. & <EWPV m 0 (2-4-5 Computation ' . + O<* ' ) . r '\ . ' b ;% (1-2-4-5 ?+ E W ' 14 /% ' + + % b 3 #LW E O<* ' ' r 9&= 14 /% b b6 (t=0 : % €& V 14 /% ' ' < RESULT_TYPE> < Name> = < Expression> , +& REAL & ‚ ' A ' . +& INTEGER REAL . +& &2. 75 <Resualt_Type> ' - . ' % & <Expression> 1-5 > n 14 & 9 &' E K ' W & . & ' ' SetPu ' b ' 4 Vbase & 0 1b kV 6 ' Vset ' b & & (Fortran) .' I + J% ) Vset Vbase % b . ' ;?4) ;% %-' b . . > %' $ . > - N" # 4 Branch @ DC& ' . ) @ b* = 9 , . %o- = 9 + 9+ R (2-2-4-5 % * EB /& vC> &' 14 /% ' 14 ' . @ ' 4 % = * \ + J% ) b = Branch . ' 4EB / & ' ] * E % ^& " ,(. a ' & ' % * . 0 1 /% M - 9 Branch 14 @ U& ' = # & 14 /% & EMTDC % * U& ' & &' . + : % €& V 14 /% ' ' [<Branchname> = ] <TO> <FROM> [<Keyword>] <R> [<L>] [<C>] 9+ +& @ DC& ' + J% ) % * 3` B <FROM> <TO> <L> . 0 R & 9+ ' I b ' b <R> . @ ' 4 ! / & O . +& ' . R & @ /& I = 9 P ' b _ &<C> . @ ' 4 ' 9+ = # & & C 3' ?# Q% [<Branchname> = ] = @' . N& ' 4 ' N% . DC& ' @ .I & 0 /% SOURCE ^? Q% [<Keyword>] . 9 + EMTDC . subroutine .' 1& . + & BREAKER / +' Q% % ' /% ' A ' . J% ) 14 /% ' 6 ' & ' RLC ' Q% = +& + ' B #3 . ' 4 0.0 = . I & = ' 2-5 > n v* 9 " 9 + Q% & . ,. @ /% . ' ' 4 N2 N1 % RC 9 + Q% = ' 8 "& Q% 9 G W * EB / & 9 + /% . J% ) ' , ' I . + J% ) @ DC& ' L?4 76 P ' b . 14 ' E K /% &. : + 1% % 9+ ' RLC = # & ' - DC& ' L?4 C R % b / ' 0 b 1 ' W & 0.001 H & & & ( J" : % €& V BRANCH + J% ) . ' " . + + DC& N% . * 6 /% ' . A # &. : + % 14 ' 9 + /% F C ! . & BRN2 ] * E BRANCH % ^& 14 ' 9 G WP 'O / BRN1 . = , + @ L?4 'V * 6 /% ' 1% < . [<Branchname> = ] <TO> <FROM> SOURCE <R> <L> <C> b& ' EBR E . ^? . ' 9 + Q% O ' 9 + 1 ' % . &. &' & EMTDC "9 r : % ' €& V /% J% ) . + J% ) E PSCAD = !# & ^? 3 BC> ;9 "- EBR(<Branchname>,<Subsystem>) = <Voltage_Expression> Q ' W & PSCAD U "- ' ' ] * I ' b subsystem ' + <Subsystem> % ' ' ?# <Voltage_Expression> . + J% ) . vC> 3-5 > n @ / & 9 + /% . 5 8-3 E K ' I 8 "& & ^? 9 + Q% . ' " Q% = # & ' RS &. b Q% ^? /% . @ : r % ; + & 8 "& /% . + J% ) 77 9 G W ' 4/ N1 ' - DC& ' . ' 14 ' AC /% . E ^? Q% . & * ;& 4 / / . ' EBR r ;& 4 DSOUT & ^? DSDYN ,Fortran : . + . /% ' ' b J% ) / N% >C& ' ( J% ) ( " t . N% . 9 + = /% THETA V % €& V . r Branch 14 ' : % €& V 9+ [<Branchname> = ] <TO> <FROM> BREAKER <Initial_Value> ' & * 3 O . & ! ' b /% . + & . + & 1.0 = . & _ " b ' b .' * ' b <Initial_Value> . ?+ ' . 2 ' Fortran . . /% ? J% ) = ! . & (3-2-4-5 J% ) ' 8 "& J% ) u ,= . "< 14 /% R & % & 14 /% ' + + % PSCAD Script % Fortran77 ' = . +& 5. + A ( Fortran 90 ' .' I ( I' 9 ^& 9 ^& 14 ' 1 % 0! ' "A 6 & & ~ V9 " ' Fortran . + + 4-5 > n @ + J% ) N% /% . D% : + ' Fortran ' ? < % E R ! DC& % E K & I 9 Type=0 v (t ) = V peak sin( 2 f t + ) 78 PHI FREQ & 2 Q% % b TWO_PI . +& : + + + . + 5 . @ . +& @ DC& ' % €& V 9 & Dc ' b Q% I 9 , + & Type=1 @ ' - DC& ' + J% ) . ' . ' - "& VPEAK I I 9 E B Q% VT 5 . + & EMTDC "9 PSCAD Script 14 /% ' % . EMTDC . Q % ' Fortran ? Fortran 14 & I DSDYN / & R & DSDYN (4-2-4-5 ?+ L & %& DSOUT + + . + 14 /% ' % . EMTDC . Q % ' Fortran 14 & I DSOUT / & 79 / ?+ L & %& 14 /% 1 % (5-2-4-5 14 /% 1 % Checks ' &' U 8 "& . . ' . + ;A 6 = (6-2-4-5 N 14 /% + Q\ + ' 4 + W ! % b = & E b) Help R & I' 9 14 ' , FC O ' ' Help (7-2-4-5 ;% Q% 9 &' + N Help 14 . ' 4 = ' + 6 W 8 "& Help = # & ' Html ' ;% 1/+ , % & .' ! = . & . Help %(@ 'Q" O ' 8 "& . & &' N = . % ' D% & I' 9 ;% /% 1 % 0! ;% /% )% . + & ] - ^? + - ' > % & Help ;% ;< +&. + -= ' %& b 4 .' I *.psc 1- & ] - ;% > . & - ' /% . & . + & + vC> PSCAD ' L? @' R' % & Help Html Browser " ' & Edit|WorkSpace Setting… 1 ' WorkSpace Setting . vC> ' @' ;< Comments ' 8 "& 6 W ' &' ' 9 3< 5 . + (8-2-4-5 14 /% ' 14 /% . 1% & O + % , .' % Help = # & % ? FlyBy .' /% I & &' . & ' + 6 W 8 "& & . . @ = 3` B 8 "& 6 W3 " Help 9 ' &' = : <8 "& 3 " ' &' / ;< > <Connection_Symbol_Name>: <` & ' + J% ) E B ' &' / ;< > 80 (9-2-4-5 14 /% FlyBy /% % ; + & DC& 5-5 > n , 1& % 8 "& . & FlyBy Q . +& + : + % =% ! Help Q% 9 & H 5 ( = 3` B . & / M 14 ' ' % . & O ' FlyBy @ ' 4 = 3` B % 8 "& . & R 81 @ ' + .' . ' @ E6 . + Transformer (10-2-4-5 . & / M . ' ;& b b* . P% % = * 6 W . & 14 /% 1 M - 0 .' % = * 6 W . &' U + J% ) . Subroutine Model-Data (11-2-4-5 & . ' 3 #LW % . & 14 . + T-Lines (12-2-4-5 .! & = # & @ DC& ' I % 82 * . E B J% ) . & 14 /% . + ;& E b ~ V9 Matrix-Fill (13-2-4-5 PSCAD U 4 P% Q% , + * ;% PSCAD ' ] - Q% N . "B N% % & @ 9+ + vC> P% /% ' . + % 14 U 9 + & ;B . @ & ~ & 3 #LW ! * 6 /% ' .' I N% . @ #LW . ' I P% /% ' , + J% ) (Segments) ' P% 14 /% . ' 3 #LW >C& bV P% /% ; * / & . + vC> N% % & ! ~ ? ' "9 . @ ;< Q ' O 83 2=. (6 PSCAD )* V + € b< , @ ' 4 ' & ' PSCAD ' ( U " 1 /% ! % " #. ?+ = ' ( /% . + & 3' 4 . 0 1 ' *' " #.' & . % =% > = bb< . & ' *' N *' C& & ' . & . Q " ' & Relays = % . & % ; + €& V + f/ N+ ! 6o =% I . + ?K .( + (1-6 (1-1-6 ; # =% I - = R ) < R & *' /% + X# & %I' b /* ' F(I) E N & *' 1 = I 9) ; # TSM , + 0 O 9 R 84 6 & % & 6 /% . ? < = t trip = TD t reset . +& kA ' '& . % PU '= *' /% ' . ^V4 = ' =% I 0O 6 . + & = 1 % *' . ' 1% V& ' 1-6 V& ' PSCAD A +B +K PSM p 1 (1-6 - tr = TD 1 PSM q % ' ' - /% 3 (I . + =% 3 H f/ '- -, Q" '& *' . & @ . f/ )+5S F B (X+ @ A 0 M. EP Data Entry Format Main EP Resettable? Main Explicit, Automatic_Standard Automatic_Company 2A & "7 Y *H D + N H( > )+5S Y+ 0 ()*+ .7 Set .7 '( DB 90 & N + ! E J (Q Q[ Pickup Current Main %N B 8 ^)H q E J (Q Q[ Time Dial Setting Main &9)) pA Z X* 2A (0 B Z Q N B -N + ! .9' &9' @ A 0 Na )+5S - 7AE J E J (Q Q[ - 7BE J E J (Q Q[ - 7KE J E J (Q Q[ - 7pE J E J (Q Q[ 7 Tr E J E J (Q Q[ 7qE J E J (Q Q[ 0 J 9[ " 7 - Trip Characteristic Constant (A) Trip Characteristic Constant (B) Trip Characteristic Constant (K) Trip Characteristic Constant (p) Reset Time (tr) Reset Exponent Component (q) .9' &9' @ A 0 Na )+5S 7 90 F m 0 Y *H W7 (+ +7 85 7 '( > *6( Explicit Data Entry Explicit Data Entry Explicit Data Entry Explicit Data Entry Explicit Data Entry Explicit Data Entry 7 '( > *6( Type of Curve Standard )< MA Y+ )< MA Y+ Automatic Data Entry Standard 2A TX' Y *H W7 (+ +7 Type of Characteristics .9' &9' @ A 0 Na )+5S &9)) 9 H Y *H W7 (+ +7 2A TX' Y *H W7 (+ +7 ( 9I B $ 6) ) 7 _ & +75 (x 7 W0 _ & +75 7 '( > *6( Type of Curve Standard Type of Characteristics (!" (Q Q[ Integrator Input (!" (Q Q[ Integrator Output T\ (W ^)H +" B) +" B T\ (W ^)H Automatic Data Entry Standard )< MA Y+ Automatic Data Entry Company Automatic Data Entry Company Internal Output Variables Internal Output Variables 1-6 E I @ + E_! 2)R (2-1-6 @ . v C> ' V9 ;< , * R & B # /% -1 + & = >' A ' 1 = I 9 + & = ;& b V9 . )I ' ( Help & > & 3 #LW . & . + N+ ! 6o D< I F CD ' R &. EB . #' # )+ ?+ Q% ' ! D% & ] - ;% + 0" OC.psc * 6 ' ?+ = % I % b / % u E K /% ' '- 0O P *' N ? < , ! …% . +& & = % I 5 *' J% ) & Q% "A C& . J% ) 9 + ' I itoc51 FC = . & 'Q" " &P . % 9 ] - . J% ) 9 + ' . % 1& < A . & O ' *' ,Creat Instances %(@ . 6 W % ; + €& V .' . OC.avi ( )< W< 1-6 > n &= 86 230 kV :U9 ] * A,B,C . R & E I). Xc=250MOhm Xl=10Ohm R=1Ohm :U9 ; P : U9 E W 1Km ;& b . b* / @ O ' & PI E :U9 E t 25MVar 100MW ' & " : ' & % b (. 1 .' t ' &) . 1 Q t '&: '&t & + ' !\ : + ) +. & *' N L,A,B,C . + / & : V9 t . + vC> R < O ' + > L# & *' ;< BC> . + & = % I 5 t *' /% : *' BC> t 0O W& E I & = % I 5 *' & ~ & V& ' (1-6 V& ' 1-6 A=0.14 B=0 K=0 P=0.02 87 • • • • ' *6 ' ' =% I % b ' 4 O ' . ;< ' ' . EB ?+ "6 EB ' P . . + % = & Q% ' ' & + % (Full Load) . # % ' V9 = % I ' b :EF ! H T V 1:1 . CT = # & . > @ O ' CT = % I . Q % & *' = % I E . O<* ' b *' /% % , + & RMS €& V ' O /% . & . 1% b + 0 O ' b & @ O Q =% I / . RMS ,0.05 & 2 & 88 2 X0 9)L - + N . ' ' '=% I 5 % ; + & 0 b 1 ' W & Ib . + ? < PS ' b 1 . *' /% ' *' 0 O ' (Pickup Current) . '=% I= # . + & Time Dial Setting ,TD = TSM ,PSCAD ' ' 4 ;& b 6 * B Vb V9 N - . = :( )< W< :A . ? < TSM=0.05 R & " #= . ' 4 A *' ;& b ' V9 I L = 0.25kA I f = 6.3kA I b = 1.2 I L I b = 0.3kA TSM A = 0.05 tA = 0.14 If TSM A 0.02 tA = 1 Ib 0.14 6.3 0.3 0.05 = 0.11 0.02 1 :B . = & ' B *' y ' 4 A *' ;& b ' V9 I L = 0.5kA I f = 6.3kA I b = 1.2 I L I b = 0.6kA t B = 0.5 + t A t B = 0.61 tB = 0.14 If Ib TSM B 0.02 0.61 = 1 . 0.14 6.3 0.6 TSM B 0.02 TSM B = 0.2 1 ? < '= 89 9 ;& b V9 . & B *' " #= I L = 0.5kA I f = 13kA I b = 1.2 I L I b = 0.6kA TSM B = 0.2 tB = 0.14 TSM B 0.02 If tB = 1 Ib 0.14 0.2 = 0.44 0.02 13 0.6 1 :C . = & ' C *' y ' 4 B *' ;& b ' V9 I L = 0.75kA I f = 13kA I b = 1 .2 I L I b = 0.9kA t C = t B + 0 .5 t C = 0.94 tC = 0.14 If 0.94 = 0.14 1 13 0 .9 *' ;& b V9 . & C *' )4 " #= Ib B TSM C 0.02 tC = 0.14 If Ib E I TSM C 0.02 tC = 1 '- -Q & TSM C 0.02 1 ,' 0.14 13 0.9 TSM C = 0.4 0.4 0.02 % b & TSM = . @;* & ? < '& ' t C = 1.03 1 + ? < % b . + % ; + €& V 90 & ' A *' . '-E6 . 0 O 1-6 *' 0 O E K = # & FC ' *' ' Internal output variables " # ' 4 O ' ', *' . '- . ?+ { ;?4 . 8- ' . " ;9 3 % < . ;< ' ' V9 *' " # D% . & = . > `0 P+7 D < (1-3-1-6 R . . ' , V9 v C> . & + & P 1% t *' /% ' 1 = I 9 , N& ' 4 0 O 6 ;9 @ , Q\ ' X . + A 3' B % { % b 1 % I ;& 4 . +& % - %0 R & X R 6 . + & 6 Q% . ' ' - /% 3 (I . + = % '-, Q" '& *' . & @ . / O % ' 3 5 (3-1-6 H f/ f/ 3 2 A m 0 &9)) pA E J 91 M. EP Enter Coordinates of the Centre As Configuration (Q Q[ Radius of the Mho Circle Configuration _ & +7 _ & + 7 m *' + &9' @ A 0 Enter Coordinates of the Centre As | (X,Y) )+5S 7 '( > *6( )< MA Y+ .9' T\ 8 ^)H X (R) & +75 E J (Q Q[ E J (Q Q[ _ T\ 8 ^)H Y (X) & +75 _ X Coordinate of the Centre X Coordinate of the Centre &9' @ A 0 Enter Coordinates of the Centre As | (Z,theta) )+5S X-Y Coordinates of the Centre X-Y Coordinates of the Centre 7 '( > *6( )< MA Y+ .9' ( 9I B $ 6) ) 7 _ & +75 (x 7 W0 _ & +75 E J (Q Q[ Z Coordinate of the E J (Q Q[ T\ (W ^)H +" B) +" B T\ (W ^)H Theta Coordinate of the Centre (2-3-1-6 R . . ' , V9 v C> . & + & P 1% t *' /% ' 1 = I 9 , N& ' 4 0 O 6 ;9 @ , Q\ ' X . + A 3' B % { % b 1 % I ;& 4 . +& % - %0 R & X R 6 . + & 6 Q% . ' ' - /% 3 (I . + = % '-, Q" '& *' . & @ . j/I O % ' 7 m 0 m o 7 9*H &9)) pA D7" " m 0 E J e\ E J (Q Q[ [ 0 &9)) 7"9\ m o Y (X) " X (R) 3 2 A .9) ( pA (W ^)H [0 % ' $ + D7" " ' No of Points in the Polygon Main Data X and Y Data Points No of Points in the Polygon (3-3-1-6 R . . ' , V9 v C> . & + & P 1% t *' /% ' 1 = I 9 , N& ' 4 0 O 6 ;9 @ , Q\ ' X . + A 3' B % { % b 1 % I ;& 4 . +& % - %0 R & X R 6 . + & 6 Q% . ' ' - /% 3 (I . + = % '-, Q" '& *' . & @ . &+ O Z-Theta Coordinates of the Centre Z-Theta Coordinates of the Centre Centre 92 = + 7 5 m 0 D7" " m 0 D7" " ' EP Coordinates of the centres Configuration E J (Q Q[ Configuration E J (Q Q[ E J (Q Q[ E J (Q Q[ E J (Q Q[ Radius of the circles C1 C2 X-Y Coordinate of the Centre Z - Theta Coordinate of the Centre X-Y Coordinate of the Centre Z - Theta Coordinate of the Centre 3 2 A m 0 &9)) pA _ & +7 5) D <& + 7 m *' X ZF & +75 32A Y ZF & +75 32A (I-V 3 2 A X ZF & +75 32A Y ZF & +75 32A (I-V 3 2 A % ' 3 H f/ 3 2 A m 0 &9)) pA 5) D <& + 7 m *' & +75 32A EP 32A & +75 32A & +75 32A + M. Coordinates of the centres Configuration Radius of the circles C1 C2 Configuration E J (Q Q[ Coordinates of Circle C1 E J (Q Q[ E J (Q Q[ E J (Q Q[ X-Y Coordinate of the Centre Z - Theta Coordinate of the Centre X-Y Coordinate of the Centre Z - Theta Coordinate of the Centre XY ZF Coordinates of Circle C2 (Q Q[ (I-V 3 2 A ZF Coordinates of Circle C2 E J XY & +75 = f/ _ & +75 ZF Coordinates of Circle C1 (4-3-1-6 R . . ' , V9 v C> . & + & P 1% t *' /% { ' 1 = I 9 , N& ' 4 0 O 6 ;9 @ , Q\ ' X . + A 3' B % I ;& 4 . +& %- % 0 R & X R 6 . + & 6 Q% . ' O % b 1% ' - /% 3 (I . + = % '-, Q" '& *' . & @ . :. (;# ZF Coordinates of Circle C1 (I-V 3 2 A 93 Coordinates of Circle C1 Coordinates of Circle C2 Coordinates of Circle C2 (Out of Step) N H N F 0 p A H D < (4-1-6 = = ;& b ' * ) P 1% . *' ? + " # . @ "I . & *' /% /% ' ?# = *' t /% 3' 4 0 1 ' = = = I & 3' A ' . + 9 = /% 'A' , @ ' 6 5 . b"6 -3 B C < A . & - 3 ; # *' * 6 /% ' . @ O ' = = = # & , + & @'(& + / ) = . + )I ' ( Help & > & 3 #LW . & . N HN F 0p A H 5) 2A N HN F 0p A H _ 2A N HN F 0p A H g S _L . ;% ? A , ?K 2A * ( H $ 6 (5-1-6 &' B # /% 2)R D <D7" " a a 94 % :|A| • :l_A • b b :|B| :l_B :|C| :l_C % c c % ' ' - /% 3 (I . + 3 =% '- H f/ -, Q " '& W7 D <9[ " @ A 0 W7 (+ +7 ' b B # /% . + 6 W P 1% . ' 4 9. I 9' 'R X % b R X = I 9. . = * . & @ . Configuration Output Phase Angles are in Configuration IF \ *' U . @ . @ '/ + + = . & )R (6-1-6 . & A # /% ' U9 & U9 / (1-6-1-6 & U9 P ' b B # /% ? < . & . V& ' :k# ' l . +& • Input Phase Angles are in `0 9O . • M. (+ +7 P • f/ D7" " D <9[ " @ A 0 (!" % • m #I F' 2)R D <D7" " ] * ] * % =% I =% I % A * =% I A * =% I % 95 :VM :VP :IM :IP • • • • :I0M • :I0P • % ' ' - /% 3 (I . + 3 KE J =% '- H f/ E J D (0 B 39 R "X lS E [ Y 6 S ^0 . 7 7( 0 E J 3 IF \ M. Main Data (Q Q[ Initialization Time Initialization Output R During Initialization Output X During nitialization Initialization ^\ < 7 R 9Q (!" (Q Q[ ^\ < 7 X 9Q (!" (Q Q[ R X = I 9. . Main Data Initialization (2-6-1-6 . @ ' U9 & U9 P ' b B # /% + + = . & ? < . & . V& ' ?M . +& = * . & @ . K Constant for Ground Impedance Phase Angles are Given In (Q Q[ EP E J Q " '& f/ <9[ " @ A 0 7 N"9 8 P F -, ?M l m #I F' 2)R D <D7" " a ] * :VM1 a ] * % :VP1 a =% I :IM1 a = % I % :IP1 b ] * :VM2 b :VP2 :IM2 :IP2 ] * % b =% I b =% I % 96 • • • • • • • • % ' ' - /% 3 (I . + 3 =% H f/ "X (0 B 39 -, Q " '& = * . & @ . f/ <9[ " @ A 0 N"9 8 P F '- M. Phase Angles are Given In Main Data (Q Q[ Initialization Time Initialization Output R During Initialization Output X During nitialization Initialization EP E J lS E [ Y 6 S ^0 7 0 E J 3 IF \ D R .7 7( ^\ < 7 R 9Q (!" (Q Q[ ^\ < 7 X 9Q (!" (Q Q[ _ Q% . & ! BC> & P 1% 2A D <zone 8 ^)H 2-6 > n `0 P+7 . I F *' Q% E Zone . . Initialization CD & ] - ;% ' diff.psc ' - 0 O u E K /% ' . +& # )+ ?+ 6 W % ; + €& V .' 230 kV :U9 ] * Xc=250MOhm Xl=10Ohm R=1Ohm :U9 ; P : U9 E W 1Km ;& b . b* / @ O ' & PI E :U9 E t 25MVar 100MW ' & " : ' & % b (. 1 .' t ' &) . 1 Q t '&: '&t & ' & R & !\ :' &R & ) L,A,B,C . + vC> ; + . & *' ;< - 97 + 9 = * Q% ,U9 J" C . = . ' .' o@ V9 = % . & + F = @ 1% U 4 . r U9 . ' ' . + & & & U9 P E B ;< = ; & Center u W ' : . + P 1% ' & R ' *' . . ' / % b Rt L . & - "A C& ' 8 "& /% : %' 8 "& • . =% I ] * % = I. & CSMF DC& ' I . ' % . = * L 98 r & r A , ?K * & ABC * ;% ? 8 "& • / P U9 & U9 P " # X# & + & % , Q t V9 99 . @ 8 "& . @ 8 "& P 1% *' ' A ' :OR Q% . + *' • • • • ,/ P . @ 8 "& 9 Zone . & P 1% *' Q& b b6 ' . ' U9 & U9 P . @ 8 "& :EF ! H T V 0O & ' * '- -' . = * X0 9)L " ' ( I' % /% ') % '- t . +& + C N% % & + . + 0 O = % ' R & *' /% ' ! % % 2 > @ O ' PT CT = % I . + 1:1 . PT CT = # 100 :>" Zone 8 . 0O ^)H D < I' 45 IF \ . & ' *' % . % €& V P 1% *' . '- ? < Z L1 = R + j (2 f L ) = 1 + j10 = 10.05 84.28 Z 1 = 0.8 (10.05 84.28) = 8.04 84.28 Z 1 = 0.8 Z L1 Zone1 Z r1 = Z1 Cos ( ) 1 Z r1 = 8.04 Cos (84.28 45) = 10.387 : ‚ &) . 8 ^)H 6 W ' BC> ; + & , ! BC> & *' " # < 0O . & '< ( & BC> = & R ( I' 45 0 O % X Z r1 R 1-6 ; + : 0O *' . 101 '- -' ' + ? < . '- 0 O Z,theta . & ' % . ' t / ) 1-6 ; + & I & ' ! *' % t )+ . . r= 10.387 = 5.19 2 . r= t 0 O (0.785 rad) I' 45 . & ' BC> ( . vC> ' < ( ' ! % ( % "A - 10.387 = 5.19 2 ;< r & . . { ' . > ?+ *' . '- 0O V9 & ?1 ' *' ; )* P # T P0 . +& b R%& &_ + 102 .' ; 1 % +7 PEB (7-1-6 *' Q% *' t /% 0 O "5 = % I :IS1 R % & 0 O / % - A' :K1 0 O R % & = % I :IS2 R % & 0 O .` & A' :K2 - 2)R D <D7" " ?+ ' *' u W Q% ' = % I :I1M ?+ ' *' u W Q% ' = % I % :I1P ?+ ' *' N% u W ' = % I :I2M ?+ ' *' N% u W ' = % I % :I2P • • • • CASE1 : I bias p I s 2 If I diff f K 1 I bias + I s1 ThenTrip (2-6 - CASE 2 : I bias I s2 If I diff f K 2 I bias ( K 2 K1) I s 2 + I s1 ThenTrip + & ' 4 & 2-6 V& ' U% + V9 = 4&= % ' ' - /% 3 (I . + =% '- 103 % -, + 1 4 I 9 . + & Hold Time `W Q" '& *' . & @ . 3 H f/ f/ Input Angles are Given In Differential Current Threshold Lower Percentage Bias Setting Bias Current Threshold Setting Higher percentage bias setting Hold Time Main (!" (Q Q[ Differential current (!" (Q Q[ Internal Output Variables Internal Output Variables <9[ " @ A 0 Is1 N E J (Q Q[ J E J (Q Q[ + ! E J (Q Q[ J E J (Q Q[ ^0N B E J (Q Q[ Is2 N K2 E B N)W D EP + ! K1 E M. Main Main Main Main Main &9)) TWR N + ! (!" (($o H) Z + N + ! (!" T P0 . + < ' = > ; )* P # + % < +7 I F E B ;& b ' q' 9 . V9 & Bias current cF H ) ' #+ Er [ 3-6 > n CD diff.psc & ] - ;% + Q% : 6 u E K /% ' ?1 + & ' 4 % & *' . . . 6 W % ; + €& V .' ' 230 kV :U9 ] * Xc=250MOhm Xl=10Ohm R=1Ohm :U9 1Km 104 ; P : U9 E W - . ;& b . b* / @ O ' & PI E :U9 E t 25MVar 100MW ' & " : ' & % b (. 1 .' t ' &) . 1 Q t '&: '&t & + !\ : + ) O ' B + : 6 L,A,B,C / & : V9 t B + . & *' ;< :EF ! H T V 1:1 . CT = # & . > @ O ' CT = % I 2 X0 9)L - . + ' O /% . & . + & Q% ] * % % & *' = % I E N . ' . % @ I ' W & ' E N Q% = * Q% . ' /% . & %' 8 "& Q% = % ; + €& V /% , *' U V& ' Case1 Idiff ? < 9E ;?4 + ' 4 -1 ' F 5 8 "& . + 0 N% % = % I < ' *' 0 O .' W ' . % €& V *' /% 0 O . . 105 '- = ; # 2-6 - + < ;9 ' & Q% ' V9 . . > ' { '. ?+ ,3 O . & ' *' ; )* P # 3 r P' 4 = q' 9 ' & Q% e C &Q (2-6 : <Ct (1-2-6 Z >9 JA >9 N+ ! JA >9 :(CVT)(0B 106 H P0 H T "7 ($o H ? " H P0 H (2-2-6 235 (7 PSCAD oV I & = . & = /% . + ' 2 ' + C1 ' ' & / * PSCAD ' 1% = & . " . -. >&. "& 4 u V) % I . Component 9 R & + + + Fortran ' & ;% ? / > - % Q% ' PSCAD ' b 1 ;% ;?4 . + Fortran ] - ;% ' , W + . ' (@ ,t ^& . ' 9 % 8 "& = /% " & . => ' . ; )* P # 3 . . ' ;& b ' +& . ' 9 6 W )% '† 0 - ;B & N N ~ ? ' 5 6 ;B , + @ ( L?4 ' V . + )* V DC& 8 "& Q% 9 & t + ;?4 + ! > - . ' 8 "& & 1% a ' ;B /% ' ' & ' DC& ' E K Q% & PSCAD ' . @ ' 4 (THE PRE-PROCESSOR) k#=#H & 0 (1-7 . EMTDC . Q % . & 0 b 1 ' W & = ' Fortran ' 14 ' % ) + ! > - * (. + + DSOUT DSDYN ,Fortran . a' / I 8 "& ' ' * 6 /% ' % , + PSCAD 1% . + "% ;b 1 ' 4 &' ,PSCAD 1% a ' Fortran ' . ? 3' A ' 3' A ' . 1& ' 8 "& ) < & 9 C . Subroutine ^& = . 9 8 "& ;9 ' Fortran . ! = 8 "& J% ) . (Operators) e>EQ (2-7 >C& ' ' I PSCAD ' N" # I ' 1 % ^& I ' > N" # /% Substitution Prefix: $ - 107 Expression Braces: { } Comment Indicator: ! $ (Substitution Prefix Operator) ()+5 + ! D90 - $WR (1-2-7 " Q% ;& b ' 'A' . - ' 1& PSCAD ' $ '` L# . + J% ) D r Q% = ;& b " + I '( ,T-Lines ,Model-Data ,Branch ,DSOUT ,DSDYN ,Fortran . 14 ' = % J% ) . & N" # /% 1 % I ;& 4 . Matrix-Fill ,Transfomers . '' & % . r 3` B . ' . '- 14 ' + J% ) r Computations , N& ' 4 N" # /% 1-7 > n . ' = @' = # & P Q% ' I' 9 ^& Q% &' U + 6 W 8 "& & O ' 8 "& J% ) ' - DC& ' P '- . 9 ' F ' 4 = ' ^& /% I 9 ' b ' I OUT & I 9 E B Q% . ' I : + % ?+ O ' . @ {}(Expression Braces(s (H IR D <7b a (2-2-7 . & = = ,. ' . +& + I W + . ' o@ R 8 "& Q% J% ) . DC& & r Q% J% ) % Q% = ' ` /% 5 , 5 %' U& ' . + ' &' &2 % b . & ! ` /% , ' I Q% '&2 % b ) . +& &2 % b %& = ' r 14 ' % & 2 "< . & 2 . + Computations 2-7 > n , +& N" # /% 108 &' = => . & % EK #Case . & U9 . . + % , ` N\ => % FType ' b ~ + & ^& Q% . ' = @' ; & 2 Q% F 5 ' v C> . & ' ?# . ` N\ = > N% E K ,( @ DC& ' E B Q%) + J% ) D r Q% + J% ) D ( > 1 & & & F 5 @) . + . +& ' ?# . ` [ "& "A 6 I ! (Comment Indicator) e => L# /% . . + I ;% o H H X+90 (3-2-7 8 "& Q% J% ) . DC& " ' = '' %? 3< 5 "& . U9 Q% % /% 3-7 > n + = 8 "& & V9 % ' &' H 5 & 14 " ' N" # /% . &' + ~ V9 / & "A . 109 N 3 < 5 /% % = N% &' . + & ;& 4 Branch 14 /% Fortran . + "A % , (Directives) /#3 9 = . & . . ' A 9 &' + { # >- & > >. # / + ' u V) % . &. (3 - 7 % % % )& ;?4 #STORAGE (1-3-7 . Q %&. % & ' 8 "& 9† = * \ . + => ' PSCAD '( 3 C1 ' ' & / * % /% 1% % /% u . ' @ Fortran 90 . )& . + s B 9 s 9 8 "& Q% . & % 'W & @ )% . ' EMTDC STORx "9 . r & % ( ~ ? ' #STORAGE b b6 ' + X# & % /% , + 8 "& Q% ' EMTDC STORx "9 . r O ' 8 "& & + sB 9 .n . +&_ )& . ' PSCAD U #STORAGE <TYPE>:<Number> LOGICAL ,INTEGER ,REAL . + STORx ; + 9† . .A # r ) t <Number> % . +& <Type> COMPLEX 4-7 > n INTEGER B # # 4 ,REAL B # % .n sB 9 9 # 10 /% / + ' . + & . & & Q% ( !& * . +& + I 3' ?# ' = t "- ' % & => % &' . + 9† LOGICAL B # #1 . ;A 6 = W PSCAD U N& ' 4 1 `, +? . %I r ' 3' ?# /% # & 'A #LOCAL (2-3-7 , ' @ , + ' 4 J% ) D - RL ' . + : DSOUT DSDYN "< . r J% ) . & % /% r /% . + ' $ L# = & ' ,Fortran . 14 ' #LOCAL : % ; + &= /+ #LOCAL <TYPE> <Name> <Array_Size> 110 . "< "< r r <Name> ' A' . . + & LOGICAL INTEGER ,REAL <Type> vC> ' % ' H <A # Q% <Array_Size> . + ' * 9 <Array_Size> . )& Q 5-7 > n ! Subroutine = @' = # & ' "< r & &' % EK ' "< H <A r ,( + J% ) D - r Q% = # &) A ~ + & W + ' (@ R . + ' b Subroutine 9 ;?4 Error b b6 "< % ' . & X #FUNCTION (3-3-7 ' @ . + = >@ & = @' t ^& Q% ' n6 L# . & % /% /% . 1 (* #FUNCTION % , + 9 ^& Q% 8 "& Q% J% ) ;9 % €& V = ' + DSOUT DSDYN ,Fortran . 14 ' % : #FUNCTION <TYPE> <Name> <Description> ' ' ^& <Name> . + & LOGICAL U9 . & ' H 5 Q% = # & EMTDC INTEGER ,REAL <5 <Type> <Description> . @ O ' Fortran 6-7 > n 111 E ' . & ' LIMIT UL ,LL . r & b b6 ^& Q% PSCAD "A C& ' Hard Limiter 8 "& & I' 9 E B Q% & I 9 E N I ). 9 O (. + & + J% ) D 14 ' 8 "& /% & ~ & % , Fortran I #SUBROUTINE (4-3-7 . + 8 "& ' + 9 ' % /% . + !>-= % €& V = / + ' . Subroutine ' &' < 5 ' . & % /% E 6 / # ' 1 .' ?I % /% 14 ' = DSOUT DSDYN ,Fortran . , #SUBROUTINE <Name> <Description> <5 <Description> . @ O ' ' ' Subroutine <Name> U9 . & ' H 5 Q% = # & EMTDC Fortran 7-7 > n H5 ;% . 9 8 "& . ' SUB1 & Subroutine Q% &' 9 & Subroutine /% . & ( ;9 5 . + J% ) D - . r Z Y ,X #OUTPUT (5-3-7 = ' . & +''O & PSCAD ' ( 112 3 ' + C1 ' ' & / * % /% . + ' 8 "& Q% "9 . r P . , J% ) 14 ' = , + ' R & r & : ' % /% . ?1 = & ' % €& V = / + ' . ' #OUTPUT : Expression DSOUT ' + ' ' b DSDYN ,Fortran #OUTPUT <TYPE> <Name> <Array_Size> {<Expression>} . Q . + & LOGICAL INTEGER ,REAL <Type> r @ . vC> ' O ' % ' )& H <A # Q% <Array_Size> 9† ;< , 5 %' 3' ?# Q% <Expresssion> . + ' * 9 DC& /% , + & . )& . + & r Q% %) + ' r <Name> 8-7 > n a ' /% . ) % 1*. ' I I 9 r Q% J% ) . & # . a' , => ' #TRANSFORMERS (6-3-7 . + 5 ' ' 1 & ' % /% . E ' , %& . & ;& b . b* . ' % E ( + Fortran 90 + ' ;& b . b* A # N "A C& ' % /% % . E b U9 PI . E : E ? ' "A u #TRANSFORMERS " * ' +/ ) . & +' N ). 1 % ; + & )& / ) 113 . + R' ;& b . b* . • - 0 . = % I . & > . ' + U P M - 0 =% I . @ EMTDC CDCTR(M,N) P% /% . V . + => N = . = =% I = > M P% . 1 ) 14 ' % /% , % €& V = ' + Transformers #TRANSFORMERS <Number> . O ' 8 "& ' I . ' 1 ) <Number> 9-7 > n Q ' ' 1 "A C& ' I , •-0 % ; + &= . ' % . ' 1 +; > #WINDINGS (7-3-7 u V) = & ` & . & 4.02 C1 ' ' & / * % /% . + ' ' ' 1 ' ;& b . N& ' 4 ' ;& b . b* • - 0 . % ) . & % /% / ) #WINDINGS ;& b + + #R & '•-0 ) K 6 & PSCAD . ' 4 (.map) MAP ;% ' 14 ' ' % /% , % €& V = ' + Transformers . b* . • - 0 >& ) #WINDINGS <Number> vC> ' O ' 8 "& ' I ;& b . b* . • - 0 ) K 6 <Number> . 10-7 > n 3-phase, 2-winding classical , Q% % ; + & , ' ' 4 "A Q . ' ' 1 Q% C& . ' ' 1 DC& ' 114 % transformer #IF, #ELSEIF, #ELSE, #ENDIF = + 7 (8-3-7 A 9 t #IF, #ELSEIF, #ELSE, #ENDIF . % . % &' . & = + ;% ;?4 ' U% + 9 & = + Q\ ' 4 r ' ' 8 "& Q% % * 3 BC> % /% . ; # EMTDC 0 1 ' Fortran ' THEN-ELSE % ! ' . 1 ;& 4 14 " ' ' % /% 1 IF- D< % % : #IF <Logic> ...Application_Code... #ELSEIF <Logic> #IF <Logic> ...Application_Code... #ELSE ...Application_Code... #ENDIF #ELSE <Logic> ...Application_Code... #ENDIF W + ' o@ Q% @ IF-THEN: % &= = +& #IF <Logic> {<Expression>} <Logic> . . +& + # bV . J%' ) N" # R & bV 3' ?# Q% <Expression> 11-7 > n r Cosine 9 ' b Sine &' @ ). + / & ' ' ] E N Q% I 9 + & @ 9 &' ' - DC& ' . ' I Type & Choice Box Q% 8 "& . I 9 + 1 '- ' b @ P . FC ' I 9 t (. + 1 I 9 +0 '- 115 , . +& % @ DC& ' DSOUT DSDYN ,Fortran . I 9 E B Q% OUT + J% ) D , +& % ; + & ' ?# . ` 14 ' = r Q% F &`& 12-7 > n /% . + & = 9 % @ b* , ' - /% . ' Type ' I . #. ' b Q% 9 % * 8 "& Q% &' . ' ' - Q% 8 "& & ' - DC& ' Choice Box t . >& = 9 % @ b* J b = # & _ & 3 % 2 ,1 . + ' ' = * /% % b 14 ' E K /% , % Branch 116 . 1 , + = N = /% > & . + r J" C . U9 ' W + ' (@ Q% . ' "% & ' . )& U9 & + & + P- W + . ' (@ . & ;B ( r N% ~ L# & % /% . ' 9 @ DC& ' % ' ?# . ` *. @ N2 N1 & '`& ~ ?M F & e>EQ (4-7 U9 \ & Q% / 1 + . & N" # /% ' b % % + & ` W ' 1& U9 (#CASE % ). +& % & ' U9 /% Q ' W & PSCAD V9 N % N" # /% " # - , + & + t + ~ L# & 'A . + ~ +E # 13-7 > n , + % 0 1% & ' & ~ N" # & '10-7 E K @ N% % & U9 = ?1\ ~ + Q\ % P- , + 2 & & & Type ' b @ , + % & ;% ? "% & ' ;?4 , + 9 Fortran 117 #IF, #ELSEIF, . ) + . +& + . % % . I & ~ V9 = N #CASE I HV Q% ' N% % #CASE (R . /#3 (5-7 . & b b6 ' % /% % . + #ELSE, #ENDIF >- #IF, #ELSEIF, #ELSE, #ENDIF #CASE <Expression> {<Clause_0>} {<Clause_1>} ... % 5 %' 3' ?# Q% J" C % b Q% * ' n 0 / & . # I 9 Q% % & <Expression> vC> <Clause_n> . + & + J% ) r Q% . & 4 \ Expression 14-7 > n ' I . = + . & % I a ' , % @ & 12-7 E K , + % €& V = . #CASE . 10-7 E K & ' & % , E K /% Type N& 1 % 0 . ' b 4 15-7 > n 14 ' #CASE % "A C& ' I •-0 ' , Lead 1 %0 YD1 . 1 . ' . '. + ' 4 & U% + Q% + vC> r 118 + Lead ' 1 ' Transfomers YD1 % ' /% F 5 . + & 2 % 1 ( I ( ,& -( "6 -(J 7 ;Q #> oV ) 7 ;Q ( ' (6-7 ' ( ' 5 %' 3 ' ?# . < ) PSCAD , bV & 16 t 3 ' ?# & L# . 14 ' K 5 %' 3 ' ?# 3' ?# * 6 ' + Fortran Computations . @' 4 ' 8 "& J% ) ; ' bV & 16 (o + 3 IR (1-6-7 . } -. & % . ' . E N : ,. ' . = > ' PSCAD ' '- . & I o K#J/ SIN(x) Sine function COS(x) Cosine function TAN(x) Tangent function ASIN(x) Inverse sine function ACOS(x) Inverse cosine function ATAN(x) Inverse tangent function SINH(x) Hyperbolic sine function COSH(x) Hyperbolic cosine function TANH(x) Hyperbolic tangent function LOG(x) Natural logarithm EXP(x) Exponential LOG10(x) SQRT(x) ABS(x) 5 %' ^& Base 10 logarithm Square root Absolute value REAL(x) Real part of complex number IMAG(x) Imaginary part of complex number 119 " 5 %' 3 ? < . @ ! 1* % E I MOD(x) NORM(x) MOD function Norm of complex number (x2 + y2) CEIL(x) Rounds fraction to next upper integer FLOOR(x) Rounds fraction to next lower integer ROUND(x) INT(x) FRAC(x) RAND(x) Adds 0.5 to a REAL value and then performs an INT function (i.e. ROUND(X) = INT(X+0.5)). Do not use with negative numbers Removes fractional part of REAL value (right side of decimal) Removes integer part of REAL value (left side of decimal) Random value between 0 and x P2RX(m,q) Polar to rectangular conversion (q in degrees) P2RY(m,q) Polar to rectangular conversion (q in degrees) R2PM(x,y) Rectangular to polar conversion R2PA(x,y) Rectangular to polar conversion ( P[ D < $WR (2-6-7 ' K N" # /% . . @ ' 4 => ' ' PSCAD ' DSOUT & 16 . N" # " % 1 * 14 DSDYN ,Computation ,Fortran . o I K#J/ + UW! - v+ H * @ o / 8 PQH % &90 (V ** N H \ DB (xy) / (x +y) 120 (Q-) D < $WR (3-6-7 ` ) Check = > ' PSCAD ' I bV . N" # " % % N" # ,#IF, #ELSEIF, #ELSE, #ENDIF . . @ ' 4 N" # /% . 14 ' @ o 1* & ' K#J/ == != D" P 0 B S5 <= D" P " XL >= D" P " S5 || + && " 16-7 > n , Q% ' N" # 121 . & ^ I E K Q% % E K #IF, #ELSEIF, #ELSE, Q% ' ' "C = ( & N" # /% / + ' Ternary I e>EQ (7-7 #ENDIF 3 ' ?# = . & N% a ' ( N" # /% U% + . & r % &' . & ' = /% . + & . J A U9 . ;& 4 Computations 14 ' ! N" # /% : % ; + <Logic> ? <Value_if_True> : <Value_if_False> <Value_if_True> . bV . N" # . + & 5 %' 3' ?# Q% % & bV & 2 ' b Q% 3' ?# Q% <Logic> <Value_if_False> 17-7 > n ' b @ . . 9 &' ?1 X & ' b b6 ' b Q% Computations 14 ' 5 %' 3' ?# Q% * K /% . + 1 & & & X ' b N , + & 3 % 2 . ' . & 2 Q% V + J% ) D - 18-7 > n N . ?1 5 %' 3' ?# Q% U Torq 9 &' & Computations DC& ' ' b b6 ' b Q% r /% ' b , + & r E 6 ' U% + & 3' ?# /% = * Q% . + J% ) , + % ; + & /% @ N" # & . 1 + J% ) D - . 122 & 2 Tm Te ,X %' 23= (8 Debugging ( @#Q % = ' I . + ' Q% . DC& /% C % ] - Q% I & . "I , + 9 . N& ' + % I ! ;B ;6 + E ) . ' V9 } - D% . & I 9E . 9 % 1 . ' I 6 W ;% V9 K . | & 3L > = ;6 4 \ & ] - Q% % . + & N ' ' V9 V9 9& = I & ; * DC& /% ' . @ ' 4 '& (V M ,M F W&H (1-8 tLW + & PSCAD ' V9 /% ' & ;% % * 6 /% ' + .' • ?+ (V M F W&H /E* #H (2-8 D% I 9 -' % I& V9 ' V9 . - . % ) - /% .' 1& . + + 8 "& Q% ! % EMTDC ,PSCAD - /% . % I &, +& + 9 € 4 & ] 'A : % G + &E ) . 9& Warning: Suspicious isolated node detected 123 ` ) . - % I & N ' V9 /% * E B Q% PSCAD . + ? ;B ( \ • & % * @ Q% % I& N 6 ' |'(& ' 1& b Q% "[1 /% ;6 . & . ! > - a ' / n ' . # .' % - a ' /% . @ ;B / . ' o@ & % @ /% / & 1MOhm } - & . % 2 % Parser: Suspicious substitution of empty key ‘<name>’ ' *9 . ' Q% PSCAD % I & N ' V9 /% 8 "& Q% +& +a ' ' 1 % ^? Q% . + + o@ * 9 Fortran Comment . O ' 4 ` ) ' V9 /% . &. ' 'N . ' <name> Signal ‘<name>’ type conversion may lose accuracy ' b b6 E N Q% PSCAD % I & N ' V9 /% H <A . ' Q% & ' b /% % ( & ' b b6 E N ' W & PSCAD . /% Q . , = ' + * ^? /% \ U + J% ) r E N /% Q% & % Q% & * ^& ' 8 "& Q% <Source_2> -, . O ' E N + ;% ? H <A <name> Signal ‘<name>’ source contention Q% PSCAD N V9 /% <Source_1> N ` ) V9 /% . . +& + O ' E N <name> . 1 8 > Signal ‘<name>’ dimension mismatch Q% PSCAD % I & N V9 /% <dim_1> vC> )& & E N D - N ` ) V9 /% . - ' . )& E N Q% = . ' )& & . ' + E ' <dim_2> 3 " O 3' 4 Q * B # Q% . + Q% < E N Signal ‘<name>’ size mismatch at connection ‘<con>’ . . + ' = &E N *B ;?4 . V9 - & ` ) V9 /% <con> O ' E N <name> Array ‘<name>’ cannot be typecasted 124 -' + t ' €& V # ' \ . % ' PSCAD Q% & = * Q% U C& &' + & H <A * N t = I 9 + ' 8 "& Q% & b b6 % ' Q% N V9 /% % ' t @ ,E K ' W & . N % . ;% ? b b6 % ' . + & + J% ) H <A Invalid breakout connection to external node(s) at ‘<Node>’ /% : + & BreakOut = * & ~ & V9 /% . @ = * vC> sB 9 ' + = * /% / & u W' BreakOut / & Q% % @ /% & 1 % Î * 1 )4 % * % D - N V9 /% . 1 ;B Q% + ! > -. +& + I . B # • XNode . N& ' 4 . ' W & XNode I 9/ \ &0b1 ' W & ' O ' EB <Node> . ;B Invalid breakout connection to ground at ‘<Node>’ : + & BreakOut = * & ~ & V9 /% . @ = * /% vC> sB 9 ' + @ /% & 1 % Î * 1 )4 % * = * /% uW' % D - N V9 /% . 1 ;B Q% + I . B # Q% ;4 6 / = * /% / & % & . + & + ;A / &0b1 . + . B#= # & Q% + ! > -. +& . + ;B / & BreakOut Î @ <Node> Invalid short in breakout at ‘<Node>’ . @ = * /% vC> sB 9 ' + u W ' Î . @ . +& : + & BreakOut = * & ~ & V9 /% @ /% & 1 % Î * 1 )4 % * % D - N V9 /% . 1 ;B Q% & B< % & u W . @ Q% . + EB . + EB BreakOut E B <Node> Signal at Connection <Name> Does not have a Source . + ? ;B "< • & 8 "& Q% . ' E N % D- N V9 /% File Write Error: Unable to Open file <Address> File Write Error: <Address> Does not have write Permission. ' ;% 9 ' % # "% . & 4 . ;% ?2 ;< % ' 1 N 125 ) Q% & V9 V9 /% ` ) . - U9 /% tLW ' 9 ' 4 . ;% ?2 . & .n % ' I = . &/+ I .' . PSCAD . +& . % > r 0 y' E N t I .' "% %+ I . €% W . "% . ' &' ;< <Address> 2# p (3-8 ?+ N 3 4 n)& y ' /% 1 b b6 . E N ; 6 % 0 . 1 H <A . E N ; 6 % 0 . 1 bV . E N ; 6 % 0 : . 1 % * . @ & ;B % 0 126 . %' I = :(? : & 'A : - :[Mq oV @ABA / ( 4# <= > '5=$: ;) ! "# $% &'( ) *+,#- .# +%,# /0 - 12 # 2 / , 3# 4 2 56 7 8 6 / [1] [2] EMTP Theory Book by Hermann W Dommel, second ed., MicroTran Power Analysis Corporation, May 1992 [3] Analysis of Numerical Methods by Eugene Isaacson, Bishop, Courier Dover Publications, Jun 1994 [4] PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design), by Group Writers, Craig Muller, Manitoba-HVDC Research Center Inc, 2003 127

کتاب آموزش نرم افزار PSCAD شماره 1 (PowerEn.ir)

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کتاب آموزش نرم افزار PSCAD شماره 1 (PowerEn.ir)

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