TEST 2 SOLUTION
Question 1
One of the major energy consumers is the wastewater treatment facilities in an urban water
system. This results in a significant amount of energy bills for the municipal because there is
not enough technological use of wastewater or its residues. However, it is seen that wastewater
has the potential to be changed into different forms of energy such as thermal and chemical.
The most recent form of energy recovered is a process known as anaerobic post-digestion
whereby waste sludge is converted to methane gas (chemical energy) to be used in agriculture.
These new technological advancements are for commercial wastewater collection however,
people domestically can help by using wastewater creatively, for example, wastewater from
kitchen sinks and showers can be used in toilets. Further, more technological implementations
are required to save more energy and subsequently save more money.
Question 2
a) Major systems are used mainly in well-planned urban areas to protect any property
damages. These are planned systems that follow the law of gravity and usually flow
downhill. Some examples are infiltration trenches, vegetated swales, porous
pavements, and infiltration basins. Minor systems include quality facilities such as
conveyance and storage-based systems, in essence, the reuse of surface water. For
example, spate irrigation systems, green roofs, bio-retention areas, and gutters.
b) Wastewater systems in use are a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial, or
agricultural activities and such activities include gravity, pressure, and vacuum
wastewater system.
Advantages of reusing wastewater
 Reducing environmental impact
 Reduce demands and stress on freshwater supply
 Improving sustainability
Disadvantages of reusing wastewater



Health risk
Public perception
Cost
Question 3
Assumptions
Parameter
Current Scenario
Baseline Scenario
Site Area (acres)
N/A
N/A
Hydrologic Soil Group
A
A
Hydraulic Conductivity (in/hr)
2
2
Surface Slope (%)
5
5
Precip. Data Source
READING
READING
Evap. Data Source
READING
READING
Climate Change Scenario
None
None
% Forest
10
10
% Meadow
0
0
% Lawn
40
40
% Desert
0
0
% Impervious
50
50
Years Analyzed
20
20
Ignore Consecutive Wet Days
False
False
Wet Day Threshold (inches)
0.10
0.10
LID Control
Current Scenario
Baseline Scenario
Disconnection
0
0
Rain Harvesting
40 / 4
0
Rain Gardens
40 / 5
0
Green Roofs
0
0
Street Planters
5/6
0
Infiltration Basins
0
0
Porous Pavement
0
0
% of impervious area treated / % of treated area used for LID
Summary Results
Statistic
Current Scenario
Baseline Scenario
49.82
49.82
9.91
21.87
Days per Year With Rainfall
84.19
84.19
Days per Year with Runoff
26.03
54.66
Percent of Wet Days Retained
69.08
35.07
Average Annual Rainfall (inches)
Average Annual Runoff (inches)
Smallest Rainfall w/ Runoff (inches)
0.11
0.11
Largest Rainfall w/o Runoff (inches)
0.76
0.32
Max. Rainfall Retained (inches)
4.57
3.87
Question 4
Step 1: Catchment definition – this is where you collect preliminary data
Step 2: Flow estimation and check
Step 3: Quantity control
Step 4: Minor system initial assessment
Step 5: Major system check
Step 6: Preliminary sizing
Step 7: Water quality system design
Step 8: network review
Step 9: Evaluation
Step 10: Final design detailing
Question 5
a)
 MOUSE is a software-based in Pennsylvania, USA that is used to create and analyse
urban drainage and sewer systems with GIS links included. Several time periods can be
defined with multiple events and can also simulate spatial variations inflows and water
levels etc for pipes and open drains. However, DRAINS is a software used to design
and analyse urban storm water drainage systems and catchments. This software also
includes the connections to CAD and GIS programs for automatic piped drainage
design.

HSPF computes streamflow hydrographs using continuous rainfall and other
meteorological records. Simulation for many pervious and impervious unit areas
discharge to reservoirs and rivers can be done using this software. FLOW MASTER
helps us perform hydraulic calculations more accurately and helps solve for any
unknown property. The software can calculate element types, drop inlets, weirs, and
pipe and open channel calculations and produce detailed reports and rating curves.
b)
 HYDROCAD cannot simulate volume-sensitive routing for dams.
 Calculations are based on manning’s equation only for the preceding stage-discharge
and thus inlet, outlet, and tailwater effects are not considered.