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SCIENCE
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 4
(Week 4)
Concept of Species
and
System of Classification
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed to provide you with information that will
help you learn and master concepts about the Concept of Species and the
Linnaean System of Classification. It is self-instructional and allows you to
learn in your own space and pace. It was designed to track and measure
your progress on the given concepts presented and to adjust instruction
accordingly. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of
the course.
This module contains lessons on:
Lesson: Concept of Species
➢ The Linnaean System of Classification
MELC:
•
•
Explain the concept of species(SSLT-IVg-19)
Classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system(SSLTIV-20)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. explain the concept of species as a distinct reproductive group of
organisms;
2. describe the Linnaean system of classification; and
3. classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
(domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species)
based on structure and function.
What I Know
Directions: Write the letter of the best answer. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answers.
1. The level of biodiversity that involves a variety of habitats and
communities.
A. Ecosystem Diversity
C. Population Diversity
B. Genetic Diversity
D. Species Diversity
2. In the Linnaean system of naming, a single species is identified by a
binomial, which consists of the following two parts:
A. Phylum and Class
C. Family and Genus
B. Class and Order
D. Genus and Species
3. A cat’s scientific name is Felix catus, which genus does it belong to?
A. Binomial Nomenclature
B. cat
C. Felix
D. catus
4. Which of the following sequences shows the correct hierarchy of
classification, from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?
A. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species
B. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
C. Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Domain
D. Domain, Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Species, Family, Order, Class
5. The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by ________.
A. Antoine Leeuwenhook
C. Carolus Linnaeus
B. Aristotle
D. Charles Darwin
6. The scientific name for humans is correctly written as _______.
A. Homo sapiens B. homo sapiens C. Homo Sapiens D. Homo Sapiens
7. An organism’s scientific name is based on how it is classified. Which
of the following levels of classification determine the name.
A. Domain
B. Genus and Species
C. Kingdom
D. Phylum
8. Why do regions of high geographic relief often also have higher
biodiversity than flat areas?
A. They get more sunlight.
B. There are more places to hide.
C. They are better for growing crops.
D. They often comprise more than one type of habitat.
9. Which branch of the life sciences is primarily concerned with the
naming of species?
A. Biology
B. Phycology
C. Taxonomy
D. Zoology
10. Organizing taxonomic information into logical classification.
A. dendogram B. phenatic C. phylogenetic D. systematic
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11. On what basis did Linnaeus group species in his classifications?
A. their taxonomy
B. their geographic origin
C. their phylogenetic relationship
D. their similarities and differences
12. The primary objective of our modern classification system is to
accomplish which of the following conditions?
A. A unique name for each species.
B. Species names we can easily remember
C. A Latin-sounding name for each species.
D. Species names that describe the organism.
13. Contains organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring.
A. Binomial Nomenclature B. Reproduction C. Species D. Taxonomy
14. A group of interbreeding populations.
A. Genetic Species Concept
B. Biological Species Concept
C. Evolutionary Species Concepts
D. Morphological Species Concept
15. In the levels of classification, what comes after Class?
A. Genus
B. Family C. Order
D. Phylum
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Lesson
Concept of Species
What’s In
In your previous lesson, you have learned how to predict phenotypic
expression of traits following simple patterns of inheritance. You’ve learned
also the general idea that genes carry the information that determines traits,
these are features or characteristics that are inherited from a parent and are
passed on from one generation to the next.
Just like the concept of Genetics that no individual are exactly alike.
Organisms may appear to be alike and be different species. Some organisms
may look different and yet be the same species. In this module you will find
out that there are finite numbers of varieties of living organisms that exist
on earth. These types do not exhibit any relationship with each other. Such
varieties are termed as Species which is the fundamental unit of taxonomic
hierarchy.
What’s New
What makes them species? How we identify species, by morphology or
the practice of taxonomists? Species are the smallest groups that are
consistently and persistently distinct and distinguishable by ordinary
means. It is a group of living organisms that can interbreed to produce
fertile offspring. Has a genetic difference or distance among population and
evolving separately from other and with its own unitary evolutionary role
and tendencies.
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The activity below will let you understand better the concept of
species.
Activity 1:
My fave plant
Directions: Write the name of your favourite plant in the blank at the
center. Fill out the information required by the Frayer model. Use a separate
sheet of paper for your answers.
Draw your plant
What are the needs of
your plant?
Give at least
three features
of your plant.
Give at least
two things
that can
harm your
plant.
Rubrics Scoring Guide: 10 points
Score
5
4
3
2
Criteria
Content
Covers topic
in-depth with
details and
examples.
Subject
knowledge is
excellent.
Includes
essential
knowledge
about the
topic. Subject
knowledge
appears to be
good.
Includes
essential
information
about the
topic but there
are some
errors.
Content is
minimal or
there are
several errors.
Comprehension
Accurately
answer almost
all questions
and give
examples.
Accurately
answer most
questions and
give examples.
Accurately
answer a few
questions and
give only a few
examples.
Unable to
accurately
answer
questions and
no examples
given.
The activity above shows that plants, like all species, have essential
needs that must be met for them to survive and play their roles. They have
basic and unique characteristics that make a living organism. There are
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things that you need to do to keep them alive, and like any other living
things they will die too if they are not properly taken care of. You need to
keep certain things in check to ensure the safety of each organism.
What is It
The designation of species originates in taxonomy, where the species
is the fundamental unit of classification recognized by the International
Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. Every species is assigned a
standard two-part name of genus and species. The genus is the generic
name that includes closely related species.
There are more than 20 other different species concepts; however
species comprising related organisms share common characteristics and are
capable of interbreeding. This biological species concept is widely used in
biology and related fields of study. Some examples include the ecological
species concepts, which describe a species as a group of organisms formed
by the resources they depend on ( in other words, their ecological niche) and
the genetic species concepts., which considers all organisms capable of
inheriting traits from one another within a common gene pool and the
amount of genetic difference between populations of that species, like the
biological species concepts, the genetic species concepts considers which
individuals are capable of interbreeding, as well as the amount of genetic
differences between population of that species, but it may also be used to
estimate when the species originated.
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What’s More
Carolus von Linnaeus is a Swedish botanist who introduced a system
of classifying living things. He was the first to classify living things using
structural similarity as basis. There are two important features in his work:
The Classification of Living Things by Levels and the Binomial Nomenclature.
There are Eight Levels of Classification. This taxonomic concept of Linnaeus
places each organism in a series of hierarchically arranged categories. Each
category or level is called a taxon (plural taxa), which is a general term for
any level of classification.
Take a look at how a human being and a cat are classified into
different levels. From the classification table of man, we can see the degree
of likeness with the cat. Likewise, we can see the general structural
characteristics that every human being possesses and enable taxonomists
to classify man in each category or taxon.
All of Life
CAT
YOU
Domain
Eukarya
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Primates
Family
Felidae
Hominidae
Genus
Felis
Homo
Species
catus
sapiens
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Activity 2: What makes us alike?
What makes us different?
Directions: Take a look at the picture of these two animals and answer the
following questions below. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
Fig.1. Dog
Source:sciencemag.org
Fig.2.Milk Fish
Source:animaldiversity.org
Guide Questions:
1. Cite at least three similarities between them.
2. Cite at least three differences between them.
Rubrics Scoring Guide: 10 points
Score
5
4
3
2
Criteria
Content
Covers topic
in-depth with
details and
examples.
Subject
knowledge is
excellent.
Includes
essential
knowledge
about the
topic. Subject
knowledge
appears to be
good.
Includes
essential
information
about the
topic but there
are some
errors.
Content is
minimal or
there are
several errors.
Comprehension
Accurately
answer almost
all questions
and give
examples.
Accurately
answer most
questions and
give examples.
Accurately
answer a few
questions and
give only a few
examples.
Unable to
accurately
answer
questions and
no examples
given.
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What I Have Learned
Let’s apply now what you have learned. You can use books or online
database references for additional information in completing the following
table (highest to lowest level). Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers.
Human
Classification Level
Dog
What I Can Do
Mastering Concepts
Directions: Give what is asks for. Use a separate sheet of paper to write
your answers.
1. List down all living things that you see around. Give the
characteristics of these things. Point out the common characteristics
of some of them.
2. Name the eight Levels of Classification
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Rubrics Scoring Guide: 10 points
Score
5
4
3
2
Criteria
Content
Covers topic
in-depth with
details and
examples.
Subject
knowledge is
excellent.
Includes
essential
knowledge
about the
topic. Subject
knowledge
appears to be
good.
Includes
essential
information
about the
topic but there
are some
errors.
Content is
minimal or
there are
several errors.
Comprehension
Accurately
answer almost
all questions
and give
examples.
Accurately
answer most
questions and
give examples.
Accurately
answer a few
questions and
give only a few
examples.
Unable to
accurately
answer
questions and
no examples
given.
9
Assessment
I- Directions: Write the letter of the best answer. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answers.
1. Which of the following sequences shows the correct hierarchy of
classification, from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?
A. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species
B. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
C. Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Domain
D. Domain, Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Species, Family, Order, Class
2. What is the broadest and largest level of Classification?
A. Domain
B. Kingdom
C. Phylum
D. Species
3. Which branch of the life science is primarily concern with the naming
of species?
A. phylogeny
B. synonomy
C. taxonomy
D. zoology
4. The ability of species to produce a variety of genetically unique
individuals in each generation.
A. Mutation
C. Genetic polymorphism
B. Natural selection
D. Allopatric speciation
5. The biological species concept is not applicable to _______.
A. asexual organisms
C. parasites
B. endemic populations
D. plants
6. Contains organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring.
A. Binomial Nomenclature
C. Taxonomy
B. Classification
D. Species
7. An organism’s Scientific Name is based on how it is classified.
Which of the following levels of classification determine the name?
A. Kingdom
B. Phylum
C. Order D. Genus and Species
8. The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by ________.
A. Aristotle
C. Carolus Linnaeus
B. Charles Darwin
D. Antoine Leeuwenhook
9. The scientific name of cat is Felis catus. What is the genus to which
this cat belongs?
A. cat
B.catus
C. Felis
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D. Felis catus
10. Which of the following is the most limiting level of classification of an
organism?
A. Class
B. Genus
C. Order
D. Species
11. In the levels of classification, what comes after Phylum?
A. Class
B. Family
C. Genus
D. Order
12. Which grouping of organisms is considered to have the greatest
amount of diversity?
A. Domain
B. Kingdom
C. Species
D. Order
13.Organisms capable of inheriting traits from one another with a
common gene pool.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Genetic Species Concept
Biological Species Concept
Evolutionary Species Concept
Morphological Species Concept
14. The level of biodiversity that involves a variety of habitats and
Communities.
A. Species Diversity
C. Population Diversity
B. Genetic Diversity
D. Ecosystem Diversity
15. The primary objective of our modern classification system is to
accomplish which of the following conditions?
A. A unique name for each species.
B. A species names we can easily remember.
C. A Latin sounding name for each species.
D. Species names that describe the organism.
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Answer Key
References
BOOKS:
Madriaga, Estrellita A., Ph.D.; K to 12 Science Links, Work text for Scientific
and Technological Literacy. pp. 370-372: Philippine Copyright 2017 by
Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Ramos, John Donnie and Ramos, Anna Cherylle Morales., Exploring Lefe
Through Science: BIOLOGY.pp. 24-30: Copright 2006 by Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
WEBSITES:
www.britannica.com/science/taxonomy
cbd.int/gti/taxonomy
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SCIENCE 8 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
MODULE 4: CONCEPT OF SPECIES AND SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
Name: _________________________________________
Grade/Section: ________________________________
Date: _____________
Score: ____________
Activity No. 1
Oh!!! My words!
Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain the concept of species.
K to 12 BEC CG: S8LT-IVg-19,
Directions: Answer the puzzle.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Across
1. Refers to the diversity of genes or genetic Down
makeup og organism
5. It is the variety of life and its processes
2. It is the science of naming, classifying and
8. The largest division of a kingdom
organizing organisms
9. It is the basic unit of classification
3. He is the father of taxonomy
10. It is the number of different species present 4. Is the grouping and ordering of living things
in an area
6. The number of different species in a
11. The highest category of life
particular ecosystem on earth
12. He is the first scientist who work on
7. Refers to the giving of names to organisms
classification
by living communities interacting with their en
13. Describe the man types of functional units
formed
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Name: ____________________________________________
Grade/Section: ___________________________________
Date: ____________
Score: ___________
ACTIVITY NO. 2
WHAT'S IN A NAME?
Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain the concept of species.
K to 12 BEC CG: S8LT-IVg-19
Directions: Give the names of organisms as they are shown below.
Organism
English
Filipino Ilocano
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14
Pangasinan
Scientific
Name
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
15
18
19
20
21
22
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“Biodiversity, or natural riches, is a new term that describes something very old.”
—Alfredo Ortega, writer
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Name: ____________________________________________
Grade/Section: ___________________________________
Date: ____________
Score: ___________
Activity No 3
Correct me if I’m Wrong
Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain the concept of species.
K to 12 BEC CG: S8LT-IVg-19,
Directions: Here’s your chance to find out what you know
about the world’s diverse plants, animals and natural places.
For each question, circle all the correct answers.
1. Which of the animals below could be the fastest human outrun in a 100yard race?
A. American dog
b. cheetah
C. domestic cat D. warthog
2. Which of the following best describes the word “biodiversity?”
A. endangered species
B. the variety of all life on earth
C. biographies about famous biologists
D. different kinds of planets in the solar system
3. Which of the following would people have to do without if there were no
bees?
A. almonds
B. apples C. honey
D. cucumbers
4. Some of the world’s most fascinating creatures live in really unusual
places. Which of the following is sometimes a home for another living?
A. a termite’s gut
C. a caterpillar’s abdomen
B. a human’s forehead D. a white-tailed deer’s intestine
5. Which is an example of an ecosystem service?
A. a flower in the garden
B. a wetland that filters dirty water
C. an ocean that controls the earth’s climate
D. a ladybird beetle that protects your garden by eating aphid pests
6. Without fungi, which activity would you not be able to do?
A. bake bread
B. eat pizza topped with mushrooms
C. put blue cheese dressing on your salad
D. live in a world free of dead things lying all over the place
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7. Which of the following actually exist?
A. ants that “herd” aphids for food
B. slime molds that creep across the ground
C. trees that can grow with their roots underwater
D. none of the above
8. What is the most serious threat to biodiversity?
A. habitat loss
C. scientists collecting specimens
B. pollution
D. tourists
9. Which of the following can be considered an enemy of the Great Lakes?
A. Mercury
B. Sea lamprey
C. Spiny water flea
D. Zebra mussel
10. Which of the following could have a great impact in our environment?
A. group of people planting trees
B. putting up nuclear power plants
C. cleaning drainage and water ways
D. all of the above
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Name: ____________________________________________
Grade/Section: ___________________________________
Date: _____________
Score: ____________
Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain the concept of species.
K to 12 BEC CG: S8LT-IVg-19,
Directions: SELF-CHECK: Encircle the pictures that signify a healthy
environment.
TRY This:
https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-healthy-environment.htmhttps://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-healthy-environment.htm
https://www.w
isegeek.com/w
hat-is-ahealthyenvironment.ht
m
https://www.w
isegeek.com/w
hat-is-ahealthyenvironment.ht
l
https://www.canstockphoto.com/images-photos/healthy-environment.htm tps://www.who.int/features/2007/photo_contest/en
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