3rd Grading Period Earth Science Mam Lily’s Hi-TEACH Class Please Log-in to our Class Take a selfie and send a copy here to confirm your attendance today! THEME: You got a grade of 99 in your Science Class Te Fiti is a major character in Disney's 2016 animated feature film Moana. She is a goddess with the power to create life—an ability that she used to create the islands of Polynesia. After her heart had been stolen by Maui, she became Te Kā, a demon of earth and fire and the main antagonist of the film Draw a volcano and things that you commonly see around it. VOLCANO A volcano is an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape Where Does the Word ‘Volcano’ Come From? Have you ever thought about why volcanoes are actually called 'volcanoes'? Can you think of a reason why? The word 'volcano' comes from the island ‘Vulcano’, which is a volcanic island in Italy. Vulcano, Italy. The island actually gets its name from the Roman God of fire – Vulcan. The Roman God of Fire Roman mythology says that Vulcan lived in a volcano. As well as being the god of fire, he made many weapons and forged them using metal and fire. He was a very skilled blacksmith. Romans believed that if Vulcan was made angry, the volcano would erupt. So they tried their best to please him and not anger him. Forged: to have made or shaped metal object using Click onathe word in bold to firewhat or furnace. findaout it means! Label the layers of the EARTH Layers of the Earth Inner core Outer core Mantle Crust It 1,802 miles It Itis isisapproximately anot liquid even layer and made is made out of up of It is a solid layer and is made of thick and is made of a solid, rocky molten pieces iron which andoverlap nickel. to Thiscover liquid iron and nickel. It is the hottest substance called rock or metal the entire creates planet. themolten Earth's These pieces part of the Earth and can reach magma. This is what escapes magnetic are called field. “tectonic plates.” temperatures oferupts. up to 10,800ºF! when a volcano What Is Our Earth Made Of? + × + × × + × + The Crust Mantle Outer Inner Core Core This is The the outer layer of the Earth. It1,802 variesmiles in thickness from 20-50 miles mantle is approximately thick and is made Theisouter core is aand liquid layer made ofnickel. molten Itiron andhottest nickel.part Thisof This a solid layer is made of ironout and is the thick. Itof is anot even and substance is made upcalled of pieces which overlap to cover the solid, rocky molten rock or magma. the Earth liquid and metal can creates reach temperatures thewhen Earth's magnetic of up erupts. to field. 10,800ºF! entire planet. These pieces are called “tectonic plates.” This is what escapes a volcano How HOT is the EARTH’s INTERIOR? How HOT is the EARTH’s INTERIOR? Deep in the Earth, it is extremely hot. It is so hot, in fact, that rocks actually melt and form magma, which makes up the mantle of the Earth. The upper mantle mixes and moves, which creates pressure underneath the crust. This pressure can sometimes cause the mantle to leak out onto the surface of the earth – this is a volcano! Over time, as this magma leaks out, the volcano will get bigger and bigger. Magma vs. Lava + Lava is the liquid rock that flows out of a volcano. + Magma is the liquid rock inside a volcano. How are volcanoes formed? At constructive or divergent plate boundaries, the tectonic plates are moving away from one another. The Earth’s crust is pulled apart to create a new pathway for rising hot magma to flow on to the surface. How are volcanoes formed? Destructive, or convergent, plate boundaries are where the tectonic plates are moving towards each other. Volcanoes form here in two settings where either oceanic plate descends below another oceanic plate or an oceanic plate descends below a continental plate. This process is called subduction and creates distinctive types of volcanoes depending on the setting. How are volcanoes formed? Oceanic Continental Oceanic Oceanic Continental Continental How are Volcanoes Made? 1 Pressure builds up inside the Earth. 2 As the pressure increases, magma moves upwards, exploiting any weaknesses or cracks in the Earth’s crust. 3 As the pressure continues to mount, the magma erupts through the Earth’s crust causing a volcano. 4 As the lava hardens and cools, the cone shape associated with volcanoes becomes easily recognisable. 5 This process is ongoing. https://contrib.pbslearningmedia.org/WGBH/buac17/buac17-int-quakevolint/index.html PACIFIC RING OF FIRE The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The majority of Earth’s volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the Ring of Fire. Label the parts of the volcano by dragging the words in their appropriate boxes VOLCANO CRATER MAIN VENT MAGMA CONDUIT MAGMA CHAMBER MAGMA 2ND VENT CRUST MANTLE EXTERNAL PARTS OF A VOLCANO SUMMIT SLOPE BASE ANATOMY OF A VOLCANO Write the 3 main external part/s of the VOLCANO given below. 01 CLASSIFICATION VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO VOLCANIC ACTIVITY The Three Stages of Volcanoes Scientists have placed volcanoes in to three different categories. What do you think each one is? Active An active volcano is one that has erupted recently, and there is the possibility that it may erupt again. Dormant A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time, however, it may still erupt in the future. Extinct An extinct volcano is one which has erupted thousands of years ago, but it will probably never erupt again. I. CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANO ACCORDING TO ACTIVITY Active Are those that have record of eruption within 600 years or those which have erupted for the last 10,000 years inActive are those that have not erupted for the last 10,000 years ACTIVE VOLCANOES https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php /volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-thephilippines List down the active and inactive volcanoes in the Philippines. Use the picture below as reference. ACTIVE INACTIVE LAST ERUPTION COUNTRY 1 1,500 years ago Argentina / Chile 2 Extinct Argentina 3 Extinct Argentina 4 Activ Argentina / Chile 5 1877 Argentina / Chile 02 CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO SHAPES OF THE CONES CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO SHAPE CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANO ACCORDING TO SHAPE CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANO ACCORDING TO SHAPE CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANO ACCORDING TO SHAPE What Types of Volcano Are There? Shield Volcanoes like this one in Hawaii are common in this part of the world. Shield Volcanoes Shield volcanoes are bowl or shield-shaped in the middle. When they erupt, the lava is quite runny and it travels long distances down the side of the volcano before it cools down. This lava forms long, gentle slopes that look like a warrior's shield, which is how they got their name. These volcanoes do not often explode. SHIELD VOLCANOES Shield Volcanoes in Philippines are: a) Biliran b) Iraya c) Kanlaon d) Mareveles What Types of Volcano Are There? Sunset Crater in Arizona, USA is a cinder cone. Cinder Cones Cinder cones are circular or oval cones. They are made up of small fragments of lava, which are blown into the air through a single vent. When they cool down, they form rock around the vent. They grow quickly, but are not usually very big. They are not usually dangerous either. CINDER VOLCANOES Cinder Volcanoes in Philippines is: a) Smith What Types of Volcano Are There? Mount St. Helens in Washington, USA is a composite volcano. Composite Volcanoes These volcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes and are made up of lots of layers of volcanic rocks. They usually erupt in an explosive way because the magma in these volcanoes is quite sticky. It clogs up the passage that it has to pass through. Pressure is built inside the volcanic chamber and this results in the volcano erupting violently. COMPOSITE VOLCANOES Composite Volcanoes in Philippines are: a) Mayon b) Pinatubo c) Bulusan d) Arayat e) Hibok-Hibok What Types of Volcano Are There? Mount St. Helens in Washington, USA has a lava dome inside. Lava Domes Volcanoes are formed by viscous magma being erupted effusively onto the surface and then piling up around the vent. Like lava flows, they typically do not have enough gas or pressure to erupt explosively, although they may sometimes be preceded or followed by explosive activity. However, unlike lava flows, the lava that forms domes is often to thick and sticky to flow very far, and thus instead pile up thick and high around the vent. LAVA DOME VOLCANOES Shield Volcanoes in Philippines are: a) Taal b) Musuan Peak What Types of Volcano Are There? Kilaluea in Hawaii is a fissure volcano. Fissure Volcanoes A linear fracture on the Earth's surface through which lavas, pyroclastics, and gas are erupted and effused. The eruptive products accumulate most thickly along the linear fracture and build up an elongate, low-angle shield or higher-angle cone topography, constituting the volcanic pile. Classify the volcanoes below as to the shape of their cone. 03 CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO ERUPTIVE STYLES CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO ITS ERUPTIVE STYLE EFFUSIVE AND EXPLOSIVE Effusive eruptions occur when hot, (1200oC) runny basalt magmas reach the surface. Dissolved gases escape easily as the magma erupts, forming lava that flows downhill quite easily. If a magma has low viscosity (it is runny), gas can escape easily, so when the magma erupts at the surface it forms lava flows. Effusive eruptions build up gently-sloping Shield Volcanoes like Hawaii. Explosive eruptions occur where cooler, more viscous magmas (such as andesite) reach the surface. Dissolved gases cannot escape as easily, so pressure may build up until gas explosions blast rock and lava fragments into the air! Lava flows are much more thick and sticky so do not flow downhill as easily. These eruptions build up more steeplysloping Composite volcanoes like this one in Chile. PHREATIC OR HYDROTHERMAL is a steam-driven eruption as hot rocks come in contact with water. PHREATOMAGMATIC a violent reaction due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic called base surges are observed. STROMBOLIAN is a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava. VULCANIAN is characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall. PLINIAN Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics PELEAN Pelean eruptions, or Nuee Ardente eruptions occur when a large quantity of gas, dust, ash and lava fragments are blown out of a volcano’s central crater. This material falls back, and then travels down the side of the volcano at tremendous speeds – faster than 150 km/hour Pelean eruptions got their name from Mont Pelee, the volcano that caused tremendous destruction on Martinique, Lesser Antilles in 1902. ERUPTIVE STYLES ERUPTIVE STYLES GROUP ACTIVITY Rubric You may scan your QR codes to see your Grade for individual and group activities! VOLCANO MODEL ERUPTION SIMULATION Point Value Point Value Quality 20 Quality 20 Process skills 20 Process skills 20 Time Management 20 Time Management 20 Cooperation and Teamwork 20 Cooperation and Teamwork 20 Cleanliness 20 Cleanliness 20 PERFORMANCE TASK Make a “SHOE BOX” Diorama showing the “ Eruption of a Volcano” CHALLENGE: Make your diorama looks as realistic as possible PERFORMANCE TASK https://pin.it/73mRrnl https://pin.it/KHWQypV OPTION 2 Make an explosion box/flip book machine about how a volcano erupts CHALLENGE: Make your explosion box looks as realistic as possible Rubric You may scan your QR codes to see your Grade for individual and group activities! PERFORMANCE TASK Point Value Quality 20 Creativity 20 Innovativeness 20 Relevance 20 Time of Submission 20 Experiments with LAVA
