Detailed Lesson Plan of Digestive System
I.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a. Define the digestive system
b. Enumerate the parts of the digestive system
c. Explain how the digestive system works
II.
SUBJECT MATTER
a. Topic: Functions of Digestive System
b. Reference:
c. Instructional Materials: PowerPoint presentation, pictures, videos and food,
Strips of cartolina paper (if f2f classes)/ Website of demonstration lab (Gizmo, if
online classes)
III.
PROCEDURES
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY
STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
A. Preliminary Activities
Greetings
Prayers
Checking of attendance
(Students are doing the activities)
B. Motivation
“Each of you will be given a chocolate. I
want you to eat and swallow it slowly”
(Only applicable if f2f classes)
Alternative (if online classes):
“Pick any food you can eat from home,
may it a biscuit or a fruit, and I want you
to eat and swallow it slowly”
“What do you think will happen to the
chocolate when you ate it?”
“Yes, ma’am”
“Yes, ma’am”
“The chocolate is broken down into small
pieces.”
“That’s right! When you ate the
chocolate, it breaks down into pieces and
will be digested into the stomach.”
“Digestive system!”
“So, what do you think is our topic
today?”
“That’s right!”
“Yes, ma’am”
“Now, let us watch a video about the
digestive system. You can jot down
notes.”
(P
C. Lesson Proper
*Presentation of PowerPoint with
pictures and description of the digestive
system
“What is the first organ involved in
Digestive System?”
“That’s right! What process is involved
when you put the food in your mouth?”
“Mouth Ma’am.”
“Ingestion Ma’am.”
“What is ingestion?”
“Ingestion is the process of the food entering the
mouth.”
“Very good! Where do you think
digestion begins?”
“Yes. Digestion begins in the mouth
specifically in the oral cavity. What is
digestion?”
“Yes. Digestion is simply the breakdown
of food into smaller components. There
are two forms of digestion. What are the
two forms of digestion?”
“The digestion begins in the Mouth.”
“Digestion is the process of breaking down of
food into smaller component.”
“The two forms of Digestion are Mechanical
digestion and Chemical digestion.”
“That’s right! What is Mechanical
Digestion?”
“Mechanical Digestion is the process of breaking
down of food.”
“Yes. Mechanical digestion is simply the
breaking down of food into
progressively smaller and smaller
particles through tearing, cutting,
grinding, and the moving of food along
the digestive tract. What is Chemical
Digestion?”
“Chemical digestion is the process of converting
food into substances.”
“Very good! Chemical digestion is the
process where food is converted to
substances usable by the body.
Substances called enzymes speed up this
process. Your oral cavity receives the
food and begins the preparation of food
for digestion. Food is torn and ground
into smaller pieces through chewing.
Tongue moves the food around your
oral cavity so that all food can be ground
up. Food is now a wet and become a
bolus. Where do you think bolus will go
after the mouth?”
“The bolus will go to esophagus.”
“That’s right! The bolus will push into
the pharynx with the aid of your tongue.
Tongue cannot push food all the way
down to the stomach. And the bolus is
moved further downward by rhythmic,
muscular contractions of the Pharynx,
known as Peristalsis.”
“What is esophagus?”
“Very good! Esophagus is where the
bolus passes through to go to the
stomach. Its important function is to
carry food, liquids, and saliva from the
mouth to the stomach. Where’s the next
stop of bolus?”
“Esophagus is a long flexible-tube like structure.”
“The next stop is the stomach Ma’am.”
“Yes. The bolus continues its journey to
this J shaped expanded bag called the
Stomach. What is the function of
Stomach?”
“That’s right! The stomach is the main
food storage tank of the body. It also
secretes a mixture of acid, mucus, and
digestive enzymes that helps to digest
and sanitize our food while it is being
stored. This organ is filled with gastric
juices and mucus. What is gastric juice?”
“Yes. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks
down the proteins found in food. The
stomach makes a churning action by
way of muscle contractions. This action
increases the effectiveness of gastric
juices. In the stomach bolus become
semi liquid, creamy, homogeneous
substance called “chyme.” Where does
chyme’s next stop?”
“Very good! Chyme leaves the bottom
of the stomach through the pyloric
sphincter and travels a short way to the
small intestine. There are two processes
involved in the small intestine. What are
these?”
“Very good! What is Absorption?”
“Yes. Absorption is the process of the
food molecules being absorbed into the
blood stream. What is Assimilation?”
“That’s right! Assimilation is the process
by which chemicals from food are taken
into the cells. What is the main function
of small intestine?”
“The function of the stomach is to digest further
the bolus.”
“Gastric juices an acidic substance composed
mainly of pepsin.”
“The next stop is the small intestine.”
“The two processes involved in the small
intestine are Absorption and Assimilation.”
“Absorption is the uptake of fluids or other
substances by the tissues of the body.”
“Assimilation is the process of uptake of
nutrients into cells and tissues.”
“The main function of small intestine is to absorb
the nutrients and minerals.”
“Very good! The small intestine breaks
down the food mixture even more so
your body can absorb all the vitamins,
minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and
fats. In the small intestine digestion
continues. Where’s next stop of chyme
after small intestine?”
“The next stop is the large intestine.”
Bile is a compound that aids in the
digestion of fat and eliminates waste
products from the blood.
“Yes. What will happen to the chyme in
large intestine?”
“That’s right! Nutrients not absorbed in
small intestines are absorbed in the large
intestine as is some of the water. It also
serves as the storage and elimination
structure for indigestible substances. Still
in the form of chyme when it enters, but
in the colon, chyme is converted into
feces. What is feces?”
“The large intestine will reabsorb the water from
the chyme.”
“Feces is the left over solid bits of waste.”
“Very good! Where do feces go after?”
“The feces will go to rectum.”
“Yes. When the descending colon
becomes full of feces, it empties its
contents into the rectum to begin the
process of elimination. What is the main
function of rectum?”
“The main function of rectum is to act as a
temporary storage site for fecal matter before it
is eliminated.”
The brain then decides if the rectal
contents can be released or not. If they
can, the sphincters (muscles) relax and
the rectum contracts, expelling its
contents. If the contents cannot be
expelled, the sphincters contract and the
rectum accommodates, so that the
sensation temporarily goes away.
“That’s right! Where do feces pass
through to be eliminated?”
“In the anus or anus canal.”
“Yes. Feces will be eliminated through
your anus canal. And this is the process of
excretion. What is excretion?”
“Excretion is the process of discarding the waste
from your body.”
“Very good! Excretion is the final process
of Digestive system. Did you
understand?”
“Yes Ma’am.”
D. Application
Using strips of Carolina students will label
each part of the Digestive System.
Expected Answers:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
Alternative:
By giving the students a link or by
presenting it directly to the class
The said link, ( http://goo.gl/3uE8Gi)
Using a website of demonstration lab
(Gizmo), the students will arrange the
parts of the digestive system and see how
it operates when food is eaten. Maximum
of 5 minutes are given to the students.
Expected answers in a chronological order:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
E. Generalization
“What have you learned from our topic
today?”
(Students are generalizing the lesson)
“What is the importance of Digestion?”
IV.
EVALUATION
Identification:
1. ________It is part of the digestive system which process of breaking down the food.
2. ________It is a long muscular tube that starts from the back of your throat and ends
at your stomach.
3. ________It is a pear-shaped organ located in the upper left side of abdomen.
4. ________It completes the digestion of foods.
5. ________It is a large tube where the undigested food goes.
6. ________It is the process of taking food into your mouth.
7. ________It is the process of absorbing nutrients into your bloodstream.
8. ________It is the process of eliminating the wastes through anus/anus canal.
9. ________It is the process of nutrients becoming part of the tissues of the body.
10. ________It is the process of breaking down food into smaller components.
Expected Answers:
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small Intestine
5. Large Intestine
6. Ingestion
7. Absorption
8. Excretion
9. Assimilation
10. Digestion
V.
ASSIGNMENT
Research on the accessory organs involved in the Digestive System and their functions. Write
your assignment in a 1 whole sheet of paper. (For reference only, you can read about the
digestive system in here: https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-system,
https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/digestive/regions/accessory.html)