Malignant Melanoma
Group Members:
Akash Rade
Saurabh Mote
Muskan Pirjade
Ibrahim Mushrif
Submitted to: Mrs.Swati Kurne (Mam)
(Associate Professor)
B.V.D.U CON Sangli
Introduction:
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Is a cancer of melanocytes,which produce melanin.It is mostly deadly cancer of
skin.
Melanoma has ability to metastasize to any organ including brain and heart
Melanoma is caused mainly by intense occasional UV exposure ,especially in
those who are genetically predisposed disease.
Define: when the cancer originate or develops in melanocytes.It is called as
malignant melanoma.e
Risk Factor:
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A family history of malignant melanoma
Individual with light colored eyes, light hair & fair skin
Chronic exposure to UV rays
Previous history of malignant melanoma
Presence of many numbers of moles
Older age (more than 55 years )
Intake immunosuppressive drug.
Types:
There are 4 types:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Superficial spreading melanoma
Nodular melanoma
Lentigo melanoma
Acral lentiginous melanoma
1)superficial spreading melanoma:
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Most commonly present (about 70% of
all cases)
Common between in 25-50 years age
group
Common site: male- back;Female-legs
Diameter 2 cm
Flat and scaly lesions
Nodular Melanoma:
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Second commonly present (about 20%
of all cases)
Raised & dome shaped lesion
Lesion diameter is about 1-2 cm
Lentigo maligna
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Lesions are flat and large
Commonly occurs in face
Acral lentiginous melanoma
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Commonly present in individual
with dark colored skin
Lesion are present in soles, palm &
nails beds
Diameter of lesion is about 5 mm
diameter
Causes and Risk factor:
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The exact causes of all melanomas isn’t clear but exposure to
ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or tanning lamps and beds
increases risk of developing melanoma
Exact causes is unknown
Sun exposure particularly repeated blistering sunburns
Chronic uv exposure without sun protection
Non melanoma skin cancer
Family & personal history
Xeroderma pigmentosum.
Pathophysiology
In normal cases- melanocytes cells located at
or near basel layer (deepest epidermal layer)
Produce melanin- dark color pigment
Melanin made in granules and transferred to
keratinocytes where it accumulates & from
shied of pigment over nucleus of protection
against UV rays
Malignant melanoma can develop where
there is pigment but about ⅓ them
originate in existing (nevi moles).
Tumor develops & usually 6 mm in
diameter & symmetric & remains within
epidermis
Lesions are flat & benign, when they
penetrate the dermis and mix with
blood and lymph vessels, lesion got
capacity to metastasize
Tumor developed a released or nodular
appearance & often has smaller
nodules called satellite lesions around
periphery
Diagnostic evaluation
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History and physical examination
Biopsy of any suspicions lesion
Chest X-ray
Complete blood count
Level function test
CT scan & MRI
Asses the melanoma according to ABCD rule
Management:
1.
Surgery to remove affected lymph nodesIf melanoma has spread to nearby lymph nodes surgeon may remove the affected nodes additional
treatments before or after surgery also may be recommended
2.
ChemotherapyChemotherapy uses drug to destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy drugs travel directly to the area melanoma and don't affect other part of the body
3.
Radiation therapy- these treatment uses high powered energy beams, such as X-ray
To kill cancer cell.
4)biological therapy
Biological therapy boost immune system to help body fight cancer
These treatments are made of substance produced by the body or similar
substances produced in laboratory.
5. Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy uses medications designed to target specific vulnerabilities in
cancer cells
Medication are only effective in treating melanomas that have a certain genetic
mutation.
Nursing management:
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Impaired skin integrity due to disease condition
Monitor manifestations of infection like fever
Tachycardia, malaise,swelling pain or drainage that increase or become purulent
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Teaching the family members regarding hand washing so infection can be prevented in
lesion
Snow empathy to patient
Provide sufficient time to patient to express positive emotions
Asses clients perceptions clarify all perceptions
Evaluate support system of patient and involve them in care.