i
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC WASTE MATERIALS
AND EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
____________________
A Research Presented to the Faculty of the Basic
Education Department (Senior High School)
of St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Research/Capstone
Project of Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics
____________________
by
Sophia Therese B. Autor
Febuamae Joy V. Dela Pena
Ivan Karl Tabaque
Josipino Malaki
Hannah Mae T. Mijares
Julius Romanillos
Rex Brianne Burgos
March 2019
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This study entitled, “DETERMINING THE WEIGHT CAPACITY
OF HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC WASTE
MATERIALS AND EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING”, prepared
and submitted by Sophia Autor, Febuamae Dela Pena, Ivan Karl Tabaque,
Josipino Malaki, Hannah Mae Mijares, Julius Romanillos, Rex Brianne
Burgos in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research/Capstone
Project of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, has been
examined, approved and is hereby endorsed.
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of
____.
Engr. Jeric F. Bilita
______________________________
Chairperson
Engr. Zander L. Ignalig
_______________________
Member
Engr. Ricky J. Dabalos
________________________
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Research/Capstone Project of Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics.
ELEANOR C. AGUILLON, MA
SHS Focal Person
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the researchers would like to express their outmost
gratitude to the Father Almighty for being with them and pouring out his
full knowledge and wisdom in making this study. We also thank God for
giving the researchers the motivation in doing this study. Thank you, God,
for the strength and encouragement for without You, we are nothing.
Mr. Oliver T. Autor, Renzo Village Purok Chairman, for his approval
and giving the researchers the opportunity to conduct this study in the
vicinity of the village and allowing the researchers to use the village
facilities.
Mr. Edgie Boy B. Tadena, LPT, research adviser, for giving his advices
and ideas, guidance, patience, and for the help and encouragement.
The researchers’ parents, Mr. and Mrs. Autor, Mr. And Mrs. Dela
Pena, Mrs. Tabaque, Mr. and Mrs. Malaki, Mr. and Mrs. Mijares, Mr. and
Mrs. Romanillos, and Mr. and Mrs. Burgos for their unending support, love,
and understanding given in the research’ work.
To Researchers’ friends and classmates who had shared their own
resources and had given constant laughs, great camaraderie and wonderful
ideas while on the process of doing this study.
iv
The Researchers would also like to extend their heartfelt gratitude to
those who become part and parcel in the success of this study. Without you,
this work would not be possible. Thank you so much!
The Researchers
v
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to determine the weight capacity of
HDPE (high-density polyethylene) and eggshells mixture as roofing. The
subjects of this study were the roof composed of plastic waste materials
mixed with pulverized eggshell (PES). According to the study on Egg
Shell Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash (IJERT,
2015), it was found that addition of fly ash along with eggshell powder
(ESP) is beneficial for improved performance of concretes. (H. Ravi
Kumar, et. al, 2016) In addition to this, it was mentioned in an article from
AZO Cleantech that HDPE is the most used recycling material in the
world because of its quality. (Thomas, 2012) This was conducted using
Posttest-Only Control Group Design. In this type of design, two set-ups
are separated and one of them will received the treatment or intervention
while one will not, and data will be gathered after the treatment or
intervention. (Frey, 2018). The samples were assigned randomly. The data
of this study were computed and interpreted accordingly using mean, ttest and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this study, the highest capacity
with the mean value of 134.67kg was the experimental set-up 3 which was
the plastic roof with 60% pulverized eggshells. Therefore, the results
showed that the sample will be stronger with more grams of pulverized
eggshells. There is a significant difference in the weight capacity in the
experimental set-up and the control set-up. The result of this study might
be of great benefit to homeowners, to the government, roof
manufacturers, and future researchers.
Keywords: eggshells, HDPE (high-density polyethylene), plastic roofing
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE
i
APPROVAL SHEET
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
iii
ABSTRACT
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
LIST OF TABLES
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
CHAPTER
1
2
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Background of the Study
1
Statement of the Problem
3
Hypotheses
4
Review of Related Literature
4
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
6
Significance of the Study
9
Definition of Terms
10
METHOD
12
Research Design
12
vii
Treatments and their Application
13
Research Subject
13
Instruments and Materials
15
Experimental Procedure
15
Statistical Treatment of the Data
19
3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
20
4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
30
Summary of Findings
30
Conclusion
31
Recommendation
31
REFERENCES
33
APPENDICES
36
CURRICULUM VITAE
64
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
1
2
3
Page
Weight Capacity of both Control
and Experimental Group
21
Significant Difference between the
Weight Capacity of the
Experimental Set-ups
25
Significant Difference between the Weight
Capacity of the Control Set-up
and Experimental Set-ups
27
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Page
1
Paradigm of the Study
8
2
Model Design of the Study
13
3
Vicinity Map of Renzo Village,
Visayan Village, Tagum City
14
4
Bar Graph of Weight Capacity
Among the Control and
Experimental Set-ups
22
1
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Background of the Study
Population is rapidly growing nowadays. According to the census
figures from (Trading Economics) as of 2017, the latest population of the
Philippines was estimated 104.9 million people. Only 1.37% of the world’s
population is represented in the Philippines. Together with the rapid
growth of population is the growth of residencies established and most of
these residences made use of roof. This study was conducted to produce
cheap but durable roofing made out of plastic waste materials and
pulverized eggshells.
According to and article from Roof Cost Estimator, a typical
architectural asphalt shingle roof will cost between $3.50 and $5.50 per sq.
ft. to install across the US. This price range normally includes the cost of
materials, removal of the old roof (up to 1 layer), dumpster and disposal
fees, permitting fees, professional installation, and workmanship warranty.
A new asphalt shingles roof for a typical 2,000 square feet single-story ranch
house can range in price from $8,500-$16,500 installed. Expenses may differ
contingent upon your locale and home's area, the roof’s slope and number
of stories, overall complexity of the roof, the number of layers of the old
2
shingles to be removed and disposed of, type of underlayment and
accessories used, and any warranties or guarantees the contractor offers.
Obviously, getting a rooftop substitution is costly. (Graves, 2018)
According to Inquirer Philippines, leaking in roofs is a standout
problem amongst the most disregarded zones at home, it’s one of the
problems that are hardest to ignore when it develops trouble. Uy asserts that
for GI roofs, rust and mechanical wear and tear caused by climate, and even
by falling fruits of the tree branches, can cause real marks and breakage of
the roof. (Salazar, 2014)
According to an interview conducted by the researchers regarding the
commonly encountered roof problem with a 5th year civil engineering
student, Twelcy Ann Paniamogan, she mentioned about breakage and rust
which is usually due to choosing a steel type of roofing. She also added that
in housing communities or subdivisions, the gap between the ceiling and
the ground is so minimal and it results to poor ventilation for the house.
This study was conducted to produce cheaper but more durable
roofing and at the same time helping to preserve nature and keeping the
environment clean. This study will be helpful for families with residencies,
the government and the future researchers.
3
Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of this study was to determine the durability of
roofing made up of plastic waste materials mixed with pulverized eggshells
for the production of durable but cheap roofing.
To fully test and understand the extent of this study, specific
parameters were established:
1. What is the level of weight capacity in the following setups with
different amounts of Pulverized Eggshells (PES)?
a. HDPE with 0g PES
b. HDPE with 352g PES
c. HDPE with 500g PES
d. HDPE with 850g PES
2. Is there a significant difference in the level of weight capacity in the
control and experimental setups?
3. Is there a significant difference in the level of weight capacity among
the experimental setups?
4. Which among the following setups would be the best mixture for
stronger roofing?
4
Hypotheses
1. There is no significant difference in the level of flexural strength in
the control and experimental setups
2. There is no significant difference in the level of flexural strength in
the experimental setups
Review of Related Literature
This portion of the study presents the review of different articles that
are related to the study that was being conducted. This review of rselated
literature provides supporting details for the independent and dependent
variables.
Eggshells. According to the study on Egg Shell Concrete with Partial
Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash (IJERT, 2015), it was found that addition
of fly ash along with eggshell powder (ESP) is beneficial for improved
performance of concretes. It was also found that in compressive strength,
density and workability decreased with addition of ESP to concrete. While
workability and density increased with addition of fly ash to optimum ESP
concrete, no change was found in compressive strength. (H. Ravi Kumar et
al., 2016)
In addition to this, eggshells are also used in a study as an effective
component in making tiles. Eggshell powder and cements were weighed
5
and mixed with H2O (water) in three (3) different ratios. Impact resistance
test is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimentation by
dropping the product in different measures on meters from the ground
respectively for three (3) trials. The study was proven successful after
passing the impact resistance test. (Estigoy et al., 2003)
High-density Polyethylene (HDPE). According to an article from
AZO Cleantech, HDPE is the most accepted kind of plastic at recycling
centers in the world. It is because recycling HDPE has many benefits, it is
more cost efficient to produce a product from recycled HDPE than to
manufacture “virgin” plastic. (Thomas, 2012)
In addition to this, it was also mentioned in an article from Plastics
Make it Possible, HDPE is impact resistant and it is super strong. It was also
said that it is weather resistant, and it’s easily molded into nearly any shape,
providing one of the primary benefits of most plastics: malleability.
(Professor Plastic, 2018)
Roofing. Roof is an important part of a home and it is the primary
protection as from the weather. It is important that the quality of the roofing
materials protecting that investment. Good class roofing products are those
that can last a long time, have a great warranty to back them, and can make
6
our homes be kept from the elements while looking catchy to the eyes of
others on the of the house.
In another article about roofing, it is stated that metal roofing also has
some disadvantages. One of these disadvantages is it can easily attract
lightning owing to the fact that metal itself is truly known as a very good
conductor of electricity. In reality, the moment when lightning strikes, it will
always find an object at its highest point and it has a direct path to the
ground. (Thiele, 2017)
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
This part provides theories that will support the study. These theories
are gotten from reliable sources.
This study was anchored on a study presented in the International
Conference on Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy,
Environment and Sustainability, in Beirut Lebanon, the researchers have
successfully demonstrated that it is possible to manufacture roof tiles from
recycled high-density polythene (HDPEr) and sand dune. (Seghiri et al.,
2017), stated in their conclusion that based on their experiments, the density
decreases with the increase of the HDPEr ratio that gives the polymer tile to
a light weight material. The polymer roof tile containing 70% HDPEr with
7
30% sand dunes gives the best quality. According to the results, the polymer
roof tile has a potential to be used as a clay roof tile.
In addition, plastic tiles for roofing are made with 30% plastic waste
and 70% sand. The discarded plastic comes in many forms and types and
have various melting points. Separating all this material can be a rather
lengthy and expensive operation. But, in the case of recycled plastic roof
tiles, this mixture can be processed without the need for separation thanks
to the experimentation of a dedicate engineers. For the manufacture of
plastic roof tiles, the material is separated into hard and soft material, diced
into small pieces, combined and then melted. This plastic mixture is blended
with sand and a colorant and melted again. The resultant blend is then
molded into tile shapes and cooled. These recycled plastic roof tiles will
wear longer than metal roofing and there is no asbestos padding involved.
The addition of sand to the mix gives these tiles considerable durability and
it is environmentally safe and does not emit harmful substances. (PolimerKrovlya, 2018)
8
Control
Setup
Roofing made
out of HDPE
[
Experimental Setup
25% of
pulverized
eggshells
40% of
pulverized
eggshells
Observation/ Data Gathering
in the experiment
Post-Analysis of Results
Comparison of Plastic Waste
Materials
Weight Capacity
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study
60% of
pulverized
eggshells
9
The figure illustrates the flow of the experiments that are to be
conducted. Control setups were set aside while experimental setups were
applied with different amounts of pulverized eggshells (PES). After the
application of PES and the production of roofing, each of the experimental
and control setups undergone Weight Capacity Test in order to determine
the weight capacity of the samples and which among them is the most
durable sample.
Significance of the Study
This study determines the weight capacity of plastic waste materials
and eggshells mixture as roofing. This investigation would be a piece of a
significant breakthrough to the following:
Homeowners. The researchers believe that this investigation will help
the homeowners to have an alternative affordable and durable roofing to
protect, shelter, and defend from the heat, rain and etc.
Government. Also, it will help the government to be informed of the
researchers’ investigation, so that it will be implied and be used essentially.
Students. This investigation will likewise inspire and empower the
students to make new conceivable things, arrangements and advancements
that will be helpful to conserve our environment.
10
Future researchers. This investigation will help the future researchers
to in conducting other related investigations and researches about the
qualities of plastic waste material and eggshells mixtures as roofing.
Definition of Terms
For clarification purposes, the following terms related to the study are
defined conceptually and operationally:
Eggshells. According to (Cambridge English Dictionary, n.d.) the
hard, outer covering of an egg. In this study, it was powdered and it served
as our independent variable.
Polymer. A polymer is a chemical compound with large molecules
made of many smaller molecules of the same kind. Some polymers exist
naturally and others are produced in laboratories and factories. (Collins
Dictionary, 2008). In this study, polymer is emphasized as a chemical
compound of plastic.
Weight Capacity Test. According to Caster Concepts, weight
capacity test is the generally primary test used to consider choosing the right
caster or application of foundation. Exceeding the maximum weight
capacity may result to failure and damage. (Reynolds, 2016) In this study, it
is used to test and determine the weight capacity of the roof sample
products.
11
Plastic Waste. According to (J&K Pollution Control Board, 2012), the
general common term for wide range of synthetic or semi synthetic organic
amorphous solid materials derived from oil and natural gas. In this study,
it was used as one of the independent variables.
High-density Polyethylene (HDPE). According to Sciencing, HDPE
is a strong type of plastic which can be easily molded. It is usually used to
make plastic storage containers for milk and detergent. (Mentzer, 2018) In
this study, it is the specific type of plastic used as one of the independent
variables.
12
Chapter 2
METHOD
This chapter deals with the description of the research design being
used, the research subjects, the research instruments, procedure in
gathering, statistical treatment of the data to be used in this study.
Research Design
The Posttest-Only Control Group Design of a true experimental
design will be used in this study. It is a type of design wherein there are two
set-ups, one of them has received the treatment or intervention and one has
not, and the data will be gathered after the treatment or intervention. (Frey,
2018). In his design the experimental group is exposed to a treatment and
both groups are measured afterwards. (Insights Association, 2018)
Figure 2 presents the model of Posttest Only Control Group Design.
There were control and experimental set-ups where treatments or
intervention will only be applied on the experimental set-ups and not on the
control set-up. The first experimental set-up with 352g powdered eggshells
was represented by AX, the second experimental set-up with 500g of
pulverized eggshells was be represented by AY, and the last experimental
set-up with 850g powdered eggshells was represented by AZ. The control
13
set-up will be represented by AC, all of the set-ups both control and
experimental used three replications.
Experimental Set-up
X
RA
AX1
AX2
AX3
AY1
AY2
AY3
AZ1
AZ2
AZ3
___________________________________________________________________________
Control Set-up
AC1
AC2
AC3
Figure 2. Model Design of the Study
Research Subject
The subjects of this study were the roof composed of plastic waste
materials mixed with pulverized eggshell (PES) to extend the durability of
the roof. The plastic waste materials were collected within the extent of the
City of Tagum and the Eggshells were collected from the Egg Waffle (kwekwek) Vendors within the City’s premises and then crushed in Blk.4, Lt.2,
Renzo Village, Tagum City. Plastics came from the public’s waste that has
been disposed from the chicken fast food chain and houses, while the type
of eggshell that will be used is the chicken eggshells from the Egg Waffle
(kwe-kwek) Vendors in Tagum City.
These components were carefully melted and crushed to get the
appropriate product result. The desired amount of melted plastic are well
14
balanced along with the pulverized eggshell (PES) using weighing scale by
kilogram. The kilogram is the SI base unit of mass. It is currently defined by
the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram. (National Physical
Laboratory, n.d.)
Research Locale
This experiment was conducted in block 4, lot 2, Renzo, Tagum City,
a residential subdivision, located at Barangay Visayan, Tagum City, Davao
del Norte, Philippines. The roof sample was generated and will be kept for
two (2) hours in a molder until its cooling stage. The roof samples were
molded in a molder and were stored besides the house premises.
Figure 3. Vicinity map of Renzo Village, Visayan Village, Tagum City,
Davao del Norte
15
Instruments and Materials
The instruments and materials that the researchers used in this
research are the following:
1.
Plastic – This was used as the primary component of the roof.
2.
Pulverized Eggshell (PES) – This was used as the additives of the roof
to maintain durability.
3.
Mortar and Pestle – This was be used to powder the Balut Eggshell.
4.
Molder - This was used as roof shaping tool.
5.
Cauldron – This was used in melting the Plastic waste materials.
6.
Metal Ladle – This was used to stir the melted plastic and powdered
eggshell.
7.
Weighing Scale – This was used to measure the mass of the HDPE and
the Eggshell.
8.
Wood – This was used as the source of fire for melting the plastic.
Experimental Procedures
This portion contains the different procedures that was done in
conducting this study. Procedures are arranged in chronological order and
was done in 3 weeks.
16
A. Plastic Roof Making
The following were the steps in producing plastic roof.
I.
For the Control Set-up:
1. HDPE Plastic waste materials were collected within the vicinity
of Tagum City and were gathered in the houses of the
researchers in large and organized containers.
2. HDPE Plastic waste materials were weighed 1.4kg and were
melted on a large ass pot at its melting point.
3. The melted HDPE plastic was placed on a molder for roof tile
sample which is 2 feet by length and 1 foot by width.
4. When the plastic is already formed, the roof sample was
removed from the molder and white spray paint was applied
on the plastic roofing.
The following were the steps in producing plastic roof with eggshells
powder.
II.
For the Experimental Set-ups:
1. Eggshells were collected within the vicinity of Tagum City and
were gathered in the houses of the researchers in organized
containers.
2. Eggshells were dried under the heat of the sun until it is dry.
17
B. Making Plastic Roof Mixed with Powdered Eggshell
1. Procedure A was repeated and 352g of pulverized eggshell was
added while plastic waste materials are being melted and were
mixed thoroughly.
2. The mixture was placed on a molder for roof tile sample which
is 2 feet by length and 1 foot by width.
3. When the plastic is already formed, the roof sample was
removed from the molder, placed randomly inside the house
premises and this served as the 1st experimental set-up.
4. Procedure A was repeated and 500g of powdered eggshell was
added while plastic waste materials are being melted and was
mixed thoroughly.
5. The mixture was placed on a molder for roof tile sample which
is 2 feet by length and 1 foot by width.
6. When the plastic is already formed, the roof sample was
removed from the molder, placed randomly inside the house
premises and this served as the 2nd experimental set-up.
7. Procedure A was repeated and 825g of powdered eggshell was
added while plastic waste materials are being melted and was
be mixed thoroughly.
18
8. The mixture was placed on a molder for roof tile sample which
is 2 feet by length and 1 foot by width.
9. When the plastic is already formed, the roof sample was
removed from the molder, placed randomly inside the house
premises and this served as the 3rd experimental set-up.
C. Weight Capacity Test
The following steps were the steps in testing the flexural strength of
the dependent variable which is the plastic roofing.
I.
For Control Set-up and Experimental Set-ups:
1. The sample of plastic roof from the control set-up was placed
on two equidistant posts in 1.5 ft.
2. A container is filled with sand and this served as the load
material for the test.
3. Load was placed on the plastic roof sample. Each load weighs
9 kg. Another load will be added every after five (5) seconds.
4. When it reaches four (4) loads, the weight of load to be added
was reduced.
5. A load of 2 kg was added subsequently until the plastic roof
sample reaches its breaking point.
19
Statistical Treatment of the Data
The data of the study was computed and interpreted accordingly.
These statistical tools function to quantify the results and find differences
among the measurements of variable.
Mean. The mean is the average of the numbers: a calculated "central"
value of a set of numbers. To calculate mean, add up all the numbers, then
divide by how many numbers are given. (Math is Fun, 2018) This treatment
will be used to determine the average flexural strength of the three
replications. This was used to answer statement of the problem no. 1 and 4.
ANOVA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an analysis tool used in
statistics that splits the aggregate variability found inside a data set into two
parts: systematic factors and random factors. The systematic factors have a
statistical influence on the given data set, but the random factors do not.
(Investopedia, 2018) This was used to determine significant difference in the
application of additive. This was used to answer the problem no. 3.
T-test. A t-test is an analysis framework used to determine the
difference between two sample means from two normally distributed
populations with unknown
variances.
(Investopedia, 2018) This was
used to answer problem no. 2 about the significant difference of control and
experimental set-ups according to weight capacity.
20
Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this chapter, the researchers present the results and analysis of the
data gathered from the experimentation of plastic waste materials and
eggshells in the school year 2018-2019. The quantitative results derived from
the improvised testing were organized and tabulated for subsequent
analysis and interpretation.
Plastic roofing samples were analyzed according to improvised
weight capacity test through kilograms (kg). After which, an experiment
was conducted to compare the control set-ups with the experimental set-ups
wherein different amounts of pulverized eggshells were added to the HDPE
respectively in three (3) replications using Post-test Only Control Group
Design.
Additionally, each table has its corresponding discussion on the
descriptive interpretations gathered from the experiment and were
interpreted through the researchers’ series of observation.
Weight Capacity of both the Control
And Experimental Set-ups
Table 1 presents the weight capacity of roofing samples in the control
and experimental set-up. The table indicates the level of weight capacity of
21
Table 1
Weight Capacity of both Control and Experimental Group
Replications
Setup
1
2
3
Mean
Readings in kilograms (kg)
Control Setup
38.365
38.365
38.365
38.365
Experimental 1
(HDPE with
25% PES)
29.365
48.5
58
45.29
Experimental 2
(HDPE with
40% PES)
51
75
75
67
Experimental 3
(HDPE with
60% PES)
158
123
123
134.67
22
Figure 4
Bar Graph of Weight Capacity Among the
Control and Experimental Set-ups
Figure 4 represents the average weight capacity of each roof sample
in both the control and experimental set-ups in the form of bar graph. The
average of the samples is read in kilogram (kg). Same data from Table 1 is
encoded to Figure 4.
This indicates that experimental set-up 3 which has the greatest
amount of pulverized eggshell (PES), has the highest level of weigh
capacity.
23
plastic waste roofing in four (4) samples. The average of the samples
httttttttttttttttghas the reading in kilogram (kg).
As shown in table 1, the average weight capacity of plastic waste
roofing in the control set-up was 38.365kg. All the three (3) samples in the
control setup have the same amount of weight to hold.
As also shown in table 1, the average weight capacity of plastic waste
roofing in the experimental setup is 45.29kg. Among the three (3)
replications, the third sample has the greatest amount of weight to hold with
58kg, followed by the second sample which can hold 48.5kg, and lastly, the
first sample which can hold 29.365kg.
The average weight capacity of plastic waste roofing in the
experimental setup is 67kg. Among the three (3) replications, both the
second and third samples has the greater amount of weight to hold with
75kg and the first sample can hold 51kg.
Lastly, the average weight capacity of plastic waste roofing in the
experimental setup is 134.67kg. Among the three (3) replications, both the
second and third sample has the lesser amount of weight to hold with 123kg,
and the first sample has the greater amount which is 158kg.
24
Difference of the Weight Capacity of Plastic
Waste Roofing Between the
Experimental Set-ups
Table 2 shows the results of the quantity of significant difference in
the weight capacity of the experimental set-ups. The table only used the unit
of kilogram (kg). As seen in the table, experimental set-up 3 (plastic waste
material with 60% of pulverized eggshells) had the greatest amount of
weight to hold among the group which can hold 134.67kg, followed by
experimental set-up 2 (plastic waste material with 40% of pulverized
eggshells) which can hold 67kg of weight, and lastly was the experimental
set-up 1 (plastic waste material with 25% of pulverized eggshells) which can
hold 45.67kg. The computed F-value is 8.25 which has higher amount than
the tabulated F-value of 4.30, also, it has a P-value of 0.001 which means that
the null hypothesis was rejected and was found to be significant at alpha
0.5. This states that there is a great difference between the experimental setups.
Moreover, eggshells are efficient as an additive for the durability of
roofing because it contains Calcium and vitamin D3. Calcium is the most
important nutrient for eggshell development and it has an efficient amount
in every eggshell depending on the nutrients that an egg need. Vitamin D3
is also needed because it increases the rate in which Calcium can get
25
Table 2
Significant Difference between the Weight Capacity of the
Experimental Set-ups
F-value
@ a=0.5
Experimental Mean
Set-ups
(kg)
P-
Decision
on Ho
Decision
on
Difference
Rejected
Significant
Computed Tabulated value
Experimental
Set-up 1
(HDPE with 38.365
25% of PES)
Experimental
Set-up 2
(HDPE with
67
40% of PES)
Experimental
Set-up 3
(HDPE with 134.67
60% of PES)
24.05
5.14
0.001
26
through to provide the nutrients needed for an egg. Both elements play large
roles in making an eggshell strong. The components of an eggshell are the
main reason why the eggshells are strong (Patrick Biggs, 2018)
Difference of the Weight Capacity of Plastic
Waste Roofing between the Control
And Experimental Set-ups
Table 3 presents the difference between the percentage of increase or
decrease of the weight capacity of both control and experimental group. The
average of each of the parameters with its reading in kilogram (kg) was also
provided in the table.
Paramount to this, table 3 shows the mean result of the control set-up
and the experimental set-up. The control set-up had the average of 38.365
kg, while the experimental set-up 1 (plastic waste materials with 25% of
pulverized eggshells) had the mean of 45.29 kg, then the experimental setup 2 (plastic waste materials with 40% of pulverized eggshells) had the
mean of 67 kg, and lastly, the experimental set-up 3 (plastic waste materials
with 60% of pulverized eggshells) then had a mean of 134.67 kg.
Furthermore, on the difference between the control set-up and the
experimental set-up 1 (plastic waste materials with 25% of pulverized
eggshells), then it was shown that the computed T-Value 0.82 is lesser than
27
Table 3
Significant Difference between the Weight Capacity of the Control Setup and Experimental Set-ups
T-value
@ a=0.05
Set-ups
Mean Computed Tabulated
P-
Decision
Decision
on
on Ho
Difference
value
Control Set-up
Experimental
Set-up 1
(HDPE with 25
5 of PES)
Control Set-up
Experimental
Set-up 2
(HDPE with
40% of PES)
Control Set-up vs. Experimental Set-up 1
38.365
0.82
4.30
.50
Accepted
45.29
Not
Significant
Control Set-up vs. Experimental Set-up 2
38.365
3.58
4.30
.07
Accepted
67
Not
Significant
Control Set-up vs. Experimental Set-up 3
Control Setup
Experimental
Set-up 3
(HDPE with
60% of PES)
38.365
8.25
134.67
4.30
.01
Rejected
Significant
28
the tabulated T-Value of 4.30; thus, having a P-Value of 0.15 fully indicates
that it accepted the null hypothesis and was not significant.
Moreover, on the difference between the control set-up and the
experimental set-up 2 (plastic waste materials with 40% of pulverized
eggshells), then had a computed T-Value of 3.58 which is lesser than
tabulated t-value of 4.30 with a P-Value 0.07 implies that the null hypothesis
was accepted the difference was not significant.
Whereas, on the difference between the control set-up and the
experimental set-up 3 (plastic waste materials with 60% of pulverized
eggshells), then it was shown that the computed t-value of 8.25 was higher
than its tabulated t-value 4.30 and a P-Value of 0.01 clearly entails that the
null hypothesis was rejected, and its difference was significant.
As a final point, two (2) of our experimental set-up were accepted and
were found to be not significant at a=0.05 and the last set-up was rejected
and was found to be significant at a=0.05.
According to International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology (IJRASET), calcium rich egg shell is a poultry waste
with chemical composition nearly same as that of limestone. Use of eggshell
waste instead of natural lime to replace cement in concrete can have benefits
29
like minimizing use of cement, conserving natural lime and utilizing waste
material. (Dhanalakshmi et al., 2015)
30
Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Presented and discussed in this chapter were the summary,
conclusions and recommendations of this experimental research study.
Summary of Findings
1. The mean of weight capacity test of plastic roof in control set-up is
38.365kg.
2. The mean weight capacity of plastic roof in the sample with 25% of
pulverized eggshells was 45.29kg, 67kg in the sample with 40% of
pulverized eggshells, and 134.67kg in the sample with 60% of
pulverized eggshells.
3. When analyzed through weight capacity test between the control setup and experimental set-ups after the application of the pulverized
eggshells, the null hypothesis was accepted in the control set-up in
contrast with plastic roof with 25%, 40%, and 60% pulverized
eggshells since the computed p-value of 0.01 was greater than 0.05.
The null hypothesis was rejected in the control set-up vs. plastic roof
with eggshells.
31
4. The best mixture for stronger roofing among the set-ups was the
experimental set-up with 60% of pulverized eggshells, since it can
hold the total mean average of 134.67kg.
Conclusion
Based from the findings of the study, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1. After the experimentation, the weight capacity of experimental setups is higher than the control set-up.
2. There is a significant difference in the weight capacity in the
experimental set-up.
3. There is a significant difference in the mean of weight capacity
between the control and experimental set-up.
4. The set-up that has the highest capacity with the mean value of
134.67kg was the experimental set-up 3 which was the plastic roof
with 60% pulverized eggshells.
Recommendations
Based on the results and conclusions of this study, the researchers
suggest the following recommendations:
32
1. It is recommended to use a molder with enough size and even
thickness in order for to achieve a roof sample with specific shape
and accurate thickness, and this will help us to have more accurate
results.
2. It is recommended to use a large and wide cauldron to have an
enough space to melt the plastic waste materials.
3. It is recommended to have a constant heat with 180 degrees
Celsius to properly melt down the plastics thoroughly.
4. It is recommended to have a proper place to conduct the
experiment to avoid unnecessary commotions like unexpected
rain, etc.
5. It is recommended to use HDPE plastic 2, to have high density
plastic.
33
References
Advanced Roofing, (2018, August 24). Advanced Roofing Ontario Home
Improvements. Retrieved from http://advancedroofingontario.com:
http://advancedroofingontario.com/blog/why-do-quality-roofingmaterials-matter/
Ametek. (n.d.). Ametek Sensors, Test & Calibration. Retrieved from
www.ametektest.com:
https://www.ametektest.com/learningzone/testtypes/flexuralstrength-testing
Cambridge English Dictionary. (n.d.). Cambridge English Dictionary.
Retrieved
from
dictionary.cambridge.org:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/eggshell
Collins
Dictionary,
(2008).
Collins.
Retrieved
from
www.collinsdictionary.com:
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/polymer
Dhanalakshmi et al. (2015). A Comparative Study on Egg Shell Concrete
with. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering,
20.
Estigoy et al. (2003). Eggshells as an Effective Compoent in Making Tiles.
Zamboanga City: The Science and Technology Information Network
of the Philipines .
Frey, (2018). SAGE Research Methods. Retrieved from methods.sagepub.com:
http://methods.sagepub.com/Reference//the-sage-encyclopediaof-educational-research-measurement-and-evaluation/i16244.xml
34
Graves, (2018, June 5). Roof Cost Estimator. Retrieved
www.roofcostestimator.com:
https://www.roofcostestimator.com/roof-replacement-cost/
from
H. Ravi Kumar, et al. (2016). International Journal of Engineering Research
& Technology (IJERT). In J. Athina, Utilization of Egg Shell Powder
(ESP) and M-sand for Suntainable Construction (p. 707). Texas:
http://www.ijert.org.
Insights Association, (2018). Insights Association. Retrieved
www.insightsassociation.org:
https://www.insightsassociation.org/issuespolicies/glossary/post-test-only-control-group-design
from
Investopedia,
(2018).
INVESTOPDEIA.
Retrieved
www.investopedia.com:
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/anova.asp
from
J&K Pollution Control Board, (2012). J&K Pollution Control Board. Retrieved
from
http://jkspcb.nic.in:
http://jkspcb.nic.in/Content/Plastic.aspx?id=230
Math is Fun, (2018). Math is Fun. Retrieved from www.mathisfun.com:
https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/mean.html.
Mueller, (2017, May 22). The McCrone Group. Retrieved
www.mccronegroup.com:
https://www.mccrone.com/mm/mallard-duck-eggshell/
from
National Physical Laboratory, (n.d.). NPL. Retrieved from www.npl.co.uk:
http://www.npl.co.uk/si-units/kilogram/
35
Patrick Biggs, (2018). Your Guide to Strong Eggshells. Retrieved from
www.purinamills.com:
https://www.purinamills.com/chickenfeed/education/detail/your-guide-to-strong-eggshells
Polimer-Krovlya, (2018, February 08). WPC DECK. Retrieved from
http://upskillnj.org:
http://upskillnj.org/wall-panel/5565-howmade-roof-tile-from-recycled-plastic-and-sand.html
Salazar,
(2014,
June
7).
Inquirer.net.
Retrieved
from
http://business.inquirer.net:
http://business.inquirer.net/172349/10-ways-to-avoid-costly-roofrepairs
Seghiri et al. (2017). The Possibility of Making a Composite Material from Waste
Plastic . Beirut Lebanon: Elsevier Ltd.
Testing, (2016, November 2). APICA. Retrieved from apica.com:
https://www.apicasystems.com/blog/load-testing-vs-stresstesting-vs-capacity-testing/
Thiele, (2017, November 03). The Spruce. Retrieved from thespruce.com:
https://www.thespruce.com/the-dangers-of-metal-roofing-115274
Thomas,
(2012,
July
25).
AZO
Cleantech.
Retrieved
www.azocleantech.com:
https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=255
from
36
Appendix A
Preparation of Materials Needed
Collection of Eggshells
Preparation of Molder
Drying of Eggshells
Preparation of
Cauldron and Wood
Crushing of Eggshells
Washing of HDPE
37
Appendix B
Experimentation Processes
Weighing of Eggshells
Weighing of HDPE
Melting of HDPE
38
Appendix C
Test for Weight Capacity
Control Set-up
HDPE with 25% of
Pulverized Eggshells
HDPE with 40% of
Pulverized Eggshells
HDPE with 60% of
Pulverized Eggshells
Preparation of the
product for Testing
Placing of Load on
Roof Sample
Done Testing the
Product
39
Appendix D
Letter to Conduct the Study
St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc
Tagum City
______________________________________________________________________________
January 15, 2019
OLIVER T. AUTOR, Sr.
Purok Chairman
Renzo Village, Prk. Cogon, Visayan Village, Tagum City
Dear Chairman:
Praised be Jesus and Mary! Now and forever.
We are the Grade 12 students of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics from
the Senior High School at St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. At the moment, we are
conducting a Quantitative-Experimental Research entitled, “DETERMINING THE
WEIGHT CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC WASTE
MATERIALS AND EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING”.
Anent to this, we would like to request on your approval to allow us to seek assistance in
the Blk. 4, Lt. 2, Renzo Village, Prk. Cogon, Visayan Village, Tagum City for the washing
and melting of plastic waste materials, and preparation and pulverization of eggshells
that we will use in the fulfillment of our experimentation.
We believe that you are one with us in our desire of achieving our educational goals.
Thank you very much for giving us the opportunity to pursue this study through your
support.
Sincerely,
SOPHIA THERESE B. AUTOR
Group Leader
Concord:
Endorsed:
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Adviser
ELEANOR C. AGUILLON, MAEd
SHS Focal Person
S. MA. FRANCISCA MAÑIBO, RVM
IBEd Principal
Approved:
OLIVER T. AUTOR, Sr.
Purok Chairman
40
Appendix E
Research Forum
41
Appendix F
Consent Form for Parents
42
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENG’G AND MATH
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT
CONSENT FORM
Sophia Therese B. Autor
I, ____________________________________________,
am aware that I must pass
the four parts of the Senior Capstone Project to receive a passing grade in the
Research/Capstone Project as well as in the Practical Research 2. I know that each
phase builds upon the previous one and while I will work simultaneously on all
phases of the project, all phases must be completed in order and according to set
deadlines. I will not be permitted to proceed to another phase of the project
without successfully completing the previous one. This means that if the assigned
work is not done within the time frame given, my Research completion and
graduation is jeopardized. It is my responsibility to complete the work, seek help
as needed and utilize the resources available.
I understand the four major phases to the senior capstone project and practical
research 2 consist of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proposal (title defense and outline defense)
Project (A physical product or community service project, that must be completed)
Presentation (A research forum to be conducted on February 15, 2019)
Portfolio (A paper documenting the entire experience in the aforementioned
course)
I understand that this is a requirement in two of the Research subjects for this
semester.
Capstone Component
Student Specifics
(to be filled up by the student)
Research paper Topic
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT
CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC
WASTE MATERIALS AND
EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
43
Product to be produced OR
Community Service to be performed
OR Performance Type
Presentation Format: Powerpoint
required and any other visuals (video
or tri-fold) to supplement the oral
presentation
ROOF
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
SOPHIA THERESE B. AUTOR
________________________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Research Adviser
Parent(s)/Guardian(s): I have read my child’s Capstone Project Specifics
above. I realize that it should be fulfilled in order for him/her to pass the said
subjects. I support my child’s proposal in fulfillment of his/her requirements. I
hereby indemnify and hold harmless St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. and its
employees for any accident, injury, or expenses that may result from participation
in the Capstone Project Process.
MARITES B. AUTOR
_________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name
44
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENG’G AND MATH
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT
CONSENT FORM
Febuamae Joy L. Dela Peña
I, ____________________________________________,
am aware that I must pass
the four parts of the Senior Capstone Project to receive a passing grade in the
Research/Capstone Project as well as in the Practical Research 2. I know that each
phase builds upon the previous one and while I will work simultaneously on all
phases of the project, all phases must be completed in order and according to set
deadlines. I will not be permitted to proceed to another phase of the project
without successfully completing the previous one. This means that if the assigned
work is not done within the time frame given, my Research completion and
graduation is jeopardized. It is my responsibility to complete the work, seek help
as needed and utilize the resources available.
I understand the four major phases to the senior capstone project and practical
research 2 consist of:
5.
6.
7.
8.
Proposal (title defense and outline defense)
Project (A physical product or community service project, that must be completed)
Presentation (A research forum to be conducted on February 15, 2019)
Portfolio (A paper documenting the entire experience in the aforementioned
course)
I understand that this is a requirement in two of the Research subjects for this
semester.
Capstone Component
Student Specifics
(to be filled up by the student)
Research paper Topic
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT
CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC
WASTE MATERIALS AND
EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
45
Product to be produced OR
Community Service to be performed
OR Performance Type
Presentation Format: Powerpoint
required and any other visuals (video
or tri-fold) to supplement the oral
presentation
ROOF
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
FEBUAMAE JOY L. DELA PEÑA
_____________________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Research Adviser
Parent(s)/Guardian(s): I have read my child’s Capstone Project Specifics
above. I realize that it should be fulfilled in order for him/her to pass the said
subjects. I support my child’s proposal in fulfillment of his/her requirements. I
hereby indemnify and hold harmless St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. and its
employees for any accident, injury, or expenses that may result from participation
in the Capstone Project Process.
MARICEL L. DELA PEÑA
_________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name
46
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENG’G AND MATH
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT
CONSENT FORM
Ivan Karl D. Tabaque
I, ____________________________________________,
am aware that I must pass
the four parts of the Senior Capstone Project to receive a passing grade in the
Research/Capstone Project as well as in the Practical Research 2. I know that each
phase builds upon the previous one and while I will work simultaneously on all
phases of the project, all phases must be completed in order and according to set
deadlines. I will not be permitted to proceed to another phase of the project
without successfully completing the previous one. This means that if the assigned
work is not done within the time frame given, my Research completion and
graduation is jeopardized. It is my responsibility to complete the work, seek help
as needed and utilize the resources available.
I understand the four major phases to the senior capstone project and practical
research 2 consist of:
9. Proposal (title defense and outline defense)
10. Project (A physical product or community service project, that must be completed)
11. Presentation (A research forum to be conducted on February 15, 2019)
12. Portfolio (A paper documenting the entire experience in the aforementioned
course)
I understand that this is a requirement in two of the Research subjects for this
semester.
Capstone Component
Student Specifics
(to be filled up by the student)
Research paper Topic
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT
CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC
WASTE MATERIALS AND
EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
47
Product to be produced OR
Community Service to be performed
OR Performance Type
Presentation Format: Powerpoint
required and any other visuals (video
or tri-fold) to supplement the oral
presentation
IVAN KARL D. TABAQUE
______________________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name
ROOF
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Research Adviser
Parent(s)/Guardian(s): I have read my child’s Capstone Project Specifics
above. I realize that it should be fulfilled in order for him/her to pass the said
subjects. I support my child’s proposal in fulfillment of his/her requirements. I
hereby indemnify and hold harmless St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. and its
employees for any accident, injury, or expenses that may result from participation
in the Capstone Project Process.
ROSIE D. TABAQUE
_________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name
48
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENG’G AND MATH
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT
CONSENT FORM
Josipino B. Malaki
I, ____________________________________________,
am aware that I must pass
the four parts of the Senior Capstone Project to receive a passing grade in the
Research/Capstone Project as well as in the Practical Research 2. I know that each
phase builds upon the previous one and while I will work simultaneously on all
phases of the project, all phases must be completed in order and according to set
deadlines. I will not be permitted to proceed to another phase of the project
without successfully completing the previous one. This means that if the assigned
work is not done within the time frame given, my Research completion and
graduation is jeopardized. It is my responsibility to complete the work, seek help
as needed and utilize the resources available.
I understand the four major phases to the senior capstone project and practical
research 2 consist of:
13. Proposal (title defense and outline defense)
14. Project (A physical product or community service project, that must be completed)
15. Presentation (A research forum to be conducted on February 15, 2019)
16. Portfolio (A paper documenting the entire experience in the aforementioned
course)
I understand that this is a requirement in two of the Research subjects for this
semester.
Capstone Component
Student Specifics
(to be filled up by the student)
Research paper Topic
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT
CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC
WASTE MATERIALS AND
EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
49
Product to be produced OR
Community Service to be performed
OR Performance Type
Presentation Format: Powerpoint
required and any other visuals (video
or tri-fold) to supplement the oral
presentation
JOSIPINO B. MALAKI
_____________________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name
ROOF
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Research Adviser
Parent(s)/Guardian(s): I have read my child’s Capstone Project Specifics
above. I realize that it should be fulfilled in order for him/her to pass the said
subjects. I support my child’s proposal in fulfillment of his/her requirements. I
hereby indemnify and hold harmless St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. and its
employees for any accident, injury, or expenses that may result from participation
in the Capstone Project Process.
PRESCILA MALAKI
_________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name
50
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENG’G AND MATH
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT
CONSENT FORM
Hannah Mae B. Mijares
I, ____________________________________________,
am aware that I must pass
the four parts of the Senior Capstone Project to receive a passing grade in the
Research/Capstone Project as well as in the Practical Research 2. I know that each
phase builds upon the previous one and while I will work simultaneously on all
phases of the project, all phases must be completed in order and according to set
deadlines. I will not be permitted to proceed to another phase of the project
without successfully completing the previous one. This means that if the assigned
work is not done within the time frame given, my Research completion and
graduation is jeopardized. It is my responsibility to complete the work, seek help
as needed and utilize the resources available.
I understand the four major phases to the senior capstone project and practical
research 2 consist of:
17. Proposal (title defense and outline defense)
18. Project (A physical product or community service project, that must be completed)
19. Presentation (A research forum to be conducted on February 15, 2019)
20. Portfolio (A paper documenting the entire experience in the aforementioned
course)
I understand that this is a requirement in two of the Research subjects for this
semester.
Capstone Component
Student Specifics
(to be filled up by the student)
Research paper Topic
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT
CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC
WASTE MATERIALS AND
EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
51
Product to be produced OR
Community Service to be performed
OR Performance Type
Presentation Format: Powerpoint
required and any other visuals (video
or tri-fold) to supplement the oral
presentation
ROOF
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
HANNAH MAE B. MIJARES
________________________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Research Adviser
Parent(s)/Guardian(s): I have read my child’s Capstone Project Specifics
above. I realize that it should be fulfilled in order for him/her to pass the said
subjects. I support my child’s proposal in fulfillment of his/her requirements. I
hereby indemnify and hold harmless St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. and its
employees for any accident, injury, or expenses that may result from participation
in the Capstone Project Process.
GEMMA MIJARES
_________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name
52
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENG’G AND MATH
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT
CONSENT FORM
Rex Brianne B. Burgos
I, ____________________________________________,
am aware that I must pass
the four parts of the Senior Capstone Project to receive a passing grade in the
Research/Capstone Project as well as in the Practical Research 2. I know that each
phase builds upon the previous one and while I will work simultaneously on all
phases of the project, all phases must be completed in order and according to set
deadlines. I will not be permitted to proceed to another phase of the project
without successfully completing the previous one. This means that if the assigned
work is not done within the time frame given, my Research completion and
graduation is jeopardized. It is my responsibility to complete the work, seek help
as needed and utilize the resources available.
I understand the four major phases to the senior capstone project and practical
research 2 consist of:
21. Proposal (title defense and outline defense)
22. Project (A physical product or community service project, that must be completed)
23. Presentation (A research forum to be conducted on February 15, 2019)
24. Portfolio (A paper documenting the entire experience in the aforementioned
course)
I understand that this is a requirement in two of the Research subjects for this
semester.
Capstone Component
Student Specifics
(to be filled up by the student)
Research paper Topic
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT
CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC
WASTE MATERIALS AND
EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
53
Product to be produced OR
Community Service to be performed
OR Performance Type
Presentation Format: Powerpoint
required and any other visuals (video
or tri-fold) to supplement the oral
presentation
ROOF
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
REX BRIANNE B. BURGOS
________________________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Research Adviser
Parent(s)/Guardian(s): I have read my child’s Capstone Project Specifics
above. I realize that it should be fulfilled in order for him/her to pass the said
subjects. I support my child’s proposal in fulfillment of his/her requirements. I
hereby indemnify and hold harmless St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. and its
employees for any accident, injury, or expenses that may result from participation
in the Capstone Project Process.
MARIA ESTELLA BURGOS
_________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name
54
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENG’G AND MATH
RESEARCH/CAPSTONE PROJECT
CONSENT FORM
Julius B. Romanillos
I, ____________________________________________,
am aware that I must pass
the four parts of the Senior Capstone Project to receive a passing grade in the
Research/Capstone Project as well as in the Practical Research 2. I know that each
phase builds upon the previous one and while I will work simultaneously on all
phases of the project, all phases must be completed in order and according to set
deadlines. I will not be permitted to proceed to another phase of the project
without successfully completing the previous one. This means that if the assigned
work is not done within the time frame given, my Research completion and
graduation is jeopardized. It is my responsibility to complete the work, seek help
as needed and utilize the resources available.
I understand the four major phases to the senior capstone project and practical
research 2 consist of:
25. Proposal (title defense and outline defense)
26. Project (A physical product or community service project, that must be completed)
27. Presentation (A research forum to be conducted on February 15, 2019)
28. Portfolio (A paper documenting the entire experience in the aforementioned
course)
I understand that this is a requirement in two of the Research subjects for this
semester.
Capstone Component
Student Specifics
(to be filled up by the student)
Research paper Topic
DETERMINING THE WEIGHT
CAPACITY OF HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC
WASTE MATERIALS AND
EGGSHELLS MIXTURE AS ROOFING
55
Product to be produced OR
Community Service to be performed
OR Performance Type
Presentation Format: Powerpoint
required and any other visuals (video
or tri-fold) to supplement the oral
presentation
ROOF
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
JULIUS B. ROMANILLOS
________________________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name
EDGIE BOY B. TADENA, LPT
Research Adviser
Parent(s)/Guardian(s): I have read my child’s Capstone Project Specifics
above. I realize that it should be fulfilled in order for him/her to pass the said
subjects. I support my child’s proposal in fulfillment of his/her requirements. I
hereby indemnify and hold harmless St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc. and its
employees for any accident, injury, or expenses that may result from participation
in the Capstone Project Process.
RUFINA ROMANILLOS
_________________________________________________________
Parent/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name
56
64
CURRICULUM VITAE
SOPHIA THERESE B. AUTOR
Address: Blk. 4, Lt. 2, Renzo Village, Prk. Cogon, Visayan Village, Tagum
City, Davao del Norte
Email Address: theresepia05@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Citizenship
Religion
: 18
: October 05, 2000
: Tagum City
: Single
: Filipino
: Protestant
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : Magugpo Pilot Imelda Elementary School SPED Center
Address
: Sobrecarey St. Tagum City
Year Graduated : 2013
65
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : Tagum City National High School
Address
: Mangga, Visayan Village, Tagum City
Year Graduated : 2017
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School
: St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
Address
Norte
: Daang Maharlika Highway, Tagum City, Davao del
Track
: Academic Track
Strand
: STEM
CLUBS/ORGANIZATIONS
Club
Position
School Year
Performance Arts Guild
Member
2017-2018
Board of student Representatives
Member
2017-2018
Ignatian Marian Society of
STEM Students
Vice President
2018-2019
Performance Arts Guild
Member
2018-2019
Board of student Representatives
Treasurer
2017-2018
66
CURRICULUM VITAE
FEBUAMAE JOY L. DELA PEÑA
Address: Purok 9 Siocon Compostela, Compostela Valley Province
Email Address: febmaedelapena@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Citizenship
Religion
: 17
: February 9, 2001
: Tagum City
: Single
: Filipino
: Roman Cotholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : Siocon Elementary School
Address
: Siocon Compostela, Compostela Valley Province
Year Graduated : 2013
67
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : Sawata National High School
Address
: St. Niño, San Isidro, Davao del Norte
Year Graduated : 2017
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School
: St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
Address
: National Highway, Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Track
: Academic Track
Strand
: STEM
CLUBS/ORGANIZATIONS
Club
Position
School Year
Sci-Math Club
Member
2017-2018
Sci-Math Club
Member
2018-2019
Ignatian Marian Society of
STEM Student
Member
2018-2019
68
CURRICULUM VITAE
IVAN KARL D. TABAQUE
Address: Dara Village, Brgy. Visayan, Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Email Address: ivantabaque@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Citizenship
Religion
: 18
: December 28, 2000
: Tagum City
: Single
: Filipino
: Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : Union Elementary School
Address
: Brgy. Mankilam, Tagum City
Year Graduated : 2013
69
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : Tagum City National High School
Address
: Mangga, Visayan Village, Tagum City
Year Graduated : 2017
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School
: St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
Address
Norte
: Daang Maharlika Highway, Tagum City, Davao del
Track
: Academic Track
Strand
: STEM
CLUBS/ORGANIZATIONS
Club
Position
School Year
Marian Lang Bureau
Member
2017-2018
Vocational Club
Member
2018-2019
Ignatian Marian Society of
STEM Student
Member
2018-2019
70
CURRICULUM VITAE
JOSIPINO B. MALAKI
Address: Purok 9 Siocon Compostela, Compostela Valley Province
Email Address: ixxiimcmxcix@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Citizenship
Religion
: 19
: September 12, 1999
: Tagum City
: Single
: Filipino
: Roman Cotholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : Cambanogoy Central Elementary School
Address
: Cambanogoy, Pob. Asuncion, Davao del Norte
Year Graduated : 2013
71
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : Maryknoll High School of Asuncion, Inc.
Address
: Cambanogoy, Asuncion, Davao Del Norte
Year Graduated : 2017
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School
: St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
Address
: National Highway, Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Track
: Academic Track
Strand
: STEM
CLUBS/ORGANIZATIONS
Club
Position
School Year
Red Cross Youth Club
Member
2017-2018
Red Cross Youth Club
Member
2018-2019
Ignatian Marian Society of
STEM Student
Member
2018-2019
72
CURRICULUM VITAE
HANNAH MAE T. MIJARES
Address: North Eagle Homes 3, Visayan Village, Tagum City, Davao del
Norte
Email Address: gealmijares@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Citizenship
Religion
: 18
: May 14, 2000
: Tagum City
: Single
: Filipino
: Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School :Magugpo Pilot Imelda Elementary School
Address
: Sobrecary St., Tagum City
Year Graduated : 2013
73
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : Tagum City National High School
Address
: Mangga, Visayan Village, Tagum City
Year Graduated : 2017
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School
: St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
Address
: National Highway, Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Track
: Academic Track
Strand
: STEM
CLUBS/ORGANIZATIONS
Club
Position
School Year
VOCCATIONAL
Member
2017-2018
VOCCATIONAL
Member
2018-2019
Ignatian Marian Society of
STEM Student
Member
2018-2019
74
CURRICULUM VITAE
JULIUS B. ROMANILLOS
Address: Purok 4 Apokon, Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Email Address: juliussollinamor@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Citizenship
Religion
: 18
: July 22, 2000
: Davao Regional Tagum City
: Single
: Filipino
: Catholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : Sabud Elementary School
Address
: Sabud Laak Comval Province
Year Graduated : 2013
75
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : Melale National High School
Address
: Melale Laak Comval Province
Year Graduated : 2017
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School
: St. Mary’s College of Tagum Inc.
Address
: National Highway, Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Track
: Academic Track
Strand
: STEM
CLUBS/ORGANIZATIONS
Club
Position
School Year
Sports Club
Member
2017-2018
Sports Club
Member
2018-2019
Ignatian Marian Society of
STEM Student
Member
2018-2019
76
CURRICULUM VITAE
REX BRIANE B. BURGOS
Address Monkayo Compostela Valley Province
Email Address:Cantpickany@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Citizenship
Religion
: 18
: September 07, 2000
: Montevista Hospital
: Single
: Filipino
: Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
ELEMENTARY
Name of School : Agape Christian Academy
Address
: Monkayo Compostela Valley Province
Year Graduated : 2013
77
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School : Assumption Academy of Monkayo
Address
: Monkayo Compostela Valley Province
Year Graduated : 2017
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name of School
: St. Mary’s College of Tagum
Address
: National Highway Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Track
: Academic Track
Strand
: STEM
CLUBS/ORGANIZATIONS
Club
Position
School Year
Sports Club
Member
2017-2018
Mother Ignacia Club
Member
2018-2019
Ignatian Marian Society of
STEM Student
Member
2018-2019