Abstract 1 : Introduction to present-day literature:David Lodge :Small World 1.Full name of the author/s: David Lodge 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: .small world- means to me that people in diferrent areas,cities,villages in the world are somehow similar in opinios,views... 3.First published: 1984 4.Genre : . academic romance,tone:ironic 5:Setting (when,where): 1970-1980 , RUMMIDGE ,everywhere 6.Main characters: . Persse McGarigle-narrator Morriss ZappAngelica Pabst Philip Swallow Arthur Kingfisher 7.Plot: . Percy mcgarbage was an assistant. On the conferention organised by Swallow he felt in love with american women called Angelica. Swallow was unextraordinery,unpopular and not succeful professor from english unoversity. Zapp was succesfull charismatic,handsome american professorf. Zapp and Swallow made an intership. They changed their universities-jobs, their cities,homes, their wifes.(here we can see many briliant satiric reflections). By the time Zapp became an asexual fat man .he is travelling around the world where in scientifical conferences about english literature presents the same essey all the time. Outsider Swallow became the headmaster of faculty.he started to be attractive for women.He is also travelling around the world to be on conferences .he is also trying to escape from his old wife with new nice,young girl. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: modern language,absorud-realistic style with ironic tone she held the glass up to her face as it were a flower-metafor Black hair ,fell in shinig waves to her shoulders-metafor An impertinent question-dead metafor Eyes dark as peat pools-simile WHEN April with its sweet showers has pierced the drought of March to the root-personification 9.Explain symbols: young sun- the summer is comming a gaggle of geese-geese is symbol of love 10.Theme: The art of literature has changed a lot. It is not just about recognition and success anymore.It is also about Money from grants,travelling,escaping from daily routines,families,wifes... 11.How can I connect: me, as future teacher,even if I will attend conferences I will try to not loose myself.I mean I will go there because I want to have knowledge ,to hear another points of views, to share my opinions with collegues... this will be the main priority not grants and so on. 12.My evaluation: The story has ironic tone and I really adore it.Anyway the bookcalled changing places was more interesting for me. In my point of view the book -Small world was sometimes ad absurdum which was funny but not realistic and I prefer realistic stories even if they are not so funny. Abstract 2: Social protest of the Angry Young Men: J. Wain:Mainhood. 1.Full name of the author/s: John Wain Title 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: Manhood = the title has to do with the story since manhood means: the state or period of being a man rather than a child. Man|hood – hood is a suffix. – it mean adulthood,mature = it is the same thing relationship between father and son 3.First published: 1980 4.Genre : : Short story 5:Setting (when,where): : Willison’s family , countryside set in = unspecified english town and unspecified present 6.Main characters: Rob Willison, Mr. And Mrs. Willison 7.Plot: Rob is 14 years old boy.He has problems with his heart.He is not so strong and ambitious as his father.Rob tries to satisfy his father.His father wants to give him everything what he did not have as child.The father is strcit and frustrated.Rob ´s mother takes care about healthines of her and her son too much.The father wants him to be an athlete and boxer but Rob gave up boxing. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: : simple past thense, conversational language, use of informal language „ Rob lay like a sullen corpse by the roadside“ - metaphor 9.Explain symbols: over my dead bosy = used to say that you are determined not to allow something to happen. Take a grip on yourself = start controlling your emotions when you have been very upset as fit as fiddle = in very good health 10.Theme: social problems,problems with family, influence of society, communication barrier between the parents and the son. 11.How can I connect: think there’s many families with the same problem. Lots of people have troubles with relationship and this story shows how parent’s frustrations influence children. 12.My evaluation: The tale perfectly describes how pushy parents can be. And how children feeling to be under pressure then tends to lie to make their parents happy. But a good family should discuss problems and find solutions together. Abstarct 3:Intllectual protest of the Angry Young Men:J. Osborne:Look Back in Anger 1.Full name of the author/s: John Osborne 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: Look Back in Anger- In my opinion Osborne wanted to say Jim should look back in anger.Everybody is respensile for their way of life ,for their fortune.everybody is responsible how they live their life.If we have not the best time we should not give up. 3.First published: . May 8, 1956 4.Genre :Drama 5:Setting (when,where): . Middland-large industrial town,lived in attic room. 1950´s 6.Main characters: Alison Porter- from upper class,wife of Jimmy. Jimmy Porter-graduated from the university but Works in candy stand. Nigel- Alison ´s Brother Cliff- their co-habitate Mummy Daddy 7.Plot: JImmy was upset . He did not have a good job. He has university but he has to do second-rate job.Daddy was in India .Jimmy called him colenel dedferry.Daddy was very high class. Jimmy was asking all the time why daddy came back from India .He had very luxurious life there.(he came because in 1947 all british soldiers were sent back to England). Daddy was one of the soldiers called bright uniforms-they ate home made cakes,played cricket, they were not fighting,donating their life for country,they were doing nothing, they were part of upper class of english soldiers on India. Jimmy critisse Alison ´s father –daddy.Jimmy imagine daddy ´s life in India like this.Alison parents can´t stand him. Jim hates Sundays ,beiing interrupted,everything,wife(call her terrible.Jimm hurts her emotionally and psychically.She may married him because she was from upper class.She married him simply because love is blind.They had love-hate ralationship.Jim loves her as woman but he hates her as a representative of upper class.Jim thinks that he reason why ho does not have a good job for him is society.Jim with blaming the society could not change pretty much anything..Cliff doesn ´t blame anyone. Jim did not try to find a good job.He could do some requalification course but he did not. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: language and style modern cheerful malice-euphemism if she were stamping on someone's face, and draws the curtains back with a great clatter-methaphor simple visit to the lavatory sounded like a medieval siege.-simile. 9.Explain symbols: Jimmy Porter: Jimmy-it is not name for respectable job. Porter-symbolic name,porter is name for person who Works in hotel and take care about luggage.His name pre-destine him to working class. Sundays symbolize routin,nothing much happens,just reading newspapers,drinking tea,wife is ironing,beeing interupted. 10.Theme: Jim is the angry young man ..Cliff is not .Cliff is calm and flegmatic.we can see here contrast between their personalities.Osborne needs him in the play as contrast epecially to show that Jim does not to be upset. The theme is also behavior,relationships between parents and childs with their partners... 11.How can I connect: When I do not have job or when i do not have a good job it is my problem .It is not mystake of society.. I will not blame anyone just me.I will try do gain some certificates.I will do requalification course and I will try to do some training in some company 12.My evaluation: This drama was pretty much interstening.Sometimes I found myslef in Jimm´s personality.I had to think so much about him. I was telling to myself that he should tlak to Alison more,he should pay more interest for her.I was asking myself my he did not help her forexample with ironing..Why he just complains about everything?So this drama touched my thoughts a lot. Abstract 4 :Social protest of the Working Class Novelists:A. Sillitoe:Uncle Ernest 1.Full name of the author/s: Allan Sillitoe 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: Uncle Ernest- brown symbolic dirty from another point of view it could symbolise illusions. lostUncle Ernest is kind of metaphor.He represent working class. 3.First published: 1958 4.Genre : short story 5:Setting (when,where): Urban working-class slums,after first world war 6.Main characters: Uncle Ernest Brown- his job is upholsterer(working class).this job is not well paid.He is quiet poor.He lives in subsistence level.he is dirty because there is nothing to live for. He is alone.He has psychological problem-he is isolated and he looses his social level.For example he leaves his equipement in public toilets because he is sleeping in a plece where someone could steal it. :Alma, :Joan 7.Plot: Uncle was in a war.He is a vet.He was propably in first world war and all his friends died there.that is why he did not make friends.He is afraid off loss.Lost as lost generation.He lost his illusions of the life.It was first global conflict.Ernest has serious psychological frustrate.Only place where he could go was Saloon Bar.He was just sitting there.One day he saw 2 girls there –Alma and Joan,10 and 12 years old.He bought them cakes and tea and they became a kind of friends.This friedship goes on for a while but than 2 well dress came –detectives.They told him that they had complains about him.they thought that he is deviant and paedofile.they told him :stop meeting this girls immediately or we will put you before a magistrate.They thought that he was giving them Money and hewas leading them on wrong way.Ernest stopped to meet the girls. detectives disrespect uncle.They had complains from bar customers but they did not do any research.Detectives /policemen were not sure if the complains were true or not they just treated to him as to criminals straight.Why uncle could not speak to these girls?He was just charitable.Girls called him uncle.Their dad died. Uncle interrupt with kids,it was easier.Kids does not judge him.He felt good because they nedeed him. Uncle deserves little more respect. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: language seems quiet normal,realistic,narrative structure .Author uses symbols and metaphors a lot. Uncle Ernest-metaphor Over the theatre patches of blue sky-methaphor treacherous wind lashed out-personification cigarette packets cartwheeling along unswept gutters-methaphor Having passed through the half dozen noisy people-hyperbol 9.Explain symbols: Brown- dirty 2 well dressed men-system Magistate-system,the establishment ,those in power When the policemen trated to uncle as to criminals we can feel there critic of the society 10.Theme: . Author wanted to say that system treat to working class or to vets not very well.System limits his freedom.Reader can think .What the system can do for lonely people? 11.How can I connect: I have realized that I am going to behave good to older people. They deserves respect from me. 12.My evaluation: My evaluation is very possitive just because the reader has to think .What the system can do for lonely people :build clubs for vets or individual has to help themselves...Also I adore that tale because reader has/can decide where does he stand : left wing,democrat,labourist... Abstract 5:P.Scott:The Jewel in the Crown 1.Full name of the author/s: : Paul Mark Scott 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: The Jewel in the Crown the jewel should be India itself 3.First published: 1942 4.Genre :short story 5:Setting (when,where): India,at the times of english colonisation in India 6.Main characters: Miss Crane- older teacher at mission school Mr Cleghorn- Miss Crane's superior 7.Plot: Miss Crane became some sort of heroine for her students after she stood up to rioters. In order to keep students focused,she asked for transfer. Before she leaves she attends a presentation of a picture called The Jewel in Her Crown. She knew this picture, because she had used it when she taught english in india. idealised: Casts in general not just in India but everywhere can not even stand next to each other.You can not change your level of casts,i tis writen in your ID.She is telling that around the queen are princes and farmers...-people from diffetent casts. Why so unrealistic?It is propaganda of british rule suggested that everyone is equal. Mr.Disraeli-priminister,writer in 19th century,He thought that British should colonize because they are bringing educations,religious and hygiene..He felt proud to go to India because it was his incomplishment and tactfull humulity.He wanted to be tactfull to Indians .Why ?British had India under the control and they wanted to have friendly faces?They wanted to play firends.Why? That was ther way of colonisation.They did not say we are terorist,they said: we are freedom-fighters. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: common, historical, descriptions Crimson conopy-metaphor Radiant sun-metaphor bursting out of bulgy clouds.metaphor 9.Explain symbols: : Jewel= India Angels-baroque-symbol ,god ´s consent 10.Theme: : Life of an English teacher in India through the second world war. 11.How can I connect: Miss Crane is an admirable teacher. She wants to give her students the best conditions for study even if it means beign transfered. For me as future teacher this is an inspiring character 12.My evaluation: An interesting story from the era of the world war two where author handily inserted some informations about an earlier era in India's history. Abstract 6:Escapefrom social problems to the colonial past and postcolonial present: D.Lessing: Little Tembi. 1.Full name of the author/s: Doris Lessing 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: Little Tembi- symbol of sweet little shy black boy .white lady saved his life and she take care about him as he would be her own son.When she had own childs she forget on him.It can also be a symbol of forgetting.we usually forget on people who adore us just because we do not have time. Little Tembi can be be contrast between black-native and white-colonists way of life. Symol that white people brought to colonial areas hygiene,medicene,education- good influence on colonial areas. 3.First published: 1964 4.Genre : short story 5:Setting (when,where): . farm in the south Affrica, exact time is not specified. 1795-1806 english colonisation in South Africa 6.Main characters: Jane McCluster-She had been nurse before she married. Willie McCluster-husband of Jane,He was farmer. Jane and willie were white colonist with scotish accent. (natives called them ´´good hearted one´´ they hepled to everyone,because of baby care,because she started a clinic,in winter forexamle she gave to people hot cacao...) Little tembi 7.Plot: After 2 years of marriage they could not have kids.Jane went to the city to see the doctor,she needed an operation. Little Tembi was brought to her for help.He had the hot weather sickness-greyish skin,the stomach distended.His mother thought that he will die.Jane saved him.Jane called him sweet little piccanin.Little tembi grew into shy,fat,little boy.Tembi liked to go to Jane´s house because of hug from her,because og sweet and fruits which she was giving to him and because of amused smile from Willie.Tembi became a kind of her was pet .He was a black boy. Jane said to his mother: when the rains come this year I shall also have child. Tembi was herd boy.He started with herding cattle of calf when he was 7 years old.He started with his older Brother but Brother joined the gang og older piccanins who worked with the hoe.The worked for Willie. When Jane had own childs she ignored Tembr him.i,did not have time for him. Tembi had an accident.He fall asleep and the herd run away,they ate somethong from neighbour´s property and calf mada a damage.Willie beated him. Tembi behavior is crazy .He started to pinch and steel stuff from McCluster ´s house. He did not want Money.He wanted their attention.Jane did not understand why he did all this terrible things.. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: language is modern, normal and style realistic. Sweet little piccanin-metaphor What a sweet little thing he was? -metaphor,rhetorical question. His eyes flashing-metaphor 9.Explain symbols: ..good-hearted one- symbol of polite,respectable,kind,nice ,decent person who take cares also about others. Hug-symbol of affection Smile-good relation 10.Theme: author want to show us the positive and negativ influence of british colonies on present and social problems 11.How can I connect: . when my little Brother will be crazy ,I will not give him a slap I will realise that I just want my attention . 12.My evaluation: . Really boring, I did not like it. I was ready to die when I read this.. Abstract 7:England abrouad:literature written by foreigners: K.Ishiguro: A familly supper 1.Full name of the author/s: : Kazuo Ishiguro 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: : A family supper: last family dinner together. Assence of national identity. Japanese traditions. 3.First published: 1990 4.Genre : Short story 5:Setting (when,where): : In Tokyo ( Japan ), Kamakura district 60's 70's - after WW I evening, 2 years after mother's death 6.Main characters: Kazuo Ishiguro - narrator ( son) kikuko - daughter Father 7.Plot: : Story stared when Kazuko had came home from Califronia and his fatehr told to him about mother's and his bussiness partner death. They had dinner first time after his mother death and his father prepared special dish - fugu = fish dish ( mother died because she ate this fish - symbol) His father is lonely without her wife and his children whated to leave him . 8.Language,Style,Tropes: : Story stared when Kazuko had came home from Califronia and his fatehr told to him about mother's and his bussiness partner death. They had dinner first time after his mother death and his father prepared special dish - fugu = fish dish ( mother died because she ate this fish - symbol) His father is lonely without her wife and his children whated to leave him 9.Explain symbols: " nearing the end of a sunny day" - autumn "A man of principle and honor" - his father, he did not want to live with shame. 10.Theme: . Japanese vs American culture = his father - japanese , his children - american habits - big difference between these 2 cultures . 11.How can I connect: There was a conflict between his father and them because his father did not understand that tehy want to have freedom. 12.My evaluation: : There we can see a big generation gap between father and cchildren and i think it's a big problem in this time too. parent's can't understand their children - they are more open to new things. Abstaract 8:England abroad:literature written by foreigners: S.Rushdie: The Prophet ´s Hair 1.Full name of the author/s: : Salman Rushdie 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: The Promphet's hair religion and Money 3.First published: 1994 4.Genre : short story 5:Setting (when,where): Kashmir valley in India, Shrinagan in winter 6.Main characters: Hashim - protagonist ,Atta and Huma - his children, Sheik Sin thief 7.Plot: : Moneylender Hashim found a religious relic containing a hair of the Prophet Muhammad. He didn't turn it back to the mosque - he do not want to take it back . under this influence he was motived by money and he did not see nothing except his family only this. His son Atta tried to take it back but he lost it. Huma hires thief SHeik Sin. In the end of story he kileld his children and himself too 8.Language,Style,Tropes: : Unique style of writing, satire,Myth & fantasy duty was clear – personofication his poor mind had been dwelling-personification painfully beautiful girl – oxymoron 9.Explain symbols: Hair symbolizes religion . 10.Theme: : deals with religion, wealth, crime 11.How can I connect: : there we can see how person can be blinded by money and another things. i think i will never prioritize this things against family. 12.My evaluation: : Author satirically attacks fundamental devoteness, but not just of Islam, fundamentalism and hypocracy generally speaking. But because of his quite oriental style of writing the story is rather difficult to understand. Reader must concentrate very carefull. Abstract 9:Excape from the social problems to exotic literature:G.Greene:Invisible Japanese gentlemen 1.Full name of the author/s: Graham Greene 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism:Invisible Japanese gentleman- How naive upper class people can be in some aspects 3.First published:1965 4.Genre : short story 5:Setting (when,where): Bentley's - restaurant in London 6.Main characters: 8 japanese men, young lady and her fiance 7.Plot: Story about girl. She is sitting in a restaurant and looking at japanese men whom are always smilling and bowing. SHe is talking with her fiance. SHe is writer snd she is about to get her 2st book published. 8 japanese men are having a fish dinner. She think she is a very good writer but publisher only wanted to print her photo with her beautiful face in the cover. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: : lot os elements = make short story modern Contrasts between japan. men and girl sarcastic comments wood panels = persinification 9.Explain symbols: Power of observation –Woman didn´t notice Japanese men Japanese gentlemen – symbolize exotic element, tropic travels Bentley (restaurant) - type of car which is very expensive and owned by snobbish people. 10.Theme: Irony in several contrasts: appearance vs harsh speaking, just left school vs wants to get married, she proposed not her fiancé; self-centeredness, upper class. 11.How can I connect: Just I can connect with story, because I know some people who have the same behaviour as young lady. They trying to do the best but only for them, not for the other. In this way they forget on people who love them and do everything because of their happiness. . 12.My evaluation: really short shory but very interesting. I couldn't believe how author could told everything in such a short shory like this. Abstrct :excape from the social problems to exotic literature:William Golding.Lord of the Flies 1.Full name of the author/s: William Golding 2.Full title of the piece and its symbolism: Lord of the Flies – the Devil 3.First published: 1954 4.Genre :novel 5:Setting (when,where): Unspecified: Indian- Pacific Ocean, Desert Island During war 6.Main characters: Ralph - is 12 and one of the older boys on the island. He has an athletic figure, full of power and health. He is the leader throughout most of the book being determined, rational, and understanding. He tries to understand the problem and the people on the island trying to give rational solutions. He symbolises a democracy . Jack - Jack is also one of the older boys and about Ralph's age. He starts as the leader of the choir boys, and develops into the leader of the hunters eventually taking over everyone on the island. He jealous of Ralph’s power He is strong, villainous, and proud perpetuating the crimes committed by the boys on the island. He cares only for his own power and not for the common good. He symbolises an anarchy. Piggy - It is only his nickname. In fact we don´t know his real name. Piggy is slightly younger than Ralph and in the weakling in the group being overweight and suffering from asthma. He is weak, smart, and friendly. He symbolises an intelligence, because of his glasses. Simon - Simon is the saint in the story. He is kind, caring and sincere. He tries to help everybody. He is the first who find out what is a monster. In the novel, he serves to bring a certain insight into the story. He is the one that seems to best understand the inner evil, and the first to understand the beast. He symbolises the Jesus. 7.Plot: Lord of the flies tells the tale of a group of British boys whose plane crashes on a deserted island in the Pacific Ocean. It looks that it is big adventure for them, cause they are without adults there. Ralph with Piggy find a conch and only who hold it can talk. Problems aside, they decide it would be best to make a fire to signal any passing ships. To do so, they use the glasses of a boy named Piggy. But there is also Jack who wants to be commander too. He also says that he would like to eat some meat not only fruits. He decides to go hunting with boys. But there is a problem. While they are hunting, the fire is dying down and they lost chance to be saved. There is an argue between Ralph and Jack. But one day they divided into two groups because some of boys wanted to be hunters. Their leader is Jack. Later boys found out that something is watching them and they started to be feared of it. Simon is a boy who finds out that the is no monster, but there is a man. But when he is coming to them, they kill him in ritual hunting dance. Piggy and Ralph stayed alone. They decided to mage assembly but Piggy was killed. Hunters started to hunt Ralph and finally when they reached him, he saw big ship and man who found them and rescued. The boys are rescued from their mock war, but we’re left with the image of the Navy’s “trim cruiser” from the real war of the adults. 8.Language,Style,Tropes: Author uses rich vocabulary, but on the other hand the whole novel is written in simple language. Metonymy - group of barbarian- boys Metaphor- The heart of civilization. Simile The tribe started to laugh like a hyena 9.Explain symbols: English cathedral choir schoolboys – microcosm Piggy, glasses: intelligence Ralph, the conch – democracy Simon – Jesus Roger – Evil,Satan Jack – anarchy The island – a microcosm, world The beast – evil residing within everyone Conch -represents democracy Head of a pig- symbolized hunting Fire- symbol of hope 10.Theme: Regression of society, difficulty of enforcing rules, psychology of children. Group of boys trying to survive on deserted island. In this novel we can see how people can lose their morality, when they are out of civilization. Collapse of civilization: transition from civilised to barbaric. Author shows that English society is not perfect as a lot of people think. 11.How can I connect: I think that this can happen also in real life. People are very influenced by situations in which they are. They transform characters especially when they are trying to save their lives. 12.My evaluation: I think that this can happen also in real life. People are very influenced by situations in which they are. They transform characters especially when they are trying to save their lives.
