Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
8
SCIENCE
Quarter 3 - Module 6
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
(Subatomic Particles and Atomic Notation)
Name of Learner: ___________________________
Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School:
___________________________
Science- Grade 8
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 3 - Module 6: Atomic Structure (Sub-Atomic Particles and Atomic Notation)
First Edition, 2021
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included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
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do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Development Team of the Module
Writer:
Myra Ann M. Alforque
Editor:
Julito R. Totao
Reviewers:
Julito R. Totao, Zyhrine P. Mayormita
Layout Artist:
Julito R. Totao, Chris Raymund M. Bermudo
Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr.
Lourma I. Poculan
- Schools Division Superintendent
- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero - Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Nur N. Hussien
- Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag
- Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Zyhrine P. Mayormita - Education Program Supervisor, Science
Leo Martinno O. Alejo - Project Development Officer II, LRMS
Janette A. Zamoras
- Public Schools District Supervisor
Adrian G. Refugio
- School Principal, Zamboanga del Norte NHS
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Region IX – Dipolog City Schools Division
Office Address:
Telefax:
E-mail Address:
Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City
Zamboanga del Norte, 7100
(065) 212-6986 and (065) 212-5818
dipolog.city@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
In this module, you will learn more about the subatomic particles- protons, electrons and
neutrons. After going through the contents of this module you will be able to:
1. Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a particular atom.
(S8MT-IIIe-f-10)
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned that the atom is the smallest unit of matter that
has the characteristics and properties of a chemical element. The atom consists of three subatomic
particles: the protons, neutrons, and electrons. A proton has a +1 electrical charge (1 unit of
positive charge). The protons are found in the center of the atom, called the nucleus. The number
of protons in an atom is defined as the atomic number (symbol Z) of the atom, which is never
changed by chemical reactions. A neutron has an electrical charge of zero. Neutrons are also
located in the nucleus of an atom, along with the protons. They have very little influence on the
chemical behavior of the atom. An electron has a -1 electrical charge. Electrons are found outside
the nucleus of an atom in regions of space called orbitals. Electrons are gained or lost during
chemical reactions. Let’s try to recall further about the location of the subatomic particles in an
atom.
Activity 1: Where Am I in the Atom?
Direction: Locate and name the sub-atomic particles using the given model below.
Use the following symbols:
Proton- (+)
Neutron- 0 Electron- (-)
Nucleus- N
1
What’s New
The table below shows the relationship between the mass number of an atom, its atomic
number, and the number of subatomic particles - protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Name of
Element
Chemical
Symbol
Atomic
No.
Mass
No.
Calcium
Zinc
Silver
Ca
Zn
Ag
20
30
47
40
65
107
Number
of
protons
20
30
47
Number of
electrons
20
30
47
Number
of
neutrons
20
35
60
The highlighted (bold) data of the table indicate that the atomic number, the number of
protons, and the number of electrons are the same (equal) for an atom of a given element.
Would it be TRUE for all of the elements in the periodic table?
What is It
A particular atom of a given element has a specific number of protons, electrons and
neutrons. How can you determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom?
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z). The
number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. The mass number
of the atom (M) is equal to the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
This can be summarized in the following.
Remember!
Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons
Mass Number = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons
Number of Electrons = Number of Protons ( for a neutral atom)
Number of Protons = Atomic Number = Number of Electrons
Using the information given, let us do the next activity.
2
Activity 2A: How many are we?
Direction: Supply the missing information using the given atomic number and mass
number for each element.
1. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does the Calcium atom have?
Name of element
Atomic number
Mass Number
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
Calcium
20
40
____________________
____________________
____________________
2. How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in the Phosphorus atom?
Name
Atomic number
Mass Number
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
Phosphorus
15
31
__________________
__________________
__________________
Atomic Notation
An alternative way of writing out the information about the number of subatomic
particles is called atomic notation. In the atomic notation, the atomic number (proton number) is
usually on the bottom left of the chemical symbol of the element. The mass number is on the top
left of the symbol.
Activity 2B.
Direction: Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons for the atoms of Magnesium,
Rubidium, Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen using the diagram below.
Mass number
Chemical symbol of
the element
Atomic number
Note: number of neutron= mass number – number of proton
1.
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
____________________
____________________
____________________
3
2.
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
____________________
____________________
____________________
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
____________________
____________________
____________________
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
____________________
____________________
____________________
3.
4.
5.
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
____________________
____________________
____________________
What’s More
To enhance your understanding in determining the number of
protons, electrons, and neutrons, do Activity 3 by filling in the correct answer on the
blank spaces in the table.
Activity 3: Fill Me In
Atomic
Mass
Number
Number
Number
Name of
Chemical
no.
no.
of
of
of
Element
Symbol
(Z)
(M)
electrons neutrons
protons
1.
2.
3.
Carbon
C
12
6
____
_____
______
4.
5.
6.
Chlorine
Cl
17
18
_____
_____
_____
7.
8.
9.
Strontium
Sr
38
88
_____
_____
_____
10.
11.
12.
Silver
Ag
108
47
_____
_____
_____
13.
14.
15.
Zinc
Zn
30
35
_____
_____
____
4
What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Count Me In
A. Complete the statement by supplying the correct number or term.
1. If a Sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons, its atomic number is (1) _____.
2. A Potassium atom with a mass number of 39 and an atomic number of 19 loses one electron
during ionization. Its number of protons is (2) _____ and its number of electrons is
(3)________.
3. If an atom has 9 protons, 9 electrons and 9 neutrons, its atomic number is (4) ______and
mass number is (5)________.
4. The (6)________ identifies the number of protons and the number of electrons for an atom
that is neutral.
5. The (7)________ is equal to the number of protons and neutrons since both are located in
the nucleus.
B. Fill in the missing data below to complete the table.
Atomic
Number
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons
Number of
neutrons
Mass
Number
H
1
1._________
2.________
3.________
4.______
Ca
5.______
6.________
20
7.________
8.______
Si
9._______
14
10.______
11._______
12.______
Element
Symbol
5
What I Can Do
Activity 5: Guess Who!
Direction: Write the name of the element (or its symbol) inside the star, given the
number of subatomic particles. Refer to the periodic table of elements.
2. ___
1. ___
I have 13 electrons,
13 protons, and
14 neutrons.
Who am I?
I have 6 electrons,
6 protons, and
6 neutrons.
Who am I?
3. ___
I have 92 electrons,
92 protons, and
146 neutrons.
Who am I?
5. ___
4. ___
I have 24 electrons,
24 protons, and
28 neutrons.
Who am I?
I have 17 electrons,
17 protons, and
18 neutrons.
Who am I?
6
The Periodic Table of Elements
Source: https://ptable.com/#Properties
7
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on the
space provided before the number.
_____1. Which of the following are the two subatomic particles found inside the
nucleus of an atom?
a.
Electrons and neutrons
b.
Protons and neutrons
c.
Electrons and protons
d.
Neutrons and nucleus
______2. An atom has 10 protons, 15 neutrons, and 10 electrons. What will be its
mass number?
a.
20
b.
10
C.
5
D.
25
_____3. If an atom has 12 protons, how many electrons must be present outside its
nucleus so that the atom remains neutral?
a.
11 electrons
b.
12 electrons
c.
14 electrons
d.
15 electrons
______4. The atom of an element is described using the following data: Z=19 and
M=40. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the atom?
a.
It has 19 electrons and 20 neutrons
b.
It has 19 protons and 19 neutrons
c.
It has 21 electrons and 19 protons
d.
It has 19 protons and 21 neutrons
_____5. An atom has an atomic number 17 and a mass number 35. Which of the
following statements is TRUE about the atom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The
The
The
The
atom
atom
atom
atom
has
has
has
has
17
17
17
18
protons and 17 neutrons
protons and 18 neutrons
electrons and 18 protons
electrons and 17 neutrons
8
_____6. Which of the following pairs of atom-X has the same number of neutrons?
a. 32
X
16
b. 16
X
8
and
30
X
16
25
and X
18
c. 30
X and
15
30
X
25
d. 18
X and
7
30
X
19
_____7. Which subatomic particles contributes the most to the mass of an atom?
a. Protons only
b. Electrons and protons
c. Neutrons and protons
d. Electrons only
_____8. Which of the following identifies an element?
a. The number of protons
b. The number of neutrons
c. Sum of protons and neutrons
d. All of them
_____9. The atomic number of a Magnesium atom is 12. Its mass number is 24.
How many neutrons are there in the Magnesium atom?
a. 12
b. 10
c. 36
d. 24
_____10.What subatomic particles of a neutral atom are directly associated with
its atomic number?
a. Neutrons
b. Protons and electrons
c. Protons and neutrons
d. Atomic mass
9
______11. In a neutral atom, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?
a.
b.
c.
d.
______12.
Protons and neutrons
Subatomic particles are equal in number
Neutrons and electrons
Protons and electrons
39
K
19
11
Based on the diagram, how many neutrons are in the K-atom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
29
19
58
20
_____ 13. Which of the following subatomic particles is neutral?
a.
b.
c.
d.
______14.
Negatron
Electron
Neutron
Proton
20.18
Ne
10
10
Based on the diagram, what is the atomic mass of this Neon atom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
_____15.
10
25
30.18
20.18
63
Cu
29
Based on the diagram, which of the following is the correct number of
electrons of a neutral Copper atom?
a. 63
b. 29
c. 92
d. 34
10
Additional Activities
Analyze the data on the table and answer the questions below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Atom
A
B
C
D
E
F
No. Of
electrons
6
6
6
7
8
7
No. Of
neutrons
6
7
8
7
6
8
No. Of
protons
6
6
6
7
8
7
Which atoms have the same mass number? (3 answers)
Which atom/s have the atomic number of 7? (2 answers)
What is the atomic number of atom B?
What is the mass number of atom D?
How many neutrons are there in atom F?
11
Answer Key Gr8 Q3 Module 6
12
References
Printed
DepEd. Science 9 Learner’s Material.2014.
Electronic Sources
“Atomic Structure”. Retrieved from
https://education.jlab.org/qa/pen_number.html
“Determining Protons, Neutrons and Electrons”. Retrieved from
http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/AtomicStructure/protneuele.htm
“Structure of an Atom”. Retrieved from
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/index.php#
:~:text=The%20number%20of%20protons%2C%20neutrons,to%20the%20nu
mber%20of%20protons. “Light Dependent Reaction”. Retrieved from
level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled-2/light-dependent-reactions
13
Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land
Here the trees and flowers bloom
Here the breezes gently Blow,
Here the birds sing Merrily,
The liberty forever Stays,
Gallant men And Ladies fair
Linger with love and care
Golden beams of sunrise and sunset
Are visions you’ll never forget
Oh! That’s Region IX
Here the Badjaos roam the seas
Here the Samals live in peace
Here the Tausogs thrive so free
With the Yakans in unity
Hardworking people Abound,
Every valleys and Dale
Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, Ilongos,
All of them are proud and true
Region IX our Eden Land
Region IX
Our..
Eden...
Land...
My Final Farewell
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost.
Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight,
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need.
Pray for all those that hapless have died,
For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain
I die just when I see the dawn break,
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
An d when t he d ar k night wr a p s t he gr av eyar d ar o un d
Wit h only t he de a d in t heir v igil t o se e
Br ea k n ot my r e p os e or t he m yst er y pr of o un d
An d p er ch anc e t ho u m ayst he ar a sa d hy mn r es o un d
'T i s I, O m y c ou nt r y, r aising a s ong unt o t hee.
My dreams, when life first opened to me,
My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high,
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free;
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.
An d ev en my gr av e i s r em em ber ed n o m or e
Unmar k' d by nev er a cr os s nor a st on e
Let t he pl ow sw ee p t hr o ugh it , t he s p ad e t ur n it o 'er
That m y ash es m ay c ar p et ear t hly f l oor ,
Bef or e int o not hi ngne ss at l ast t hey ar e bl own.
Dream of my life, my living and burning desire,
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ;
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night.
The n will o bliv i on br in g t o m e no car e
As ov er t hy v ales an d plai ns I swe ep;
Thr o b bing an d cle ans e d in t hy s pac e an d air
Wit h col or an d light , wit h s ong an d l ame nt I f ar e,
Ev er r e pe at ing t he f ait h t hat I ke ep.
If over my grave some day thou seest grow,
In the grassy sod, a humble flower,
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power.
My F at her lan d a d or ' d, t hat s adn es s t o m y s or r ow le n ds
Bel ov e d Fili pin as, h ear no w my la st go o d - by!
I giv e t hee all: par ent s an d kin dr e d an d f r ien ds
For I g o wher e no slav e bef o r e t he op pr ess or ben ds,
Wher e f ait h c an nev er k ill, an d G o d r eign s e' er on hi gh!
Let the moon beam over me soft and serene,
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes,
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ;
And if on my cross a bird should be seen,
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes.
Far ew ell t o y o u all, f r o m my s o ul t or n a way,
Fr ien ds of my chi ldh o o d in t he h om e di s po ss es se d!
Giv e t han ks t hat I r est f r om t h e wear i so me da y!
Far ew ell t o t hee, t o o, swe et f r ien d t hat lig ht ene d my way;
Bel ov e d cr e at ur es al l, f ar ewell ! In d eat h t her e is r est !
I Am a Filipino, by Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain
future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of
meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of performing
my obligation to the future.
I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of
ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes
rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to sea in
ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I see
them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind,
carried upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in the free abundance
of new land that was to be their home and their children’s forever.
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed
that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance.
In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to
battle against the first invader of this land, that nerved Lakandula
in the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and
Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor.
The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my
manhood, the symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds
that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen many thousand
years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the
insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.
I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The
East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance,
was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering
across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of
the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and in its struggles for
liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I also know that the East
must awake from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has
bound his limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give
that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge
that has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries, and it
shall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears
when first they saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes,
of the battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from
Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing:
“I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom
shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my
children and my children’s children—forever.”
14