Chemistry
The Particle Nature of Matter
Third Quarter
Content Standards:
The learners demonstrate understanding of the particle nature of
matter as basis for explaining properties, physical changes, and
structure of substances and mixtures.
Performance Standards:
The learners should be able to present how water behaves in its
different states within the water cycle.
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the
particle nature of matter. S8MT-IIIa-b-8
Objectives:
• Describe common properties of matter.
• Identify the physical properties of matter and
list several common physical properties of
substances.
• Classify the physical properties as observable and
measurable physical properties.
A branch of Science that deals with the
study of matter; its properties,
composition, characteristic, structural
changes that matter undergoes and the
energy that is being released or observed
during such changes.
5 Branches of Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry: The study of carbon and its compounds; the study of the
chemistry of life
Inorganic Chemistry: The study of compounds not covered by organic
chemistry; the study of inorganic compounds, or compounds that don't contain a
C-H bond (many inorganic compounds contain metals)
Analytical Chemistry: The study of the chemistry of matter and the
development of tools to measure properties of matter
Physical Chemistry: The branch of chemistry that applies physics to the study
of chemistry, which commonly includes the applications of thermodynamics and
quantum mechanics to chemistry
Biochemistry: The study of chemical processes that occur inside of living
organisms
The Particle Nature Matter
Matter is anything that takes up
space and has mass.
The word matter comes from the Latin word
“materia”, meaning “material” or “stuff”
The only thing that wouldn’t be matter would be energy
(sunlight, heat, electricity).
- no mass or volume so they can’t be matter!
01.
Physical
Properties
of Matter
Observable and Measurable
Physical Properties of Matter
Physical property is a property that can be observed
without changing the identity of the substance.
Examples:
 viscosity
 conductivity
 malleability
 hardness
 magnetism
 melting point
 boiling point
 density
 Color
 Ductility
Examples of Physical Property:
Viscosity of a substance is its resistance
to flow.
Examples: water = low viscosity
honey = high viscosity
Conductivity is a material’s ability to
allow heat to flow.
Examples: metal = high conductivity
wood = poor conductivity
Examples of Physical Property:
Malleability of a substance is
its ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
Melting and Boiling points are the temperatures at
which a solid becomes a liquid and a liquid becomes
a gas.
Density of a substance is the ratio of its
mass compared to its volume.
Physical Properties to separate mixtures
Two common separation methods:
Filtration – process that separates
materials based on the size of their
particles.
Distillation – process that separates
the substances in a solution based on
their boiling points.
Examples of Physical Property:
Solubility - The ability to dissolve in
another substance.
Example: Sugar or salt dissolve in water
* Three ways to increase solubility:
- Heat or make warmer
- Grind or smash
- Stir or mix
Observable and
Measurable Physical
Properties
02.
Chemical
Properties
of Matter
Chemical Properties of Matter
A chemical property of matter describes a substance
based on its ability to change into a new substance with
different properties.
 Combustibility
 Flammability
 Reactivity
 Acids
 Bases
 Oxidation
Chemical Properties of Matter
 Can be observed with your senses.
 Are Not as easy to observe as physical properties.
Example:
Flammability – Only when wood burns
Combustibility – Only when fireworks explode
Reactivity – Only when iron
Oxidizes (rust)
Chemical Properties of Matter
 Chemical property is any ability to produce a change in
the composition of matter.
Flammability
Material’s ability to burn in
the presence of oxygen.
Chemical Properties of Matter
 Chemical property is any ability to produce a change in
the composition of matter.
Reactivity
How readily a substance
combines chemically with other
substances.
Chemical or Physical Property?
1.
Paper is white
Physical Property
2.
3.
Boiling point of H2O is 100oC
Physical Property
Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid and creates hydrogen gas
Chemical Property
4.
5.
Nitrogen does not burn
Chemical Property
Sulfur smells like rotten eggs
Physical Property
Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Substance/Matter
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Helium
Less dense than air
Nonflammable
Wood
Grainy texture
Flammable
Hydrogen
Less dense than air
Flammable
Baking soda
White powder
Reacts with vinegar to
produce bubbles
Powdered sugar
White powder
Does not react with vinegar
Rubbing alcohol
Clear liquid
Flammable
Red food coloring
Red color
Reacts with bleach and loses
color
Iron
Malleable
Reacts with oxygen
5 Physical
States of
Matter
5 Physical
States of Matter
1. Bose Einstein Condensate
2. Solid
3. Liquid
4. Gas
5. Plasma
Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Exist at extremely cold
temperatures (around absolute
zero or -460 oF) which are
achieved by scientists in labs
• Particles are super unexcited
• Particles lock or “clump”
together so firmly that they
move as a single unit
• Definite shape and volume (?)
Solid
 Particles are tightly
compact
 Particles vibrate without
the ability to move freely
 Definite shape and volume
 Solid Animation
Liquid
• Particles are tightly compact,
but able to move around
close to each other
• No definite shape, but
definite volume
• Liquid Animation
Gas
• Particles can easily spread
out or move close together
• Particles move freely and
with a lot of energy
• No definite shape or volume
• Gas Simulation
Plasma
• Exist at extremely high
temperatures (several million
degrees celsius)
• Particles are broken apart
• Particles move freely and with
extremely high energy
• This form is not too common on
earth, however it is the most
common form of matter in the
universe
• No definite shape or volume (?)
• Examples: florescent and neon
lights, lightning, aurora borealis
Why do you think this is the
most common form/state of
matter in the universe?
Energy and the
States of Matter
 The physical states of matter result from the amount of
energy the particles composing the matter have.
Basically, more energy means more movement for the
particles and less energy means less movement.
 Energy/Temperature and Matter Simulations
 PhET
 BEC: Temperature and Absolute Zero
If you were to compare an ice cube and the steam created
from boiling water, which would you think has more energy?
States of Matter
Continuum
What about this continuum
could be considered a little
misleading?
State the Phase
of the following
illustrations…
Plasma
B.E.C.
Solid
Liquid
Gas