NAME:__________________________________________
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________
11
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS
IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Semester I/II – Week 3 and 4
The Emergence
of the Social Science Disciplines
CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES – Grade 11
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Semester I/II - Week 3 and 4: The Emergence of the Social Science Disciplines
First Edition, 2020
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Lesson 1
The Emergence
of the Social Science Disciplines
MELC: Explain the major events and its contribution that led to the emergence of the Social
Science disciplines. (Week 3 and 4)
Objectives:
1. Identify the historical antecedent of each Social Science discipline.
2. Describe the different contributions that led to the emergence of social
sciences disciplines.
3. Recognize the persons who pioneered in the exploration of each social
discipline.
Let’s Try
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided before each number.
____1. He is an English cultural anthropologist and known as the father of Anthropology.
Who is being referred to by the given description?
A. Adam Smith
C. Ferdinand de Saussure
B. Edward Burnett Taylor
D. Herodotus
____2. He is the author of “Histories” which is the record of ancient traditions and culture
of Greece, Asia, and Africa. He also treated historical subjects as a method of
investigation. Who is this Greek historian?
A. Adam Smith
C. Ferdinand de Saussure
B. Edward Burnett Taylor
D. Herodotus
____3. Adam Smith wrote the “Wealth of Nations” in 1776 and he constructed an
explanation on how social behavior is regulated. What other notable contributions
did he make in the field of Economics?
A. He founded the classical school.
B. He published the book titled “The Politics.”
C. He prepared the earliest maps used in the past.
D. He advocated the application of scientific method to social life and
positivism.
____4. This discipline under Social Sciences emerged out of intellectual, scientific, and
industrial revolutions which happened in Europe in the middle of 19 th century.
What discipline is being referred to?
A. Economics
C. Psychology
B. Political Science
D. Sociology
____5. The father of this discipline is a Swiss named Ferdinand de Saussure. Further, he
posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and therefore all languages function in a
similar fashion. What discipline under Social Sciences did he pioneer?
A. Anthropology
C. Political Science
B. Linguistics
D. Psychology
1
____6. The historical foundation of this discipline is described as an ancient and honorable
field of learning with its roots firmly set in classical antiquity. The pioneer of this
discipline is a Greek geographer who became a chief librarian at the Library of
Alexandria. What is this discipline under the umbrella of Social Sciences?
A. Geography
C. Linguistics
B. History
D. Psychology
____7. Aristotle pioneered the Political Science discipline. Which of the following is his
contribution in the said field?
A. Accepted the concept that the earth is round.
B. Laid down the foundation of governance and leadership.
C. Argued that conscious mental states could be scientifically studied.
D. Advocated the application of scientific method to social life and positivism.
____8. A German psychologist who trained psychology students to make observations that
were biased by personal interpretation or previous experience and use the results
to develop a theory of conscious thought. Who is this psychologist?
A. August Comte
C. Ferdinand de Saussure
B. Herodotus
D. Wilhelm Wundt
____9. Which of the following is considered as one of the historical foundations of
Psychology?
A. It is an ancient and honorable field of learning with its roots firmly set in
classical antiquity.
B. The groundwork for professional historiography in East Asia was
established by the Han Dynasty.
C. It was once part of the many related fields of study like history,
philosophy, law, and economics.
D. It has its roots in Ancient Greek Psychology such as epistemology,
metaphysics, religion, and oriental philosophy.
____10. Which of the following is NOT a discipline under Social Sciences?
A. Anthropology, Economics, Geography
B. History, Linguistics, Political Science
C. Psychology, Sociology and Demography
D. Physical Science, Natural Science, Philosophy
Let’s Explore and Discover
Unlocking
of Difficulties
Emergence – the
process of
appearing; of
becoming known or
developing.
As you begin exploring the new lesson today, I want
you to ponder on some essential questions. Are you ready?
Great! Let us begin.
Have you ever wondered how the different disciplines
under Social Sciences emerged and who pioneered them?
Do you know the existing conditions that led to their
existence?
In this lesson, you will be able to discover the answers to these questions. The
disciplines under Social Sciences did not emerge overnight, it is a result of thorough
thinking combined with different social realities that existed in the past. You can refer to
the succeeding matrix to see the historical context that led to the emergence of each
discipline.
2
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE EMERGENCE OF EACH DISCIPLINE
DISCIPLINE/PIONEER/
CONTRIBUTIONS
ANTHROPOLOGY
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION/ BACKGROUND
✓ Traces its roots from natural history
which is the study of plants, animals,
and humans with reference to their
history and native environment.
✓ The discovery and contact to new
civilizations by European explorers and
colonizers led to curiosity and questions
of who these people are, who their
ancestors were, how they are related to
other people in other places, what
makes them distinct, what similarities
they share with the rest, how they
conduct their way of life, and what
culture they have in terms of knowledge
they possess, their beliefs, technology,
etcetera.
✓ It was only in the 19th century that the
discipline began its formative years as a
Social Science; though since the ancient
times, there were already illustrations,
chronicles, and travelogues containing
descriptions of human culture and
civilizations.
✓ It was not considered a separate
discipline until the 19th century.
✓ Greeks examined wealth accumulation
and inquired on whether property
should be in the hands of public and
private institutions.
✓ During medieval times, scholars argued
that it was a moral obligation of
businesses to sell goods at a just price.
✓ Economic though evolved through
feudalism in the Middle Ages to
mercantilist theory in the renaissance,
when people were concerned to orient
trade policy to further the national
interest.
✓ Changes in economic thought have
always accompanied changes in the
economy, just as changes in economic
thought can propel change in economic
policy.
✓ It is an ancient and honorable field of
learning with its roots from firmly set in
classical antiquity.
✓ People engaged in the study of
geography because it satisfies their
natural curiosity about foreign places
and different ways of life.
✓ The ancient Greeks made the first
contribution to the subject through
measuring the earth using grids and
meridians.
Father/Pioneer:
Edward Burnett Taylor
1832 - 1917
Contributions/Works:
✓ English, cultural anthropologist;
✓ first to hold the chair in the
subject at Oxford University in
the UK in 1896;
✓ coined the term “culture;” and
✓ wrote “Researches into the early
History of Mankind, and the
development – of Civilizations”
published in 1865.
ECONOMICS
Father/Pioneer: Adam Smith
(1723 – 1790)
Contributions/Works:
✓ Founder of Classical school;
✓ constructed an explanation on
how social behavior is regulated;
✓ saw a world where each person
sought their own self-interest,
but was constrained by morality,
markets, and government; and
✓ wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in
1776.
GEOGRAPHY
Father/Pioneer: Eratosthenes
(276 B.C. - 194 B.C.)
Contributions/Works:
✓ Greek geographer;
✓ became chief librarian at the
Library of Alexandria;
✓ accepted the concept that the
earth is round and calculated its
3
circumference to within 0.5
percent accuracy;
✓ described the known areas of the
world and divided the earth into
five climate regions;
✓ prepared the earliest maps of the
known world; and
✓ founded scientific chronology
HISTORY
✓ Influences of Ancient Greeks have
helped spawn variant interpretations of
the nature of history which have evolved
over the centuries and continue to
change today.
✓ The
groundwork
for
professional
historiography in East Asia was
established by the Han Dynasty.
✓ Through Medieval and Renaissance
periods, History was often studied
through
a
sacred
or
religious
perspective.
✓ In the west, historians developed
modern methods of historiography in
the 17th and 18th centuries, especially
in France and Germany.
✓ In the 20th century, academic historians
focused less on epic nationalistic
narratives, which often tended to glorify
the nation or great men, to more
objective and complex analyses of social
and intellectual forces.
✓ Recently, the field of digital history has
begun to address ways of using
computer technology to pose new
questions to historical data and
generate digital scholarships.
✓ It was the old Babylon who first created
linguistics texts called Sumerian.
✓ Hindus also created text called Vedas.
✓ The formal study of language began in
India.
✓ It started with the formulations of 3,959
rules of Sanskrit morphology.
✓ Early interest in language in the west
was a part of Philosophy, not a
grammatical description.
Father/Pioneer: Herodotus
(484 B.C. - 425B.C.)
Contributions/Works:
✓ Greek historian;
✓ treated historical subjects as a
method of investigation;
✓ collected historical materials
systematically and critically and
arranged them into a
historiographic narrative; and
✓ wrote “Histories” which is the
record of ancient traditions and
culture of Greece, Asia, and
Africa.
LINGUISTICS
Father/Pioneer: Ferdinand de Saussure
(1857 – 1913)
Contributions/Works:
✓ Swiss linguist;
✓ posited that linguistics form is
arbitrary and therefore that all
languages functions in a similar
fashion; and
✓ published “Memoire sur le
systeme primitive des voyelles
dans les langues indoeuropeenes.”
POLITICAL SCIENCE
✓ It was once part of the many related
fields of study like history, philosophy,
law, and economics.
✓ The theoretical and practical study of
the state and the politics began way
back to the time of the Ancient Greeks,
about 500-300 B.C.
✓ During the ancient times, men had
formed basic social linkages, inherently
Father/Pioneer: Aristotle
(384 - 322 B.C.)
Contributions/Works:
✓ Political Scientist;
✓ laid down the foundation of
governance and leadership;
4
✓ his contribution to the discourse
had brought various
philosophers to argue that
politics is not just about the
structure of a state but also
about civility, order, and
organization in a state;
✓ he said” man by nature is a
political animal;” and
✓ he wrote “The Politics.”
✓
✓
PSYCHOLOGY
✓
Father/Pioneer: Wilhelm Wundt
(1832 – 1920)
✓
Contributions/Works:
✓ German psychologist;
✓ opened the institute for
“Experimental Psychology” at
the University of Leipzig in
Germany in 1879;
✓ separated Psychology and
Physiology by analyzing the
workings of the mind;
✓ trained Psychology students to
make observations that were
biased by personal
interpretation or previous
experience and used the results
to develop a theory of conscious
thought; and
✓ wrote “Principles of Physiological
Psychology.”
SOCIOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHY
✓
persuaded by the needs to associate
themselves to protect their survival and
interests.
Families came to organize collective
unions from simple bands to more
organized associations forming a village
whose membership span to more than
a hundred that in the process ushered
the birth of a city.
The chieftain who headed a village was
chosen from the ranks of leaders with
the power to make laws, judge and
execute laws. The chieftain become a
state.
It has its roots in ancient Greek
Philosophy such as epistemology,
metaphysics, religion, and oriental
philosophy.
Its seeds were sown from natural
sciences
such
as
biology
and
physiology.
Psychology and physiology became
increasingly separated to the two
conceptions of psychology, that is
phenomenological (experiential) and
mechanistic (physiological).
✓ The
intellectual,
scientific,
and
industrial revolutions which happened
in Europe in the middle of the 19th
Century led to the development of
Sociology.
✓ The intellectual revolutions opened new
perspectives in society which offered the
people new principles, ideas, and beliefs
changing their outlooks in life and the
way they perceive themselves, their
environment, and relations with fellow
men.
✓ The scientific revolution empowered
men to overcome their natural
limitations and improve society.
✓ The industrial revolution led to rapid
progress and economic stimulus.
✓ The revolutions in Europe brought rapid
and radical changes which resulted to
social problems, issues, and social
unrest prompting some individuals to
Father/Pioneer: Auguste
(1798 – 1857)
Contributions/Works:
✓ French sociologist;
✓ Coined the term “sociology;”
✓ advocated the application of
scientific method to social life
and positivism; and
✓ wrote “Cours de Philosophie
Positive” published from 18301842 in 6 volumes.
5
direct their attention and investigation
of social phenomena.
(Source: Arthur S. Abulencia, Jefferson Sadera, Ma. Lorella C. Arabit-Zapatos, Wensley M. Reyes, Nikolee Marie A. Serafico, Discipline and Ideas in
the Social Sciences. Pasig City: Department of Education, Bureau of Learning Resources, 2017.)
Remember: It is important to know the historical context of each discipline to
recognize the efforts of different individuals that led to the emergence of different
Social Science disciplines.
Let’s Practice
Directions: Below are the father/pioneer of the different disciplines. Fill in the boxes with
their corresponding discipline and contribution in the emergence of Social Sciences.
Choose the correct answers from the list provided.
Answer List
List of Disciplines:
A. Psychology
D. Linguistics
B. Sociology
E. Anthropology
C. Political Science
F. Geography
List of Contributions/Works:
G. Wrote the “Researches into the Early History of Mankind and Development of
Civilization.
H. Prepared the earliest maps and founded scientific chronology.
I. Published “Memoire sur le systeme primitif des voyelles dans les langues indoeuropeenes.”
J. Wrote “The Politics” and laid down the foundation of governance and leadership.
K. Separated psychology and physiology by analyzing the workings of the mind.
L. Advocated the application of scientific method to social life and positivism.
Write your answers here:
FATHER/PIONEER
DISCIPLINE
1)
August Comte
CONTRIBUTION/WORK
7)
Edward Burnett
Taylor
2)
8)
Wilhelm Wundt
3)
9)
Aristotle
4)
10)
Eratosthenes
5)
11)
Ferdinand de
Saussure
6)
12)
6
Directions: Read the statements below. Write YES if it is correct and NO if incorrect.
Write your answer on the space provided before the number.
______1. Anthropology as a discipline traces its roots from natural history which is the
study of plants, animals, and humans with reference to their history and native
environment.
______2. People engaged in the study of psychology because it satisfies their natural
curiosity about foreign places and different ways of life.
______3. The intellectual, scientific, and industrial revolutions which happened in
Europe Century led to the development of Sociology.
______4. Political Science is was once part of the many related fields of study like history,
philosophy, law, and economics.
______5. The formal study of language began in Greece.
Why do you need to know the different people and their respective contributions
in the field of Social Sciences?
Let’s Do More
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to complete the correct word. Write your
answer in the boxes provided.
1. TISULIIGNSC
2. ROSIHTY
3. OOYSHCPGYL
4. AREGYOPGH
5. OIILLATCP EENISCC
6. OLCYOGIOS
7. IEONMCCSO
8. HLYOOPRTNGOA
7
Directions: Connect Column A with Column B by drawing a line.
COLUMN A
DISCIPLINE AND PIONEER
COLUMN B
CONTRIBUTION OR HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
1. Anthropology
(Edward Burnett Taylor)
2. Linguistics
(Ferdinand de Saussure)
3. Psychology
(Wilhelm Wundt)
4. Sociology and Demography
(August Comte)
5. Economics
(Adam Smith)
6. Geography
(Eratosthenes)
7. History
(Herodotus)
8. Political Science
(Aristotle)
A. Wrote “Histories” which is the record of
ancient traditions and culture of Greece,
Asia, and Africa.
B. Founder of classical thought and wrote
“Wealth of Nations.”
C. Traces its roots from natural history which
is the study of plants, animals, and humans
with reference to their history and native
environment.
D. A discipline that is once part of many related
fields such as history, philosophy, law, and
economics.
E. It was the old Babylon who first created
linguistics texts called Sumerian.
F. Wrote “Principles of Physiological
Psychology.”
G. A discipline that emerged due to intellectual,
Scientific, and industrial revolutions that
happened in Europe during 19th century.
I. Prepared the earliest maps of the known
world.
What is the importance of knowing the historical emergence of different
Social Science disciplines?
Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Complete the paragraph by writing the correct answer on the space provided.
Choose your answer here:
history
Eratosthenes
linguistics
Ferdinand de Saussure
emergence
Today’s lesson is about the _______________ of different Social Science disciplines.
These disciplines include anthropology, economics, sociology, political science, geography,
____________, psychology, and ________________. Different individuals pioneered the
development of each discipline, some of them are ______________ who is a Greek geographer
and __________________ who is a Swiss linguist. Other prominent individuals who likewise
made substantial contributions in the field of Social Sciences are Edward Burnett Taylor,
Adam Smith, Herodotus, Aristotle, Wilhelm Wundt, and August Comte.
8
Let’s Assess
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided before each number.
____1. Which of the following is NOT a discipline under Social Sciences?
A. Anthropology, Economics, Geography
B. History, Linguistics, Political Science
C. Psychology, Sociology and Demography
D. Physical Science, Natural Science, Philosophy
____2. This discipline under Social Sciences emerged out of intellectual, scientific, and
industrial revolutions which happened in Europe in the middle of 19 th century.
What discipline is being referred to?
A. Economics
C. Psychology
B. Political Science
D. Sociology
____3. He is an English cultural anthropologist and known as the father of Anthropology.
Who is being referred to by the given description?
A. Adam Smith
C. Ferdinand de Saussure
B. Edward Burnett Taylor
D. Herodotus
____4. The father of this discipline is a Swiss named Ferdinand de Saussure. Further, he
posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and therefore all languages function in a
similar fashion. What discipline under Social Sciences did he pioneer?
A. Anthropology
C. Political Science
B. Linguistics
D. Psychology
____5. The historical foundation of this discipline is described as an ancient and honorable
field of learning with its roots firmly set in classical antiquity. The pioneer of this
discipline is a Greek geographer who became a chief librarian at the Library of
Alexandria. What is this discipline under the umbrella of Social Sciences?
A. Geography
C. Linguistics
B. History
D. Psychology
____6. Which of the following is considered as one of the historical foundations of
Psychology?
A. It is an ancient and honorable field of learning with its roots firmly set in
classical antiquity.
B. The groundwork for professional historiography in East Asia was
established by the Han Dynasty.
C. It was once part of the many related fields of study like history,
philosophy, law, and economics.
D. It has its roots in Ancient Greek Psychology such as epistemology,
metaphysics, religion, and oriental philosophy.
____7. He is the author of “Histories” which is the record of ancient traditions and culture
of Greece, Asia, and Africa. He also treated historical subjects as a method of
investigation. Who is this Greek historian?
A. Adam Smith
C. Ferdinand de Saussure
B. Edward Burnett Taylor
D. Herodotus
____8. A German psychologist who trained psychology students to make observations that
were biased by personal interpretation or previous experience and use the results
to develop a theory of conscious thought. Who is this psychologist?
A. August Comte
C. Ferdinand de Saussure
B. Herodotus
D. Wilhelm Wundt
9
____9. Adam Smith wrote the “Wealth of Nations” in 1776 and he constructed an
explanation on how social behavior is regulated. What other notable contributions
did he make in the field of Economics?
A. He founded the classical school.
B. He published the book titled “The Politics.”
C. He prepared the earliest maps used in the past.
D. He advocated the application of scientific method to social life and
positivism.
____10. Aristotle pioneered the Political Science discipline. Which of the following is his
contribution in the said field?
A. Accepted the concept that the earth is round.
B. Laid down the foundation of governance and leadership.
C. Argued that conscious mental states could be scientifically studied.
D. Advocated the application of scientific method to social life and positivism.
Answer Key
LET’S TRY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
D
A
D
B
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. D
LET’S
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
PRACTICE – ACTIVITY 1
B
7. L
E
8. G
A
9. K
C
10. J
F
11. H
D
12. I
LET’S DO MORE – ACTIVITY 1
6. Linguistics
6. Sociology
7. History
7. Economics
8. Psychology
8. Anthropology
9. Geography
10. Political Science
LET’S SUM IT UP
LET’S
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PRACTICE – ACTIVITY 2
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
LET’S
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DO MORE – ACTIVITY 2
C
6. I
E
7. A
F
8. D
G
B
LET’S ASSESS
1. Emergence
2-3. Linguistics and History
4-5. Eratosthenes and Ferdinand de Saussure
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D
D
B
B
A
6. D
7. D
8. D
9. A
10. B
References
A. BOOK
Abulencia, Arthur S., Jefferson Sadera, Ma. Lorella C. Arabit-Zapatos, Wensley M. Reyes,
and Nikolee Marie A Serafico. Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences Teacher’s
Guide. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2017.
B. WEBSITE
“Emergence.” Cambridge Dictionary. Accessed April 1, 2021.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/emergence
11
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12
YES
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