Indigenous peoples Borneo Presentation 07/01/2020 Understand what the competing claim is Objectives Insight in two perspectives of indigenous peoples and the government in conservation. Dicide for yourself if you pick one side or become a mediator Indigenous peoples Borneo Dayak people • Live on Borneo (Indonesia, Malysia and Brunei) • Native people of Borneo • Subgroups • Dayak located in the southern and central interior Current situations • Over the past half century the rainforests of Borneo exploited • Lot of pressure on IPS to feed the global market “For many indigenous communities around the world, there are powerful economic incentives to sacrifice trees for timber and largescale agricultural crops to feed the world’s appetite for economic development.”(UNU,2009) • The Dayak people have preserved more than 6,000 hectares of old-growth rainforest in their 9,450-hectare customary forest • The forest is a source of freshwater, food, and renewable forest products for the community and functions as a buffer for the nearby Betung Kerihun National Park. (PAHLEVI,2019) “First, resource-dependent communities often lack resilience in the classical sense of being able to respond proactively and effectively to disturbances. Community institutions may have little capacity to make decisions about their own future which is controlled by larger-scale market and governance. Rural forest-dependent communities may be caught in the political struggle.” (Green,2013) https://youtu.be/tpbNo5k6NkI?t=306 New capital city • The president is planning to move the capital • Thousands of indigenous people may be uprooted from their ancestral lands on Borneo island • The current capital Jakarta is a crowded and polluted city on the island of Java that is slowly sinking, while Borneo is known for its forests. • Indigenous Dayaks who live in Kalimantan are struggling • KIARA, an NGO focusing on fishermen’s livelihood, noted that the capital’s relocation will affect the livelihoods of coastal communities • Indigenous people in East Kalimantan have not been consulted, and stand to lose their lands and livelihoods to make way for the new capital • "These are people who have lived there for generations. Resettlement is not a good solution, as they will be unable to make a living if they are removed from their traditional lands," Government Indonesia. Interests and economic factors. Current effects • Most of this population increase was caused by migrants other parts of Indonesia. The government’s policy of encouraging transmigration has caused the Dayaks to become increasingly marginalized in their own land. • Democratization has by and large not empowered members of this minority, as they continue to be under-represented at all levels of government and politics. • According to one estimate, more than 2.5 million indigenous peoples, including Dayaks, were displaced in Indonesia by logging and other activities in the 1970s alone. Conflicting intrests? https://youtu.be/sFpofonb0dk?t=65 Government recognised issues; false promises? • Jakarta is a polluted, congested and over-crowded city that is literally sinking into the ocean under the weight of numerous policy failures. • Jokowi has pledged to improve conditions for Indonesia’s 70 million indigenous people, although in 2016 his government had yet to implement the Court’s recommendations. Interests • Palm oil plantations, paper production and mining sites, fuelling conflict and deforestation. Mining case. • There are currently 1,190 mining licenses issued in East Kalimantan and 625 in Kutai Kartanegara, according to JATAM’s data • About 13.83 million hectares of permits have been granted and 5.2 million of them are mining permits, AMAN claimed. • Secretary General of KIARA, adding that East Kalimantan does not yet have zoning regulations on coastal areas and small islands Objectives & Observations Understand what the competing claim is Dicide for yourself if you pick one side or become a mediator Insight in two perspectives of indigenous people and the government in conservation. What are similarities between this case and the case previously presented Statements • It is a good decision to move the capital • The indigenous peoples need to understand the need of the country • The government should give a compensate to the Indigenous people • Government policy and Indigenous rights should be established before the capital transition • Divide between Indigenous people, authorities and mediators Discussion • Use examples from the Baiga tribe
