Duckweeds as Nutrients for Koi Fish Duckweeds have been fed to animals and fish to complement diets, largely to provide a protein of high biological value. Fish production can be stimulated by feeding duckweed to the extent that yields can be increased from a few hundred kilograms per hectare/year to 10 tonnes/ha/year. Mature poultry can utilise duckweed as a substitute for vegetable protein in cereal grain based diets whereas very young chickens suffered a small weight gain reduction by such substitution. Pigs can use duckweed as a protein/energy source with slightly less efficiency than soyabean meal. Little work has been done on duckweed meals as supplements to forages given to ruminants, but there appears to be considerable scope for its use as a mineral (particularly P) and N source. The protein of duckweeds requires treatment to protect it from microbial degradation in the rumen in order to provide protein directly to the animal. The combination of crop residues and fresh duckweeds in a diet for ruminants appears to provide a balance of nutrients capable of optimising rumen microbial fermentative capacity. These diets can, therefore, be potentially exploited in cattle, sheep and goat production systems particularly by small farmers in tropical developing countries. Surprisingly, the fronds of duckweed are a great source of protein! Prized pond fish, including koi and goldfish, will happily consume duckweed. These fish can be used to control the coverage of duckweed, which they can shift to as one of their primary sources of nutrition if feeding times are reduced. Leng R A, Stambolie J H and Bell R 1995: Duckweed - a potential high-protein feed resource for domestic animals and fish. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 7, Article #5. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd7/1/3.htm Aratilis Leaves (M. Calabura Leaves) as Treatment for Fungal Dermatitis among Dogs Study of various extracts of M. calabura leaves showed potential antifungal property with the presence of more potent polar antifungal compounds. Utilization of Rice Husk for the Production of Liquid Smoke Disinfectant Rice husk liquid smoke has multifunctional properties such as antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial. With this premise, this study will be conducted to determine if liquid smoke from rice husk is an effective disinfectant comparable to commercial disinfectant. Since it is organic prepared, the researcher would like to determine its chemical structure and biological activity. Duckweeds as Nutrients for Koi Fish If the amount of the duckweeds is increased, then the health status of the koi fish will be longer. Dependent variables: Health status of the koi fish Independent variables: Amount of duckweeds Aratilis Leaves (M. Calabura Leaves) as Treatment for Fungal Dermatitis among Dogs If the amount of aratilis leaves is increased then the fungal infection of dogs will heal faster. Dependent variables: Healing rate on fungal infection Independent variables: Aratilis leaves Utilization of Rice Husk for the Production of Liquid Smoke Disinfectant If the amount of rice husk liquid smoke disinfectant is increased, then the number of bacteria killed will increased. Dependent variables: Number of bacteria killed Independent variables: Amount of rice husk liquid smoke disinfectant