1
Solids, Liquids and Gases
Worksheet
1
Identifying Matter
Aims:
• To identify some examples of matter
• To state the properties of matter
Skills: Identifying, communicating
1
2
Which of these are matter? Underline them.
air
cat
girl
sunlight
shadow
tree
rock
the Moon
rice
water
heat
feather
State two properties that all matter has in common.
All matter has mass. All matter occupies space.
Solids, Liquids and Gases
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 1
1
4/26/17 2:23 PM
Worksheet
2
Does a Liquid Have a Definite Shape and Volume?
Aim: To find out whether a liquid has a definite shape and volume
Skills: Observing, measuring, communicating, inferring
What you need: Beaker, water, conical flask
1
Fill a beaker with water up to the 200 ml mark.
beaker
2
Does the water take the shape of the beaker that it fills?
Yes.
3
Record the volume of water in the beaker in the table on the next page.
4
Pour all the water from the beaker into a conical flask.
conical flask
2
Place the beaker and the
conical flask on a flat table
when reading the volume.
Make sure your eye is at the
same level as the water level.
Chapter 1
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 2
4/26/17 2:23 PM
5
What happens to the shape of the water when you pour the water
from the beaker into the conical flask?
The shape of the water changes to take the shape of the
conical flask.
6
7
Record the volume of water in the conical flask below.
Volume of water in the
beaker in ml
Volume of water in the
conical flask in ml
200
200
Are the volumes of water in the beaker and the conical flask the same?
Yes.
8
From what you have observed, conclude whether a liquid has a
definite shape and volume.
A liquid does not have a definite shape. It has a definite volume.
Solids, Liquids and Gases
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 3
3
4/26/17 2:23 PM
Worksheet
3
Measuring Temperature
Aim: To learn how to use a laboratory thermometer to measure the
temperatures of some substances
Skills: Observing, using apparatus, measuring, communicating
What you need: Laboratory thermometer, beaker, water
1
Your teacher will give you a laboratory thermometer. Look closely at
the parts of the thermometer.
glass tube
Be careful!
The thermometer can
break easily. Handle it
with care. If it breaks,
inform your teacher
immediately. Do not touch
the liquid or broken glass.
temperature scale
liquid in the
thermometer
bulb
2
4
Fill half a beaker with tap water.
Chapter 1
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 4
4/26/17 2:23 PM
3
Use the thermometer to measure the temperature of the tap water in
the beaker by following these steps:
(a)
Hold the thermometer upright with the bulb in the water.
(b)
Make sure the bulb is surrounded by the water and does not
touch the bottom of the beaker.
(c)
Position your eye at the same level as the liquid level in the
thermometer.
liquid level in the
thermometer
thermometer
tap water
4
Take the reading on the thermometer and record it below.
Temperature of the tap water = (Answer varies.) °C
5
Measure the temperature of the air in the room by holding the
thermometer upright in the air. Make sure your hand does not touch
the bulb.
6
Take the reading on the thermometer and record it below.
Temperature of the air in the room = (Answer varies.) °C
7
Is the temperature of the air in the room close to the temperature of
the tap water?
Yes.
Solids, Liquids and Gases
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 5
5
4/26/17 2:23 PM
Worksheet
4
Melting Points
Aim: To answer questions based on the melting points of some substances
Skills: Communicating, inferring
This table shows the melting points of some substances.
1
Substance
Melting point in °C
gold
1064
common salt
801
sugar
186
candle wax
68
butter
35
water
0
Which substance has the highest melting point? What will happen to
the substance at its melting point?
Gold has the highest melting point. It will start to melt or change
from a solid into a liquid at its melting point.
2
Which substance has the lowest melting point? Will it be a solid, liquid
or gas above this temperature?
Water has the lowest melting point. It will be a liquid or gas above
its melting point.
6
Chapter 1
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 6
4/26/17 2:23 PM
3
The room temperature is 25°C.
Which of the substances will be solids at room temperature? Why?
Gold, common salt, sugar, candle wax and butter will be solids at
room temperature. Their melting points are higher than the room
temperature.
4
The temperature at the surface of the Sun is about 5500°C.
hich of the substances will be solids near the surface of the Sun?
W
Why?
None of the substances will be solids near the surface of the
Sun. The melting points of these substances are lower than the
temperature at the surface of the Sun.
Solids, Liquids and Gases
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 7
7
4/26/17 2:23 PM
Worksheet
5
Temperatures of Water in Different States
Aim: To measure the temperatures of water in different states
Skills: Observing, measuring, communicating
What you need: Small glass, water, freezer, thermometer, beakers, ice cubes
or crushed ice, gas burner or spirit burner, tripod stand,
retort stand, wire gauze
8
1
Fill half a small glass with water. Leave it in the freezer to let the water
freeze.
2
As the water is freezing, take the glass out of the freezer. Use a
thermometer to measure the temperature of the freezing water.
3
Record the temperature of the freezing water in the table on page 10.
This temperature is the freezing point of water.
4
Fill half a beaker with ice cubes or crushed ice. Leave the beaker on a
table to let the ice melt.
Chapter 1
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 8
4/26/17 2:23 PM
5
Measure the temperature of the ice as it is melting.
6
Record the temperature of the melting ice in the table on the next
page. This temperature is the melting point of ice.
7
Fill half a beaker with tap water. Measure the temperature of the water
in the beaker.
8
Record the temperature of the water in the table on the next page.
9
Your teacher will boil some water and measure the temperature of the
boiling water using this set-up.
thermometer
beaker
retort
stand
boiling water
Be careful!
The water, steam
and apparatus are
hot. Do not touch
them.
wire gauze
tripod stand
gas burner
Solids, Liquids and Gases
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 9
9
4/26/17 2:23 PM
10
Record the temperature of the boiling water in the table below. This
temperature is the boiling point of water.
11
Your teacher will then hold the thermometer in the steam to measure
its temperature.
12
Record the temperature of the steam below.
13
Substance
Temperature in °C
freezing water
0
melting ice
0
tap water
(Answer varies.)
boiling water
100
steam
100
Does the water gain or lose heat during each of these changes in state?
(a)
Freezing
The water loses heat.
(b)
Melting
The water gains heat.
(c)
Boiling
The water gains heat.
10
Chapter 1
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 10
4/26/17 2:23 PM
Worksheet
6
What Are Some Changes in State of Matter?
Aim: To identify some changes in state of matter
Skills: Observing, identifying, communicating
Fill in the blanks. You may use the helping words more than once or not at all.
boiling
condensation
freezing
gaining
liquid
losing
melting
solid
gas
1
Butter on a hot pan
The butter is
gaining
solid
melting
into a
heat. It is changing from a
liquid
. This change is called
.
Solids, Liquids and Gases
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 11
11
4/26/17 2:23 PM
2
Ice on a river bank in winter
The water in the river is
liquid
freezing
into a
losing
solid
heat. It is changing from a
. This change is called
.
3
Soup in a hot pot
The water in the soup is
liquid
boiling
12
into a
gaining
gas
heat. It is changing from a
. This change is called
.
Chapter 1
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 12
4/26/17 2:23 PM
Let’s Review
Fill in the blanks.
Matter
has
can exist in
mass
•
• volume
different states
such as
solid
liquid
gas
which
can gain
to
heat and become a
which
can gain
to
heat and become a
melt
boil
to
become a
which
can lose
heat and
to
become a
condense
freeze
which has
• a definite
shape
• a definite
volume
which
can lose
heat and
which has
which has
• no definite
• no definite
shape
shape
• a definite
volume
• no definite
volume
Solids, Liquids and Gases
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 13
13
4/26/17 2:24 PM
Reflection
Tick (✔) to show how well you have learnt. Revise the Pupil’s Book section(s)
that you do not know well.
I have learnt to
Yes
Not
sure
No
Pupil’s Book
section(s)
recognise that matter has mass and
occupies space
A
recognise that solid, liquid and gas
are three states of matter
B
investigate how substances can
change in state when they gain or
lose heat
C
observe and recognise these
changes in state — melting, boiling,
condensation and freezing
C
recognise that freezing is the reverse
of melting
C
Suggestion(s) to Guide Pupils
4 Draw a temperature scale
showing the temperature at
Worksheet 4:
2 Draw a temperature scale showing the surface of the Sun and the
melting points of the different
the melting and boiling points of
substances to let pupils see
water to let pupils see what state
whether these substances will
water will be above its melting point.
3 Draw a temperature scale showing be solids near the surface of
the room temperature and the melting the Sun.
points of the different substances to
Let’s Review:
let pupils see what state these
Provide pupils with helping
substances will be at room temperature. words.
14
Chapter 1
CIE_Stage4_AB_C01.indd 14
4/26/17 2:24 PM