Chemical Bonding
Attractive force that holds ions and atoms together and stabilizes them by overall loss of energy
atoms
Ionic Bond
-
+
Covalent Bond
+
-
Formed by complete transfer
of valence electrons to attain
stability
+
Transfer
Of
Electron
Covalent
Compounds
+
Attraction
+
Nucleus
H
A covalent chemical bond
between two atoms that is
produced when one atom shares
a pair of electrons with another
atom lacking such a pair. Also
called coordinate covalent bond
H
N
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + + +
H
-
sharing
of
electrons
-
+
+
+
-
Molecule
-
Metallic Bond
+ + + +
+ + + +
H
+
+
Shared
electrons
Negative Ion
Positive Ion
-
atoms
Bonds in which two atoms
share a pair of electrons
-
Coordinate Bond
-
Bond is formed when metals
share their electrons
Hydrogen Bond
Hydrogen bond is the chemical bond
between H-atom and electronegative atom
Inter Molecular Hydrogen bonding
Intra Molecular Hydrogen bonding
O
HO
O
N
O
N
HO
p- nitrophenol
o-nitrophenol
O
(Intermolecular hydrogen bonding)
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding
Polarity of Bonds
Bond Parameters
State of atom or molecule having positive and negative charges
in case of magnetic or an electrical poles
Bond Length
Bond Length
Factors affecting
A
B
rB
rA
Polar bonds/molecules
Examples- HCl, NH3
Bond multiplicity
H
Non-polar bonds/molecules
Examples- BF3, CCl4
Cl
F
Size of the atom
Bond Angle
A bond angle is the angle
formed between three atoms
across at least two bonds.
Contribute to the shape of a molecule.
O
H
..
N
H
H
B
H
F
H
Bond Angle
Enthalpy change when one mole of bonds are broken in
a substance at 298 K.
The higher its value, the stronger the bond and the more
energy required to break it.
Atomic size
Electronegativity
Extent of overlapping
Cl
Bond Order
Number of bonds that form
between two atoms
H
H
Bond order is 1
O
O
Bond order is 2
F
F
Bond Enthalpy
Factors affecting
H
O
O
Average distance between
nuclei of two bonded atoms
in a molecule.
O
N
C
Cl
Cl
N
N
Bond order is 3
Cl