COMMUNICATION:ITS NATURE, PROCESS, TYPES AND BARRIERS
GEC 105 l PRELIM NOTES
COMMUNICATION
➔ the art and process of creating and
sharing ideas. Effective communication
depends on the richness of those ideas.
(McPheat, 2010).
➔ a continuous, ongoing process. (Oxford
University Press)
➔ is symbolic and arbitrary and allows
people to think and talk about past,
explain the present, and speculate
about the future.
➔ is used to satisfy physical, identity,
social, and practical needs.
ELEMENTS OF THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS:
1.Source- sender or one who sends the
message/s
2.Message- content/ idea
3.Encoding- process of taking your message
and transferring it
4.Channel- method of communication
5. Decoding- process of receiving the
message
6. Receiver- one who receives the message
7. Feedback- gauging the process
8. Context- general environment
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:
A. Verbal-use of language and words
● Written- e-mails, texts, letters, reports,
SMS, posts on social media platforms,
documents, handbooks, posters, flyers,
etc.
● Oral- employs the spoken word, either
direct or indirect as a communication
channel
B. Non-verbal -without the transmission of
words
Kinesics-hand, arm, body and face movements
● Haptics- handshake, hugging
● Proxemics- Close or distant; public
space,social space, personal space,
intimate space, room layout; seating
positions and arrangement
● Chronemics- Doctors may let patient
wait; businessmen rush’ flexible time for
cultures or not
● Kinesics- hand, arm, body and face
movements
● Haptics- handshake, hugging
● Proxemics- Close or distant; public
space,social space, personal space,
intimate space, room layout; seating
positions and arrangement
● Chronemics- Doctors may let patient
wait; businessmen rush’ flexible time for
cultures or not
C. Visual- through visual aids like drawings,
placards, presentations, and illustrations, etc.
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COMMUNICATION:ITS NATURE, PROCESS, TYPES AND BARRIERS
GEC 105 l PRELIM NOTES
BARRIERS FOR EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
A. Tangible Difference-Age, Gender, Use of
Language, Background
B. Intangible Difference-perception,
motivation, close-mindedness, negative
emotions
COMMUNICATION
➔ "Communis" -common
➔ essential among humans to exchange
info., share thoughts, and express
oneself.
➔ catalysts for the people to unite in
decision-making, fostering good
relationship and profound respect to one
another.
➔ Communication mode- the channel
through which one expresses his/her
communicative intent; the medium
through which one conveys his/her
thoughts (face-to-face, video or audio).
➔ The transmission may be interrupted by
many barriers, thus, affecting and
hindering the understanding of both
parties due to noise and other
subconscious non-verbal cues. More
often, non-verbal signals trigger the
process of communication.
➔ For communication to be effective,
elements must be present like:
◆ A. Speaker
◆ B. Message
◆ C. Receiver
◆ D. Channel
◆ E. Feedback
◆ F. Communicative Situation
➔ Communication, as a term, takes on
different contexts resulting
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