Unit 3 Classification
Kingdoms of the living world
Living
are sorted into groups (classified)
things
groupings
The biggest
The
are
the six
according
to how similar or
closely
related
they
are.
Kingdoms.
visible under a microscope
following three Kingdoms are all microscopiC organisms only
Absorb food from their surroundings. Can cause sickness.
Kingdom Bacteria- single-celled.
salt
Archaea- kinds of bacteria that can live in extreme places, including hot springs,
Kingdom
flats and
Kingdom
cow
intestines!
Protists
algae, diatoms, and protozoa. Mostly single-celled.
-
Some make their food
using sunlight, some consume other organisms for their food. Live in water
celled') organisms-those organisms
following three Kingdoms represent the multicelluar ('many
seen by eye:
big enough to be
(which is single-celled). Feed
Kingdom Fungi mushrooms, moulds. Multi-celled, except yeast
mostly on dead plant and animal material.
to make their Own
Plants flowering plants, mosses, ferns. Multi-celled. Use sunlight
The
-
Kingdom
-
food.
Kingdom
Animals
Get energy
Activity
Which
-
-
mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects,
by eating plants
What
am
or
Multi-celled.
other animals.
17
Kingdom do these organisms belong to?
1.
am multi-celled. I hunt birds to eat.
2.
am microscopic. I hunt for food. I live in the
3.
am single-celled. I can survive high temperatures
4.
worms.
sea.
am multi-celled. I can grow on dead plants.
5.
I have flowers and need sunlight.
6.
am single-celled. I cause food poisoning.
Classifying organisms
Each Kingdom is divided into smaller groups. The organisms within each group share increasingly
those animals that
Similar features. The largest animal group (called a Phylum) is the Arthropods all
-
have hard shells and jointed legs.
Arthropods
are
divided into 13 smaller groups (called Classes),
including lnsects, Spiders,
and
Crustaceans.
ne largest Arthropod Class is the Insects, which all have three body parts. The Insects have 29
groups (called Orders), such as bees, ants, and butterflies.
The Orderwith the most insects is the beetles, Coleoptera-all those insects with hardened
TOrewings. Beetles are divided into 166 groups (called Families), including water beetles, scarabs,
and
longhorns. Longhorn beetles are named for their long segmented feelers.
9
ESA Publications (NZ) Ltd,
Customer freephone: 0800-372 266
AO: Begin to group plants, animals, and othe Iving tungs
into science-based classifications.
names
is
A
named
10
each
moths
are
some
plunp
night (there
rest with wings
S
chrysal
AO:
Begin
to
animals,
group classifications.
plants,
into science-based
-
and other
living things
flat.
s thatfiy
pla
gn:3722200
ESA Pblications NZI
usually have dull-coloured
colours (there are some
wings for camouflage:
with little
most butterflies nav
colour).
Body shape butterlies have
smooth, slim bodies;
moths tend to have plump, furry bodies
Colour
wings folded up; moths
Flying time -butterflies fly
during the day; most
by day).
moths fly at
Resting- butterflies usually rest with their
or
moths look
organism
Lepidoptera. Butterflies and
done):
to
to
Antennae - butterflies have antennae
with knobs at the
ends; moths have feathery
antennae. This is the easiest
way to tell them apart.
Life cycle- most moth
caterpillars make a cocoon of silk;
butterflies form into a
Butterflies and moths belong to the insect Order
called
similar, but there are important differences:
are
ientific name
scientific name
and Species
for the Huhu beetle (Genus
Butterfly or Moth?
Species: reticularis
Genus: Prionoplus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum:
Kingdom:
Write in the group
Activity
head louse
Beetle
Huhu
Classify a
human
groups
unique
give a
and Species)
(Genus
P e d i c u l u s humanus
Evolution
the
For example,
The smallest
Living World
Activity
Unit 3
Classificatio
sentence to
give evidence
Butterfly or Moth?
Decide if each of the following photos shows
for your decision.
Photo 1
a
butterfly
or a
moth. Write
a
Photo 2
Kingdom Fungi
Many people think mushrooms are classified in the plant kingdom, perhaps because we call them a
"vegetable". But fungi have their own kingdom- they are not plants because they have no roots or
stems and don't use photosynthesis to get nutrients. Fungi feed on plants and animals. Mushrooms
and toadstools decompose dead material, while moulds and mildews feed on living material.
Scientists place mushrooms and toadstools in the same classification group (the Basidiomycetes)
- they are grouped together because they both reproduce using a fruiting body that drops spores.
However, people commonly think of mushrooms as being harmless and toadstools as being toxic.
Many New Zealand mushrooms are edible; some toadstools are extremely toxic.
The Death Cap toadstool is one of the world's most poisonous, and it's widespread in New Zealand. If
eaten, 30 grams can kill a person - it's credited with killing Pope Clement VIl in 1534. It's found under
oak trees and has a yellowish or greenish-white cap. It has white gills and a swollen white membrane
at ground level. Mushrooms don't have a membrane and the gills are pink or brown. Never eat
unidentified fungi.
11
ESA Publications (NZ) Ltd,
Customer freephone: 0800-372 266
animals, and other Iving things
Begin to group plants,
AC:
into science-based classitications.
Evolution
are
these
Create a wall
3
the answer under
each
True/False
True/False
fungus
animals,
AO: Begin to
group classitications
into science-based
plants,
and
other living
things
chart to
present the
family, genus,
species order, family,classification levels in the
level. Use a local
species of plant if genus, species). Divide plant
kingdom (phylum, divIsion
the class
possible.
orui
into groups to
illustrate oach
1.
fungi commonly named? Write
Group activity
2
What
Activity Identify fungi
pink gills.
5.
have
Mushrooms
4
can
New fungi grow from seeds.
3
True/False
True False
Fungi can decompose dead animals
Mould on rotting bread is a fungus.
2.
True/ False
Fungi are part of the bacterial kingdom.
1
Activity- Fungi: True or False?
Living World