Level 1:
Preconventional
(younger than 6)
Step 1: Punishment and obedience orientation.
Obey rules to avoid punishment.
Step 2: Naïve hedonism. Conform to get rewards
and to have favors returned.
Stages
The infant explores
the world through
direct sensory and
motor contact.
Object Permanence
and separation
anxiety develop
during this stage.
Step 3: Good kid morality. Conforms to avoid
Level 2:
disapproval or dislike by others
Conventional (711 years)
Step 4: Conforms to avoid censure by authorities.
Level 3:
Postconventional
(11 years on)
Step 5: Conforms to maintain communities.
Emphasize on individual rights.
Kohlberg’s Theory
of Moral Stages of
Development of the
Self
Step 6: Individual principles of conscience.
Erik Erikson
Stages
Infancy
Early Childhood
Theory of the
Psychosocial
Development of the Self
0 - 18 months
2 – 3 years
3 – 5 years
School Age
6 – 11 years
Industry vs Inferiority
Adolescence
12 – 18 years
Young Adult
Middle Adulthood
Maturity
19 – 40 years
Psychological
Theories of
Development of
the Self
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Preschool
The child can
think logically
about concrete
objects and can
thus add and
subtract. The
child also
understands
conversation.
The adolescent
can reason
abstractly and
think in
hypothetical
terms.
Formal Operational
(12 years-adult)
Concrete Operational
(6-12 years old)
Preoperational
(2-6 years old)
Trust vs Mistrust
Initiative vs Guilt
The child uses
symbols to
represent
objects but does
not reason
logically. The
child also has
the ability to
pretend. During
this stage, the
child is
egocentric
Identity vs Role Confusion
Intimacy vs Isolation
40 – 65 years
Generativity vs Stagnation
65 to DEATH
Ego Identity vs Despair
Sensorimotor
(0-2 years old)
Stages
Theory of the Cognitive
Development of the Self
Freud’s Psychosexual
Stages of
Development
Stages
Accommodation
Assimilation
Anal
Oral (Birth to
Phallic (3-6): Latency (6(15months – Primary focus is puberty):
2 years):
on genitalsPleasure from
3years):
Focused on
oral
stimulationtasting and
sucking.
Primary focus
on controlling
bladder and
bowelseliminating
/relating feces
between male
and female.
intellectual
and social
pursuits.
Jean Piaget
Learning is cause
by the blend of
Genital
(Puberty
through
Adulthood):
Sexual desires
renewed- seek
relationship
with others.