HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
REPRODUCTION
2
Overview
3
Key Questions
1. Why is reproduction an important process
for all living things?
2. How do different kinds of organisms
reproduce?
3. In what ways are the methods of
reproduction similar? In what ways are they
different?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of each type of reproduction?
4
Investigate
1. In sexual reproduction,
the offspring is _____.
2. The examples of
organisms reproducing
sexually are ____________.
1. In asexual reproduction, the
parent cell is _____.
2. The examples of organisms
reproducing asexually are
______.
Agenda
Introduction
6
Asexual Reproduction
7
Examples of Asexual Reproduction
9
Sexual Reproduction
16
Process of Fertilization
18
6
Reproduction
Is the process of
creating new
organisms from
existing individuals.
This is the basis of
heredity and the process
that enables species to
perpetuate and thrive.
Asexual
Reproduction
8
Asexual Reproduction
• Does not involve the union of
gametes.
• It is a method where an individual
can produce offspring without the
involvement of another individual
of the same species.
Examples of Asexual Reproduction
BUDDING
10
BINARY FISSION
11
FRAGMENTATION AND REGENERATION
12
SPORE FORMATION
13
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
14
10
BUDDING
Budding is a mode
of asexual
reproduction where a new
organism develops as an
outgrowth from the body of
the parent organism.
The outgrowth continues to
grow in size until it detaches
and becomes an independent
organism.
11
BINARY FISSION
Is the simplest from of
asexual reproduction and
the most common among
single-celled organism.
Involves the replication of the
genetic material and the
subsequent division or splitting
of the cell into two genetically
daughter cells
12
FRAGMENTATION AND REGENERATION
• In fragmentation, a new organism
grows from a fragment of the parent.
• The body of the parent breaks into
several pieces in a process called
autonomy
Regeneration is the ability to
grow back any missing parts
of the body.
• Occurs in simple organisms
such as planaria, starfish,
and corals.
•
13
SPORE FORMATION
• Spores are haploid unicellular
bodies that are produced as a
result of sexual or asexual
reproduction in eukaryotic
organsims such as algae,
bacteria, fungi and some
plants.
• The process of formation of
spores is referred to as
sporogenesis.
14
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
15
16
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• A mode of reproduction
that involves two parents.
• Parents produce
reproductive cells called
gametes through a type of
cell division called
meiosis.
17
Sexual Reproduction
• All the members of the
Animal Kingdom
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fish
Mammals
Amphibians
Birds
Reptiles
Insects
Crustaceans
18
Sexual Reproduction
• Requires two parents that each share ½ of the
genetic information.
• Offspring share the characteristics of each parent.
• Meiosis
19
Sexual Reproduction
• Happens 2 ways
• Internally (inside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the
female
• Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders
• Externally (outside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the
female
• The female lays the eggs and then the male
fertilizes them.
• Fish and some amphibians
• Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)
20
Advantages vs Disadvantages of Asexual
Reproduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Asexual reproduction produces
more offspring
• Asexual reproduction takes
less time
• Only one parent involved. No
searching for mates
• Requires less energy
• Same DNA being passed down
NO GENETIC VARIATION IN
THE OFFSPRING
• If parent has genetic disease
offspring will have it too
21
Advantages vs Disadvantages of Sexual
Reproduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Variation in offspring
• Organism is more protected
because of genetic variation
• Requires two organisms. Must
find a mate
• requires more cellular energy
• More time required for offspring
development
Thank
you