MUSIC THERAPY APPROACHES
Creative Music Therapy – Nordoff-Robbins
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Music-centered, not focus on verbal
Music did the therapy
Playing on instruments
Facilitating education goals
Guided Imagery Method
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Invented by Helen Bonny
Pre-recorded music invokes an image in patients head
Activates inner reflection
Used to begin as classical music
Behavioural Approach
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Music used as a reinforcement/stimulus to cue behaviour
NICU infants use music to stimulate sucking for nutrition
Creating positive or negative reinforcement (to encourage or stop certain behaviour)
Cognitive Behavioural Model
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Shifts how we perceive somethings, irrational beliefs (shift the lense)
When we believe something so strongly, it becomes a fact to us. You believe you are going to
fail because you walked underneath a ladder
Psychotherapy Approach
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Sigmund Freud creates Psychodynamic theory
Human behaviour influenced by unconscious psychological processes (internal conflicts,
impulses, desires, motives)
Explains motives behind the way we think, feel, and act, gain insight on our unconscious
conflicts
Biomedical Models
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Collaboration between music therapists and physicians, nurses, physical therapists to treat
physical/biological/neurological conditions
Unique structural and cultural properties of music can be harnessed to access brain and
behaviour functions to facilitate healing and rehabilitation
Focus on neurobiological foundations of nervous system
Strong emphasis on music participation and perception to stimulate physiological and
neurobiological processes
Neurologic Music Therapy
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Therapeutic application of music to cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunctions due to
neurological diseases in nervous system
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Evidence based approach, outcomes are measurable
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Sensorimotor rehabilitation: Rhythmic Auditory stimulation (RAS) uses rhythm to access
movement center in brain (walking in tempo)
Speech and language rehabilitation: use singing to improve speech
Cognitive Rehabilitation: structured time, tempo, rhythm of music focsus attention to
neglected visual field