MODULE WEEK NO.1 DON CARLOS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE University Logo Purok 2, Poblacion Norte, Don Carlos, Bukidnon College of Teacher Education BP 1: ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1st Semester of A.Y. 2022-2023 COURSE MODULE Introduction This module is intended for the first week of the semester on the subject, English Grammar. This consists of discussions and activities to fully grasp and comprehend the necessary knowledge, underlying English Grammar; specifically about Parts of Speech. In accomplishing this module, the students are expected to meet the intended learning outcomes and should be accomplished a week after it is given to the students. Rationale Grammar, in most sense, is one of the most vital elements in English. With grammar, one can be able to write, speak, and communicate; correctly and fluently. Having an indepth knowledge about grammar, can help avoid certain errors that can be committed with regards to the English context. Correct grammar won’t just demonstrate an extensive variety of English skills – it will also show one’s diligence and an eye for details. Grammar is part of our daily life. It is used everywhere. Thus, the need to understand and learn it wholeheartedly. Intended Learning Outcomes A. Identified different parts of speech through exercises; B. Differentiated each part of speech in varying uses and situations; and C. Written entries in their journals highlighting the parts of speech. Activity Upon trying to learn the grammatical rules of English, you’ve probably been asked to learn the basic parts of speech. But what really are the Parts of Speech? How many are they? How can they be classified? Discussion Parts of Speech The definition pertaining to the parts of speech may vary, but the most widely accepted one is: a part of speech is a category of words that serve as a similar grammatical purpose in sentences. In other words, it indicates how the word functions within a sentence, grammatically and in meaning. A word may function more than one part of a speech when used in different circumstances. So, it is essential to understand the different parts in 1 determining the correct definition of a word. Now, let’s take a look to each of the eight (8) parts of speech. 1. NOUN – names of people, places, animals, things, events, qualities, feelings, actions or ideas. Now, let’s proceed with the different (basic) kinds of nouns. COURSE MODULE a. Proper Noun – refers to specific names of people, places, animals, things, etc. When writing proper nouns in English sentences, it usually begins with capital letters in order to distinguish it from common nouns (to be discussed later). Examples: Rachel is my best friend (referring to a person). Don Carlos is my hometown (referring to a place). Lazada is where I buy most of my books (referring to a thing). b. Common Noun – refers to general names of people, places, animals, things, etc. Examples: A man and woman were spotted walking on the street without facemask (referring to persons). The children played in a park full of flowers (referring to a place). I have a dog named Brown (referring to an animal). Here are some examples of Proper and Common nouns in the same sentence. My favorite movie (common noun) is Train to Busan (proper noun). My car (common noun) is a Toyota (proper noun). Angel’s favorite fruit (common noun) is Mango (proper noun). The Principal’s house (common noun) is located at Don Carlos (proper noun). c. Concrete Noun – refers to things that exist physically and can be touched, seen, smelled, felt, or tasted. Concrete nouns are tangible. Examples: The grass in the backyard is soaking wet because of the rain. The computer in the office needed to be repaired. The aroma of the flowers flowed throughout the garden. Rachel fixed her soft beddings. d. Abstract Noun – refers to something that can’t be seen, felt, touched, and smelled. It has no physical existence. It refers to concepts, ideas, and emotions. Abstract nouns are intangible. Examples: The message of the speaker is all about love. His success was built on the foundation of hard work and discipline. My friendship with my high school friends helped me through life. Forgiveness is something we must all consider at some point of our lives. e. Count Noun – or countable nouns refers to nouns that can be counted whether singular or plural. Count nouns can precede by a number or an article: a, an, the. Examples: I drink eight glasses of water every day. I eat an apple a day to keep the doctor away. I love listening to songs while doing my assignments. I bought two boxes of disposable facemask. f. Mass Noun – or non-countable nouns refers to nouns that can’t be counted. These are nouns without plural form that is why they only have singular form. Examples: The pasta tastes so good. The information led to an arrest by the policeman. Chicken adobo is best paired with rice. The water in the glass was clear as crystal. 2 Here are some examples of countable and mass nouns in the same sentence. I put a glass (count noun) of water (mass noun) on the table. I ate a bowl (count noun) of rice (mass noun) for lunch. My sister bought two boxes (count noun) of face shield (mass noun) from the mall. I gave a cup (count noun) of salt (mass noun) to my neighbor. COURSE MODULE 2. PRONOUN – takes place on a noun. The words or word that a pronoun replaces is called the pronoun’s antecedent. Here are different types of pronouns. a. Personal pronoun – refers to short words used to replace proper names so that the writer or speaker can avoid repeating the proper names. Examples: Sue works with children and she is very gifted in that area (she replaces Sue). Dad bought a new car and it was expensive (it replaces car). The teenagers were caught walking on the street during curfew hours and they felt sorry for it (they replaces teenagers). Lex is my brother and he is well-behaved (he replaces Lex and brother). *NOTE! – Personal pronouns are divide into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd persons. 1st person – person speaking (I, we, us) - We went to the local market to buy some vegetables (1st person pronoun). 2nd person – person spoken to (you) - She went to the local market to buy vegetables (2nd person pronoun). 3rd person – person spoken about (he, she, him, her, it, they, them) - They will be on an isolation room starting today (3rd person pronoun). b. Interrogative pronoun – refers to pronouns that are used when asking questions. To interrogate a person is to ask questions (who, whom, whose, which and what). Examples: Who told you about the incident? Which came first, the chicken or the egg? What is your name? Whom did you ask? c. Possessive pronoun – shows possession, ownership or something that belongs to someone or something (mine, yours, ours, its, his, hers, and theirs). Examples: Can I use your scissors? I lost mine. The hammer is yours. They received their modules already, What about ours? The house with beautiful hanging plants is theirs. d. Demonstrative pronoun – refers to words that replace nouns and point to something specific in a sentence (this, that, these, and those). Examples: This is my favorite dress. What is that? These flower pots are expensive. I would like those, please. *NOTE! – Demonstrative pronouns are composed of Singular and Plural pronouns. Singular Demonstrative pronouns: this and that Plural Demonstrative pronouns: these and those 3 *NOTE! – Demonstrative pronouns can convey near or far in distance and time. Near in time or distance: this or these Far in time or distance: that or those Examples: COURSE MODULE This flower smells good (singular). These flowers smell good (plural). Please remove this but not that (distance). I will never forget this but that is another story (time). e. Indefinite – refers to some person or thing without being specific (any, anybody, anyone, anything, all, another, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, whoever, many, more, most, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, none, others, several, some, somebody, someone, something). Examples: Everyone was charged at the protest rally. Some became sick brought by the pandemic. I like coffee but not milk tea. Rose thinks both are great. Everything was lost during the tornado. *NOTE! – Indefinite pronouns can be singular, plural or both. f. Singular indefinite pronouns: anyone, anything, each, either, less, other, someone, something, one. Plural indefinite pronouns: both, few, many, others, several. Can be singular or plural indefinite pronouns: all, any, more, most, none, some. Relative pronouns – refers to words that relate to a noun or another pronoun in the sentence (who, whom, whose, which, that). Examples: Did you receive the parcel which came today? The man who called yesterday was from the DOH. Whom should I vote for the election? The dog that was in the backyard belongs to our neighbor. g. Reflexive pronouns – refers to words that reflex back to person and these words end in ”self” or “selves” (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves). Examples: I saw myself in the glass window. The refrigerator defrosts itself. The students went uphill by themselves just to catch signal for online class. Don’t blame yourself for the accident! 3. VERB – are words that express action. Verbs can also express states of being or conditions. In a sentence, verbs have a subject (the doer of the action) and an object (the receiver of the action). To identify verbs, you need to understand what they are and how they function. 4 Two Kinds of Verbs a. Action Verbs – are verbs that show action or ownership. Examples: Bradley walked the dog (action). David has an umbrella (ownership). b. Linking Verbs – are verbs that link the subject to a word that renames the subject. These words are often referred to as predicate nominative or adjectives. Examples: Rachel is a girl. Rachel looks beautiful. COURSE MODULE Two Functions of Verbs c. Transitive Verbs – are verbs that carry action from a doer to a receiver. Examples: Jonathan hits the ball over the fence (the ball receives the action). Rebekah writes letters to her missionary friends (the letter receives the writing). d. Intransitive Verbs – are verbs that do not carry action to a receiver; instead, these verbs complete the action themselves. Examples: Anne is a leader in her college class. Sarah looks pretty. Exercises Journal Entry # 1 On a sheet of paper, list down fifteen (15) examples of each type of speech that has been tackled already (Noun, Pronoun, and Verb), then use it in a sentence. Make sure to provide a specific type of each part of speech beside your given examples. 2 points each For example: Example:Noun 1. Mariah (proper noun) – Mariah is the name of my neighbor in our old house at Don Carlos. 2. She (personal pronoun) – Elsa bought a new pair of shoes and she was so happy. 3. is (linking verb) – Donny is a boy. Assessment Journal Entry # 2 On a sheet of paper, write an essay about the things that you have been busying with in your home during the lockdown in Bukidnon. There should be 3 parts: Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Make sure to highlight the parts of speech that you will be using. Underline the noun (__), put a zigzag line ( ) on the pronoun, and encircle ( ) the verb, below the word/s. You will be graded based on the following criteria: Correctness of highlighting Parts of Speech - 10 Grammar/mechanics/neatness Organization of thought - 10 - 5 Total: 25 points Example: My mother, Alma, loves to cook food during the lockdown. She is so good at it. 5 Reflection Journal Entry # 3 Thoughts to ponder: (5 to 10 sentences) 5 points 1. How important are Parts of Speech? Resources and Additional Resources English Club. (2020). Parts of speech. Retrieved https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech.htm from Additional Resources: COURSE MODULE Basic English Grammar (2020). Eight parts of speech. Retrieved from https://www.basic-english-grammar.com HEADS UP! Every journal entry should look like this. “If you're determined to learn, no one can stop you.” - Zig Ziglar 6
