GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY TOOL
Age Group
Infant 0-12 months
Toddler 1-3 yo
Pre-School 3-6 yo
School age 6-12 yo
Adolescent 12-18 yo
Erickson Stage
(Psycho-social
development)
Piaget Stage
(cognitive
development
Freud
(Pycho-sexual
development)
Key features of
cognitive
development
Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs
Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs
Guilt
Industry vs
Inferiority
Identity vs
Role Confusion
Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Intuitive
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
Learns world through
senses
Egocentric (“Mine”) can’t
see another point of view,
no sense of time
Cause and effect unrealistic
(broke arm because yelled
at parent). Magical
thinking. Animism
Able to think abstractly
Key features of
psychosocial
development
Trust fostered by provision
of food, clothing, touch,
comfort.
Stranger anxiety 8mo.
Separation Anxiety 8-11mo.
Sense of independence
with bodily functions. Play
side-by-side. Domestic
mimicry.
Anxiety about strange
objects. New interest-love
to take on new tasks but
can get easily frustrated
when they can't
Cause and effect more
realistic. Able to
understand another’s point
of view as long as concrete
explanation are used.
Understands concepts of
conservation, time,
reversibility
Development of new
interests. Pride in
accomplishments Key to
identify child’s competence
and build on successful
experiences to foster
Thought process more
complex. Impulsive
decisions due to hormone
changes. Identity from
peer group. Adolescent
egocentrism (can’t
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY TOOL
Object permanence 910mo.
Key Features of
physical
development
Frequent PCP visits to
assess development and
growth. Doubles weight at
6mo, triples weight by
12mo.
Posterior Fontanel closes 2
mo/Anterior closes about
18 mo. Able to make
sounds 2 mo, able to say
mama/dada by 6 mo. Able
to rollover 2-4 mo, able to
sit without assistance 6mo,
able to walk 12mo.
Increasing ability to hold
bottle and eat with hands.
(Pincer grasp develops)
Breast milk or formula for
first 6 months. Start small
amounts cereal then
different foods with same
food every few days to
avoid allergy. Breast fed
babies need vit D
supplements and often
need iron supplements at
4mo.
Less frequent visits every
few months. Autismspecific screening at the 1824mo
Protruding belly,
bowlegged, large head.
Generally adipose tissue
replaced by muscle.
Quadruples weight by 2 yo.
Walks up/down stairs c
assist. Kicks ball. Jumps c
both feet. Progressively
stacks 2-8 blocks. Able to
eat with spoon. 4 words at
1yo and >50 words at 3yo.
(Receptive language
develops faster than
expressive language) Sibling
rivalry due to
dethronement. Provide
teaching doll before birth of
new infant and provide
time for independent
activities with older child.
Start whole milk 1yo and
2% milk at 2yo
accomplish. Development
of “superego” (conscience).
feelings of mastery and
success.
understand another point
of view).
PCP visits yearly.
Progressive ability to ride
tricycle, hop on 1 foot, skip,
starting to jump rope.
Progressive ability to stack
10 blocks, lace/tie shoes,
draw letters. Speaks 3-4
word sentences, starting to
read.
Aggression often normal,
Fears common due to rich
imagination (fear of dark,
nightmares). Use nightlight
security object.
Increase fruits and
vegetable in diet-avoid
obesity. Stress safety due to
child’s initiative (helmets,
drowning, car seats, street
crossing)
PCP visits yearly. Slow
steady growth. Increased
myelinization of CNS
increased coordination and
balance. Able to jump
rope, ride 2-wheeler bike,
plays organized sports. Risk
of increased fatigue and
dehydration d/t
enthusiastic approach.
Reads/writes, increased
abstract thinking, can
discuss topics. Increased
socialization-enjoys clubs/
groups. Focus on body
image. Risk of bullying.
Requires 9-11 hours sleep.
Enjoys accomplishment so
household task assignment
important. Shed baby
teeth-malocclusion
common. Sport safety
equipment important.
Moving away from family
toward peers.
Onset of puberty=
predictable sequence of
hormonal & physical
changes occur universally
over a defined period of
time. Described by tanner
stages 1-5. Huge increase
in growth varies by child.
BMI >85th percentile
overweight, BMI> 95th
percentile obese,
BMI>99th percentile
severely obese. Need to
promote healthy food
choices with increased
iron, calcium, and protein.
At risk for depression,
anxiety, substance abuse.
Preventive
Maintenance=Risk
reduction in areas of
mental health, substance
use, sexual behavior,
violence, unintentional
injury, nutrition, physical
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY TOOL
Newborn sleep 20 hrs.
(Babies do not sleep
through night until 12
pounds)
No prone sleeping due to
SIDS.
Beginning teeth about 6mo.
Risk of choking eating
poisonous materials.
Sleep 11-12hr (+1 nap)
Rear facing car seat until
2yo.
Keep poisonous materials
out of reach. Full set 20
teeth by 33 mo.
activity and fitness, and
oral health.
Play by Developmental Stage
Age
Toys
Play Behaviors
Infant
Mobiles or moving toys
Reflexive -> Solitary play
Toddler
Life like toys – telephones, tools
Transitional objects
Push pull toys
Blocks
Large balls
Parallel play – but likes others to be present but will not
interact with when playing
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY TOOL
Preschool
Coloring books
Books
Videos
Things to encourage imagination
Associative play
School Age
Cards
Books
Puzzles (100+ pieces)
Games – video and board
Crafts
Cooperative Play
Adolescence
Radio or other music device
Video or computer games
Telephone
Social interaction – group activities
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY TOOL