REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPIES EASTERN VISAYS STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED DISCIPLINE TACLOBAN CITY ARCH 413 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 (Alternative Construction System) GEODESIC STRUCTURE PRESENTED BY: CENTINO, JAMES LEGASPI, DAISY SURPIA, ANGELO YU, CLARICE ANN BSAR-4B PRESENTED TO: AR. CAITLIN SAITH D. GATELA NOVEMBER 2022 GEODESIC STRUCTURE WHAT IS GEODESIC? 1. relating to or denoting the shortest possible line between two points on a sphere or other curved surface. GEODESIC DOME/STRUCTURE - Geodesic dome is a thin shelled arrangements made out of triangles (a network of struts) connected together to form a true sphere. - The triangles are architecturally firm and distribute the stress throughout the dome, allowing the structure to bear heavy loads for their size. - Space frame is the three-dimensional framework that makes the dome stabled. - The triangles are put as hexagons and pentagons (works best because of lack of corners to concentrate stress) to eventually form the dome. U.S. EXHIBITION DOME AT EXPO 67 IN MONTREAL CASA MAÑANA INC HUNGARY (LAKE BALATON) – THE GLOBE OBSERVATORY U.S. EXHIBITION DOME AT EXPO 67 IN MONTREAL HISTORY • • • • • Experiments in 1913 geodesic planetarium dome at the Carl Zeiss plant in Jena, Germany The year 1919, Walter Bauersfelt who is from Germany has decided to base a moveable projectors within a still dome. The first model ever made was more that half a sphere but Walter Bauersfeld has fixed the issue of how to make a really huge sphere by approximating it. After 30 years, an American architect R. Buckminster Fuller has invented a similar idea but the difference is that he designed it to be affordable and efficient that can be made fast. He was the one who exploited, patented, and developed the idea of geodesic dome. The geodesic dome is the strongest (omnitriangulated surface), lightest and most cost-effective building that was ever made because its ability to cover space without any interior supports “such a columns” that usually cover up space in an interior. Not only is it cost effective but it is also easy to construct. RICHARD BUCKMINSTER “BUCKY” FULLER (July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983) - was an American systems theorist, architect, engineer, author, designer, inventor, and futurist - Fuller published more than 30 books, inventing and popularizing terms such as “Spaceship Earth”, ephemeralization, and synergetic. - He also developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, the best known of which is the geodesic dome. Carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their resemblance to geodesic spheres. STRUCTURE • • • • • • Domes are the most efficient structure known to man, they use less material, lighter and stronger than any other types of building bar none. They are much stronger than any conventional buildings Domes can be built very quickly and economically. The nature of the spherical design provide strength because all the points of the structure share the stress evenly as opposed to the right angles of typical box structures. Domes become super strong when they are fixed to the ground by slabs, crawl space, or even full basement. Geodesics domes are the only man-made structure that gets proportionally stronger as it increases in size. Eco-Friendly • • • • Extremely “green” in terms of cost, building materials and future maintenance. The sphere has the greatest volume given a certain surface area, it stands to reason that it also is the most economic to construct in terms of size and available budget. The environmental benefits of domes would also play as part, as its proven to have lesser footprint and negative impact than that of a rectangular home. In addition, domes are easier to retrofit for energy engineering such as: radiant heat, solar energy, water collection systems, compost toilets, and many other alternative utilities. Weather Resistance • • • Domes are naturally hurricane resistant. High wind can pass smoothly over a dome because it has no corners and flat surfaces to cause turbulence. Domes are aerodynamic, eliminates roof and truss structures and are made of high-performance green materials designed to withstand considerable wind loads from severe storms like tornados, hurricanes and typhoons. Due to their highly structural integrity, they perform extremely well in such natural disasters as earthquakes, floods and severe wind storms. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION Planning the construction • • • • • Designing the dome is the first step to know the size and amount of triangles needed from the calculation to form the dome. Struts: these are the framework for the dome which are made up of rods. Material selection should be as made as different materials create different kinds of domes. Finalizing the structures The calculations differ by class of the dome, like 2V, 3V, 4V, etc. Strut Preparation • Cutting the struts as per calculations • Flattening the edges • Drilling holes for joints • Bending the flattened edges • Sealing and painting the struts (show video- https://youyu.be/-2S2Jx4b1WQ ) Dome Assembly Method • • The assembly should be planned according to the class and complexity of the dome. It also depend on what arrangement will the triangles be, for example pentagon, hexagon Show video – https://youtu.be/4kArvROGtF8 Materials Used • • Most common material use to build a geodesic dome is steel as they connect the network of the beams/struts together. The triangular panels of the dome can be covered with either plastic, wood, or drywall. What is GEODESIC DOME FREQUENCY? • • Dome Frequency is denoted by the letter "v". The short answer for dome frequency is, the higher the "v", or frequency, the more triangles there are in the geodesic dome. A higher frequency dome with more triangles will be stronger and more spherical than a lower frequency dome. And the higher frequency dome will be more complicated to build, as it will have more struts. 1v Dome 2v Dome 3v Dome 4v Dome 5v Dome 6v Dome ICOSAHEDRON Almost all Geodesic Domes are based on the Icosahedron. The Icosahedron is a geometric solid that has 20 sides, called "faces". Each "face" of the Icosahedron is made from an equilateral triangle. TESSELLATION • • • Tessellation" means that you are breaking up a flat surface into smaller "tiles" with no gaps or overlaps. The tessellation of the triangular face of an Icosahedron into smaller triangles increases the Geodesic Dome Frequency. Tessellation" Lets You Build a Larger Dome with Shorter Struts, and Makes the Dome More Spherical. 1 FREQUENCY GEODESIC DOME 2 FREQUENCY GEODESIC DOME 3 FREQUENCY GEODESIC DOME • • • • ADVANTAGE Geodesic domes are stable and easy to construct. The distribution of weight, throughout the structure makes it stable during earthquakes and similar hazards. Have an aerodynamic shape that protects them against strong wind or storms. Since the geodesic dome is spherical in shape it has less surface area, reducing the interior temperature and heat gain, and also enables uniform air flow. • • • • DISADVANTAGE Unusable space inside of a geodesic dome Custom doors and windows are needed. Drainage and fire escapes can be an issue as they need to meet code requirements. Needs very skilled labors. REFERENCES: George, P. (2014). Geodesics Domes. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/223130527/Geodesic-domes Abellana, C. & et al. (2020). Geodesic Structure. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/presentation/489201879/Geodesic-Structure The Pros and Cons of Geodesic Dome Homes. America’s Choice [Blog]. Retrieved from https://www.2-10.com/blog/the-pros-and-cons-og-geodesic-home-homes/#
