GLOBAL INTERSTATE
SYSTEM
PREPARED BY:
MS. MARICRIS E. LACOSTALES
Max Weber describes the state as a
compulsory political organization with a
centralized government that maintains the
legitimate use of force within a certain
territory.
A state is an organized political community
acting under a government. States may be
classified as sovereign if they are not
dependent on, or subject to, any other power
or state. States are considered to be subject
to external sovereignty, or hegemony, if their
ultimate sovereignty lies in another state.
On the other hand, the concept of
nation emphasizes the organic ties that
hold groups of people together and
inspire a sense of loyalty and belonging
– i.e., ethnicity, language, religion,
and others (Schattle, 2014).
According to
James Garner, the
STATE is a
community of
persons more or
less numerous
occupying a
definite portion of
territory completely
free of external
control and
possessing an
organized
government to
which a great body
of inhabitants
render habitual
obedience.
WHAT IS A NATION-STATE?
Nation-state, a territorially
bounded sovereign polity—i.e.,
a state —that is ruled in the name
of a community of citizens who
identify themselves as a nation.
⮚
is a system of organization in
which people with a common
identity live inside a country with
firm borders and a single
government.
⮚
EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
1. Globalization is seen to
NATION-STATES
impose a forced choice
upon nation-states
❑ EITHER THEY CONFORM TO THE NEO-LIBERAL IDEAS AND FREEMARKET PRINCIPLES OF DEREGULATION, PRIVATIZATION, AND FREE
TRADE OR RUN THE RISK OF BEING LEFT BEHIND IN TERMS OF
DEVELOPMENT.
❑ NATION-STATES, IN THIS CONTEMPORARY AGE, ARE FORCED TO
SUBMIT THEMSELVES TO THE DEMANDS OF GLOBALLY ACCEPTED
FREE-MARKET PRINCIPLES
❑ NATION-STATES ARE FORCED TO REALIGN THEIR POLICIES TO BE
CONGRUENT WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF FREE TRADE BECAUSE OF THE
PRESSURES FROM THE GLOBAL CORPORATIONS
Friedman in Steger (2005) claims that nation-states are in danger of losing
important elements of economic sovereignty because of the notion that
neo-liberalism is beyond contestation as an aspect of globalization.
The member states of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nation
(ASEAN), including the Philippines,
established the ASEAN Free Trade
Area (AFTA) in 1991. Its goal is to
encourage the member-states to
deepen
their
commitments
in
investments, trade, and industrial
collaboration to brace them for the
increase in the region’s economic
activity.
EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
2. Establishment of
NATION-STATES
economic and political
integrations
EU HAS BECOME A SUPRANATIONAL BODY WITH 28 MEMBERS. IT HAS A SINGLE
CURRENCY AND MONETARY SYSTEM AMONG 17 STATES, PARLIAMENT WITH LEGISLATIVE
POWERS, WITH COMMON CITIZENS’ RIGHTS TO LIVE, WORK, VOTE, AND RUN FOR
OFFICE, WITH DEVELOPED COLLECTIVE MECHANISM TO RESOLVE CRISIS AND ASSIST
THOSE IN NEED, AND WITH INTERCONTINENTAL JURISPRUDENCE IN THE CASE OF THE
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. THE
STATEHOOD OF THE MEMBERS IS NOT DISSOLVED, WHAT HAS CHANGED IS ONLY HOW
THE NATION-STATES FUNCTION, IN TERMS OF ECONOMY AND POLITICS, AS PART OF A
WHOLE (SCHATTLE, 2014).
EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
3. Establishment of
NATION-STATES
international laws and
principles
establishment of the UN
that operates as a forum
for nation-states to air
their differences and try to
resolve them
has powers that include the
creation of peacekeeping
operations and international
sanctions and the
authorization of military
action.
prosecutes individuals accused of crimes
against humanity such as genocide
United States, China, and India are not
signatories
treaty is not binding to these
economic powers
EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
3. Establishment of
NATION-STATES
a document that acts like a global road map
international laws and
for freedom and equality – protecting the
rights of every individual, everywhere. It
principles
There are
two
universal
principles
that are
adopted by
nationstates in
relation to
the
dynamism of
globalization
was the first time countries agreed on the
freedoms and rights that deserve universal
protection in order for every individual to live
their lives freely, equally and in dignity.
✔ was adopted in response to the “barbarous acts
which […] outraged the conscience of mankind”
during the Second World War. Its adoption
recognized human rights to be the foundation for
freedom, justice and peace.
defines the rights and responsibilities of
nations with respect to their use of the
world's oceans, establishing guidelines for
businesses, the environment, and the
management of marine natural resources.
EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
4. Rise of
NATION-STATES
transnational activism
happens when activist groups of
nation-states connect with their
counterparts in other states
For example, an advocacy-based organization in the
Philippines may connect itself with and get support from other
human rights groups in Europe to pressure the Philippine
government to realign its stance and actions in upholding
human rights. When a nation-state recognizes international
interventions and changes its behavior in response to
international pressure, it reconstitutes the relationship among
the nation-state, its citizens, and international actors
(Keck&Sikkink,1998).
EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION IN
5. Creation of new
NATION-STATES
Because of the so-called network society
communications (Castells,2009), nation-states must reshape themselves
to become part of global networks in the arena of
network
finance, education, science, technology, arts, and
sports.
⮚
This can be seen in the proliferation of online
education from universities outside the
Philippines. Conversely, Philippine
universities offer online course to nonFilipinos.
⮚ Social media gives people the power to air their sentiments, and,
serves as an avenue to discuss issues
Many nation-states also establish their own state-funded television networks for information
dissemination as alternative to the well-established privately funded news networks.
In the case of authoritarian and repressive states like China, Russia, and North Korea, the governments
make use of media technologies to filter content that can be viewed by their citizens. On the other hand,
digital media can be used by governments to gain public support in their campaigns. Thus, social media
can become an alternative to mainstream media that advances its biased perspective.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATION
facilitate connections
among nation-states
Internationalism is basically anchored on the
opinion that nationalism should be outrun because
links that bind people of different countries are more
powerful than those that disconnected them
(Anora,2014).
internationalism is political, economic and
cultural cooperation between nations while
globalism is an ideology based on the belief
that people, goods and information ought to
be able to cross national borders unfettered.
Moreover, in order to avert wars,
(Political Philosophers):
Immanuel Kant (1795) stated that
agreements among nations must be
reached. He conceptualized the idea of
liberal internationalism which
proposes that nations must give up
their freedom and submit to a larger
system of laws that is embodied by
common international principles. He
believed that a form of global
government is needed to create and
enforce these laws.
Guiseppe Mazzini
91805-1972) assumed
that nationalism and
international
cooperation
complemented each
other. He believed that
cooperation among
nation-states is
essential.
US President Woodrow Wilson
(1856-1924) thought that nations
were subject to the universal laws
of God that could be discovered
through reason. He adopted the
principles of self-determination,
democratic government, collective
security, international law, and a
league of nations in his concept of
internationalism.
Socialist Internationalism, on the other hand, contradicts liberal internationalism. This form of
internationalism is based on the view that capitalism is a global system and that the working class must unite as a
global class to forward struggle against capitalism.
The notion of socialist internationalism is linked to the goal of a world revolution—to end class struggle globally.
The Second International (1889-1916), the original socialist international, was an organization of labor and social
parties established in Paris in 1889. It is best known for declaring the International Worker’s Day (May 1) and
International Women’s Day (March 8) and for initiating the campaign for the eight-hour workday.
On the other hand, globalism emerged as an attitude that
seeks to understand all the interconnections of the modern
world and to highlight patterns that underline them. It
pursues to describe and explain a world that is characterized
by a network of connections that span multi-continental
distances.
Overall, the global interstate system is a facet of contemporary political globalization
that seeks to form collaboration among nation-states through the establishment of
intergovernmental organizations. It is rooted on the idea of internationalism. Experts
on interstate relations cannot discount the numerous effects of neoliberalism on the
rise of new communication networks utilized by governments.
CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
PREPARED BY:
MS. MARICRIS E. LACOSTALES