THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
IN THE
HUMAN BODY
ATOM
ORGANISM
MOLECULE
CELL
ORGAN SYSTEM
TISSUE
ORGAN
Let’s Try
Gently press the sides of your wrist.
Gently press the top of your head.
What do you feel?
Feel the bones in your arms and legs?
How are they different or alike from the
bones in your head?
Group
Activity
Group I
Arrange the
bones to form
the skeletal
system.
Group II
Name the
bones of the
skeletal
system.
Group III
Complete the table below.
TYPES OF JOINTS
LOCATION
MOVEMENT
GLIDING JOINT
HINGE JOINTS
BALL-AND-SOCKET
JOINTS
SADDLE JOINTS
PIVOT JOINTS
Explain why joints are important?
Group IV
Explain the roles of axial skeleton
and appendicular skeleton. What
are the bones that composed the
axial skeleton? Appendicular
skeleton?
Skeletal System
Supports and gives the body
its shape.
It also protects the delicate
vital organs and helps
movement.
Two divisions:
1.Axial Skeleton – protects the
delicate organs in the body.
It composed of bones that
protect, like the skull,
backbone, breastbone and ribs.
Skull – protects the
brain. It is made up
of many bones
which are fused
together to form a helmetlike
structure called the cranium.
Backbone – is
attached to the
skull. It is made
up of irregularly
shaped hollow
bones called vertebrae.
Breastbone – is
a long flat bone
at the middle of
the chest. It is
attached to the ribs. It
encloses the heart and lungs
Two divisions:
2.Appendicular Skeleton – is
composed of bones that aid
movement. These include the
collarbones, the shoulder
blades, and the bones of the
arm, legs, and hips.
Collarbones
&
Shoulder blades
Stabilize the rib
cage & connect
the shoulders to
the arms.
Humerus -
Radius - Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalenges
The arm has three
bones, one in the
upper arm and
two in the lower
arm. Each hand
also has several
bones for the
fingers and palm.
Each leg has one
long
in
the
upper
leg
Femur and two bones in
the
lower
leg.
KneecapBetween the upper
leg
and
lower
leg
is
Tibia- - Fibula
the kneecap. The
foot
also
has
several
Tarsals - Metatarsals bones.
- Phalenges
Hipbone
–
connects the
backbone and
the legs.
Joints – is
formed when
two
bones
connect.
TYPES OF
JOINTS
GLIDING
JOINT
LOCATION
MOVEMENT
WRISTS
HINGE
JOINT
ANKLES,
KNEES,
ELBOWS
SLIDING BONES
OVER EACH
OTHER
BENDING AND
STRAIGHTENING
BALL-AND- SHOULDERS FREE MOVEMENT
SOCKET
IN ALL DIRECTIONS
JOINTS
SADDLE
THUMBS TILTING IN SEVERAL
JOINTS
DIRECTIONS
PIVOT JOINTS HEAD AND
LIMITED
NECK
MOVEMENT,
TURNING RIGHT TO
LEFT
Cartilage – the
smooth
and
slippery tissue
or fibrous tissue
that
coated
some bones.
It functions as a
shock absorber.
It also acts as a
cushion between
two bones and
helps the joints
move.
Synovial fluid –
an oil-like fluid
at the end of
the bones that
lubricates the
bones.
Ligament – a
very thick and
elastic material
that holds the
bones together
when moving.
Tendons
–
connects
the
muscle to the
bone.
Let’s Recall
Make a model of
the skeletal system
using recyclable
materials like
cardboard.
Let’s Check
Read each
item carefully
and choose the
letter of the
best answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a
function of the skeletal system?
a. It protects the delicate organs of the
body.
b. It supports the body.
c. It transports food to the different
parts of the body.
d. It enables the body to move.
2. What is the function of the axial
skeleton?
a. It aids in the movement of the body.
b. It connects the muscles to the
skeleton.
c. It protects the delicate organs of the
body.
d. It acts as a shock absorber.
3. What is the characteristic of ligaments?
a. Can stretch to facilitate the movement of
the bones.
b. The ends are covered with an oil-like fluid
that acts as lubrication.
c. Can enable the bones to move freely in
all directions.
d. Can connect the ends of muscles to the
bones.
4. Which of the following
bones protect the brain?
a. backbone
b. hipbones
c. ribs
d. skull
5. Which of the following
components of the skeletal
system holds two bones
together?
a. cartilage
b. joint
c. ligament
d. tendon